Dhammayuttika Pubba-kicca analysis¶
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English | Root |
|---|---|---|---|---|
okāsaṃ me bhante thero detu pāṭimokkhaṃ uddesituṃ.
| okāsaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | permission | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| me | pron | 1st.acc.sg | me | |
| bhante | noun | masc.voc.sg | venerable sir | |
| thero | noun | masc.nom.sg | elder | |
| detu | verb | imp.3rd.sg | may…give | √dā･1 a (give)+ a > dāya > de (irreg)+tu |
| pāṭimokkhaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | disciplinary code | |
| uddesituṃ | verb | inf | to recite | ud+ √dis･1 a (point out, explain)>(i > e)> des + *ituṃ |
| May the venerable elder give me permission to recite the disciplinary code. |
may the senior please give me permission to recite the pātimokkha.
[thera: karomi āyasmato okāsaṃ.]
| thera | noun | masc.voc.sg? | elder monk | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| karomi | verb | pr.1st.sg | I make; I do | |
| āyasmato | noun | masc.dat.sg | to the venerable (one) | |
| okāsaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | permission | |
| Elder Monk: I give (lit: make) permission to the venerable one. |
[eldest bhikkhu: i give permission to the venerable one.]
uposathakaraṇato pubbe navavidhaṃ pubbakiccaṃ kātabbaṃ hoti:
| uposathakaraṇato | noun | nt.abl.sg | performance of the observance day ceremony | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #uposatha | noun | - | observance day ceremony | |
| #karaṇato | noun | nt.abl.sg | performance | |
| pubbe | ind | adv (+abl) | before | |
| navavidhaṃ | adj | nt.nom.sg | nine-fold | |
| pubbakiccaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | preliminary duty | |
| kātabbaṃ | ptp | nt.nom.sg | should be done | |
| hoti | verb | pr.3rd.sg | there is; it is | |
| Before the performance of the observation day ceremony, the nine-fold preliminary duty is to be done. |
before doing the uposatha the ninefold duty should be done:
taṇ'ṭhānasammajjanañ'ca; tattha padīp'ujjalanañ'ca; āsanapaññapanañ'ca; pānīyaparibhojanīy'ūpaṭṭhapanañ'ca; chand'ārahānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ chand'āharaṇañ'ca;
| taṇ'ṭhānasammajjanañ'ca | sandhi | and sweeping that place | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #taṃ | pron | nt. | that | |
| #ṭhāna | noun | nt. | place | |
| #sammajjanaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | sweeping | |
| #ca | ind | conj | and | |
| tattha | ind | adv | there | |
| padīp'ujjalanañ'ca | sandhi | and lighting the lamps | ||
| #padīpa | noun | masc. | lamps | |
| #ujjalanaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | lighting | |
| #ca | ind | conj | and | |
| āsanapaññapanañ'ca | sandhi | and preparing the seats (mats) | ||
| #āsana | noun | nt. | the seats | |
| #paññāpanaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | preparation | |
| #ca | ind | conj | and | |
| pānīyaparibhojanīy'ūpaṭṭhapanañ'ca | sandhi | and preparing drinking water and water for washing | ||
| #pānīya | noun | nt. | drinking water | |
| #paribhojanīya | adj | nt. | rinsing water | |
| #upaṭṭhapanaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | arranging; preparing | |
| #ca | ind | conj | and | |
| chand'ārahānaṃ | adj | masc.gen.pl | the consent [of the monks] entitled to give vote by proxy | |
| bhikkhūnaṃ | noun | masc.gen.pl | of the monks | |
| chand'āharaṇañ'ca | ||||
| chand'ārahānaṃ | adj | masc.gen.pl | and [bringing] the consent of the monks entitled to vote by proxy | |
| ca | ind | conj | and | |
| The sweeping of that place; lighting the lamps there; preparing the seats (i.e. mats); preparing drinking water and water for rinsing; and [bringing] the consent of the monks who are entitled to [give their] consent by proxy; |
the sweeping of that place; the lighting of the lamp there; the spreading of the sitting mats; the setting out of water for drinking and washing
tesaññ'eva akat'uposathānaṃ pārisuddhiyā'pi āharaṇañ'ca; utu'kkhānañ'ca; bhikkhugaṇanā ca; bhikkhunīnam'ovādo cā'ti.
| tesaññ'eva | sandhi | just of those | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #tesaṃ | pron | masc.gen.pl | of those | |
| #eva | ind | emph | just | |
| akat'uposathānaṃ | sandhi | who do not participate in the Observance Day ceremony | ||
| #akata | pp | masc. | not done; not performed | |
| #uposathānaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | Observance Day ceremony | |
| pārisuddhiyā'pi | sandhi | of purity too | ||
| #pārisuddhiyā | noun | fem.gen.sg | of purity | |
| #api | ind | just; only; too | ||
| āharaṇañ'ca | sandhi | and the bringing | ||
| #āharaṇaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | bringing | |
| #ca | ind | conj | and | |
| utu'kkhānañ'ca | sandhi | and announcing the season | ||
| #utu'kkhānaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | announcing the season | |
| ##utuṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | the season | |
| ##akkhānaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | announcing | |
| #ca | ind | conj | and | |
| bhikkhugaṇanā ca | sandhi | and counting the monks | ||
| #bhikkhugaṇanā | noun | fem.nom.sg | counting of the monks | |
| ##bhikkhunaṃ | noun | masc.gen.pl | of the monks | |
| ##gaṇanā | noun | fem.nom.sg | counting | |
| #ca | ind | conj | and | |
| bhikkhunīnam'ovādo | noun | masc.nom.sg | instruction to nuns; exhortation to nuns | |
| ##bhikkhunīnaṃ | noun | fem.dat.pl | to the nuns | |
| ##ovādo | noun | masc.nom.sg | instruction; exhortation | |
| cā'ti | sandhi | “...and” | ||
| ca | ind | conj | and | |
| iti | ind | quotation mark | “” | |
| and the bringing of purity of those monks who do not participate in the Observation Day ceremony; announcing the season; counting the monks; and the instruction of the nuns.” |
the bringing of the consent of the bhikkhus who are deserving [to give their] consent; and of those bhikkhus who do not participate in the uposatha the bringing of the purity too; the telling of the season; and the counting of the bhikkhus, the instructing of the bhikkhunīs.
tattha purimesu catūsu kiccesu padīpakiccaṃ idāni suriy'ālokassa atthitāya n'atthi, aparāni tīṇi bhikkhūnaṃ vattaṃ jānantehi bhikkhūhi katāni pariniṭṭhitāni honti.
| tattha | ind | adv | in that regard; regarding the matter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| purimesu | adj | nt.loc.pl | in regard to the former (earlier) | |
| catūsu | card | nt.loc.pl | in regard to the four | |
| kiccesu | noun | nt.loc.pl | in regard to the duties | |
| padīpakiccaṃ | sandhi | the duty of the lamps (i.e. the lighting of the lamps) | ||
| #padīpa | noun | masc. | lamps | |
| #kiccaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | duty; obligation | |
| idāni | ind | adv | now | |
| suriy'ālokassa | noun | masc.gen.sg | of sunshine (lit: of the light of the sun) | |
| #suriyassa | noun | masc.gen.sg | of the sun | |
| #ālokassa | noun | masc.gen.sg | of the light | |
| atthitāya | noun | fem.abl.sg | because of the existence; because of the presence | |
| n'atthi | verb | pr.3rd.sg | there is not | |
| aparāni | adj | nt.nom.pl | other [ones] | |
| tīṇi | card | nt.nom.pl | three | |
| bhikkhūnaṃ | noun | masc.gen.sg | of monks | |
| vattaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | duty; customary practice | |
| jānantehi | prp | masc.instr.pl | by knowing | √ñā･5 nā (know)+ nā > jānā+ nta+ehi |
| bhikkhūhi | noun | masc.instr.pl | by monks | |
| katāni | pp | nt.nom.pl | were done | √kar･7 o (do, make)> (rt > t)>+ta+āni |
| pariniṭṭhitāni | pp | nt.nom.pl | fully accomplished; perfectly completed | pari ni √ṭhā･1 a (stand)+ ita+āni |
| honti | verb | pr.3rd.pl | are | √hū･1 a (be)+ a > ho+nti |
| Regarding the earlier four duties, because of the presence now of sunlight, there is not the duty of [the lighting of] the lamps; the three other [duties] were done, were fully accomplished, by monks knowing the customary practice of monks. |
herein with regards the first four duties there is no duty of [lighting] the lamp because of the state of there being sunlight now, the three other ones have been done and completed by bhikkhus who know the bhikkhus' protocol.
chand'āharaṇa pārisuddhiāharaṇāni pana imissaṃ sīmāyaṃ hatthapāsaṃ vijahitvā nisinnānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ abhāvato n'atthi.
| chand'āharaṇa | noun | nt. | conveying consent | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #chanda | noun | masc. | consent; approval | |
| #āharaṇa | noun | nt. | bringing; carrying | |
| pārisuddhiāharaṇāni | noun | nt.nom.pl | bringing purity | |
| #pārisuddhi | noun | fem. | purity | |
| #āharaṇāni | noun | nt.nom.pl | bringing | |
| pana | ind | but | ||
| imissaṃ | pron | fem.loc.sg | in this | |
| sīmāyaṃ | noun | fem.loc.sg | boundary | |
| hatthapāsaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg (+gen) | hand’s reach (of) | |
| vijahitvā | verb | abs | having left | |
| nisinnānaṃ | pp | masc.gen.pl | of seated | ni√sad･1 a (sink, sit, settle)+ a > sada > sīda (irreg)+na+ṃ |
| bhikkhūnaṃ | noun | masc.gen.pl | of monks | |
| abhāvato | noun | masc.nom.sg | absence (of) | |
| n'atthi | verb | pr.3rd.sg | there is not | |
| there is not the conveying consent [and] bringing purity because of the absence of [monks] [who] have left the hand’s reach of the seated monks in this boundary. |
there is no bringing of consent [and] bringing of purity because of the absence in this boundary of seated bhikkhus who have left arm's length.
utu'kkhānaṃ nāma ettakaṃ atikkantaṃ ettakaṃ avasiṭṭhan'ti;
| utu'kkhānaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | announcing the season | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #utuṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | the season | |
| #akkhānaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | announcing | |
| nāma | ind | adv | namely | |
| ettakaṃ | adj | nt.nom.sg | this many | |
| atikkantaṃ | pp | nt.nom.sg | have gone past | ati√kam･1 a (go)+ta+ṃ |
| ettakaṃ | adj | nt.nom.sg | this many | |
| avasiṭṭhan'ti | sandhi | “... remaining” | ||
| #avasiṭṭhaṃ | pp | nt.nom.sg | left over; remaining | ava√sis･8 *e (remain, distinguish)+ta+ṃ |
| #iti | ind | quotation mark | “” | |
| Announcing the season [is], namely, [announcing] “this many [observance days] have passed, this many are remaining”. |
the so-called “telling the season” is declaring the season thus: this number [of uposathas] have passed, this number [of uposathas] are left
evaṃ utuācikkhanaṃ. utūn'īdha pana sāsane hemantagimhavassānānaṃ vasena tīṇi honti.
| evaṃ | ind | adv | like this | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| utuācikkhanaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | stating the season | |
| #utu | noun | masc | the season | |
| #ācikkhanaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | stating; announcing | |
| utūn'īdha | sandhi | seasons here | ||
| #utūni | noun | nt.nom.pl | seasons; climates | |
| #idha | ind | adv | here | |
| pana | ind | and so | ||
| sāsane | noun | nt.loc.sg | in the dispensation; teaching | |
| hemantagimhavassānānaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | cold, hot, and wet [seasons]; winter, summer, and rainy [seasons] | |
| #hemanta | noun | masc. | winter | |
| #gimha | noun | masc. | hot; summer | |
| #vassāna | noun | masc. | rainy | |
| vasena | ind | adv | through; by means of (i.e. namely) | |
| tīṇi | card | nt.nom.pl | three | |
| honti | verb | pr.3rd.pl | there are | |
| and so, in the dispensation here, there are three seasons, namely, winter, summer and rainy. |
in this dispensation there are three seasons, [namely] winter, summer, and rains.
ayaṃ [hemanto'tu / gimho'tu /vassāno'tu], asmiñ'ca utumhi aṭṭha uposathā, iminā pakkhena: eko uposatho sampatto, satta uposathā atikkantā, [#] uposathā avasiṭṭhā. [aṭṭha uposathā paripuṇṇā].
| ayaṃ | pron | masc.nom.sg | this | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hemanto'tu | noun | masc.nom.sg | winter season | |
| #hemanto | noun | masc.nom.sg | winter; cold | |
| #utu | noun | masc.nom.sg | season | |
| gimho'tu | noun | masc.nom.sg | hot season | |
| #gimho | noun | masc.nom.sg | hot | |
| #utu | noun | masc.nom.sg | season | |
| vassāno'tu | noun | masc.nom.sg | rainy season | |
| #vassāno | noun | masc.nom.sg | rainy | |
| #utu | noun | masc.nom.sg | season | |
| asmiñ'ca | sandhi | |||
| #asmiṃ | pron | masc.loc.sg | in this | |
| #ca | ind | conj | and | |
| utumhi | noun | masc.loc.sg | season | |
| aṭṭha | card | x.nom.pl | eight | |
| uposathā | noun | masc.nom.pl | observance days | |
| iminā | pron | masc.instr.sg | with this | |
| pakkhena | noun | masc.instr.sg | fortnight | |
| eko | card | masc.nom.sg | one | |
| uposatho | noun | masc.nom.sg | observance day | |
| sampatto | pp | masc.nom.sg | has arrived | saṃ pa √ap･4 uṇā (reach, attain)>(ṃ > m)sampa (p > t)+ > sampat+to |
| satta | card | x.nom.pl | seven | |
| uposathā | noun | masc.nom.pl | observance days | |
| atikkantā | pp | masc.nom.pl | have passed by | ati√kam･1 a (go)>(m > n)+tā |
| uposathā | noun | masc.nom.pl | observance days | |
| avasiṭṭhā | pp | masc.nom.pl | left over; remaining | |
| attha | card | x.nom.pl | eight | |
| uposathā | noun | masc.nom.pl | observance days | |
| paripuṇṇā | pp | masc.nom.pl | have been completed | pari√pūr･1 a (fill, fulfil)+ na >(rn > ṇṇ) +ā |
| this [is] the winter season (hot season/rainy season) and in this season [there are] eight observance days; with this fortnight, one observance day has arrived, seven observance days have passed by, eight observance days are remaining (eight observance days have been completed). |
this is the winter season, and in this season there are eight uposathas. with this fortnight: one uposatha has arrived, seven uposathas have past, (# uposathas are left), [eight uposathas completed.]
iti evaṃ sabbehi āyasmantehi utu'kkhānaṃ dhāretabbaṃ.
| iti | ind | adv | thus; like this | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| evaṃ | ind | adv | thus | |
| sabbehi | pron | masc.instr.pl | by all | |
| āyasmantehi | noun | masc.instr.pl | by the venerab les | |
| utu'kkhānaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | announcing the season | |
| #utuṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | the season | |
| #akkhānaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | announcing | |
| dhāretabbaṃ | ptp | nt.nom.sg | should be remembered (lit: should be held) | √dhar･8 *e (wear, hold, carry)+ *e > (a > ā)> dhāre+ tabba+ṃ |
| thus, like this, the announcing of the season is to be remembered by all the venerables. |
thus the telling of the season is to be borne in mind by all the venerables.
bhikkhugaṇanā nāma imasmiṃ uposath'agge uposath'atthāya sannipatitā bhikkhū ettakā'ti, bhikkhūnaṃ gaṇanā.
| bhikkhugaṇanā | noun | fem.nom.sg | counting the monks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #bhikkhu | noun | masc. | the monks | |
| #gaṇanā | noun | fem.nom.sg | counting | |
| nāma | ind | adv | the [so-]called | |
| imasmiṃ | pron | nt.loc.sg | in this | |
| uposath'agge | noun | nt.loc.sg | observance day hall | |
| #uposatha | noun | masc. | observance day | |
| #agge | noun | nt.loc.sg | hall | |
| uposath'atthāya | ind | for the sake of observance day | ||
| #uposatha | noun | masc | observance day | |
| #atthāya | adj | masc.dat.sg | for the sake of | |
| sannipatitā | pp | masc.nom.pl | gathered together | saṃ ni √pat･1 a (fall) >(ṃ > n)+ ita+ā |
| bhikkhū | noun | masc.nom.pl | the monks | |
| ettakā'ti | sandhi | “...this many” | ||
| #ettakā | adj | masc.nom.pl | this many | |
| #iti | ind | quotation mark | “” | |
| bhikkhūnaṃ | noun | masc.gen.pl | of the monks | |
| gaṇanā | noun | fem.nom.sg | the counting | |
| the [so-]called counting the monks in this observance day hall for the sake of this observance day, “this many monks are gathered together,” [is] the counting of the monks [thus]: |
imasmiṃ pana uposath'agge [cattāro] bhikkhū sannipatitā honti.
| imasmiṃ | pron | nt.loc.sg | in this | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pana | ind | and so | ||
| uposath'agge | noun | nt.loc.sg | observance day hall | |
| #uposatha | noun | masc. | observance day | |
| #agge | noun | nt.loc.sg | hall | |
| cattāro | card | masc.nom.pl | four | |
| bhikkhū | noun | masc.nom.pl | monks | |
| sannipatitā | pp | masc.nom.pl | gathered together | |
| honti | verb | pr.3rd.pl | there are | |
| and so in this observance day hall there are four monks gathered together. |
iti sabbehi āyasmantehi bhikkhugaṇanā'pi dhāretabbā.
| iti | ind | thus | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sabbehi | pron | masc.instr.pl | by all | |
| āyasmantehi | noun | masc.instr.pl | by the venerab les | |
| bhikkhugaṇanā'pi | sandhi | |||
| #bhikkhugaṇanā | noun | fem.nom.sg | counting the monks | |
| ##bhikkhu | noun | masc. | the monks | |
| ##gaṇanā | noun | fem.nom.sg | counting | |
| #api | ind | indeed | ||
| dhāretabbā | ptp | fem.nom.sg | should be remembered | |
| Thus, indeed, the counting of the monks should be remembered by all the venerables. |
bhikkhunīnam'ovādo pana samīpe tāsaṃ n'atthitāya n'atthi.
| bhikkhunīnam'ovādo | noun | masc.nom.sg | instruction of the nuns; exhortation of the nuns | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #bhikkhunīnaṃ | noun | fem.gen.pl | of the nuns | |
| #ovādo | noun | masc.nom.sg | instruction; exhortation | |
| pana | ||||
| samīpe | ind | prep | nearby | |
| tāsaṃ | pron | fem.gen.pl | of them | |
| n'atthitāya | noun | fem.abl.sg | non-existence | na√as･1 a (be)+ ti>(st > tth) + tā+āya |
| n'atthi | verb | pr.3rd.sg | there is not | na√as･1 a (be)+>(st > tth)+ ti |
| There is not instruction of the nuns because of the non-existence of them nearby. |
there is no instruction of the bhikkhunīs because of their non-existence in the proximity.
iti sakaraṇ'okāsānaṃ pubbakiccānaṃ katattā nikkaraṇ'okāsānaṃ pubbakiccānaṃ pakatiyā pariniṭṭhitattā evan'taṃ navavidhaṃ pubbakiccaṃ pariniṭṭhitaṃ hoti.
| iti | ind | thus | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sakaraṇ'okāsānaṃ | adj | masc.gen.pl | of the opportunities of doing | |
| #sa | ind | prefix | with | |
| #karaṇa | adj | masc. | (of) doing | |
| #okāsānaṃ | noun | masc.gen.pl | of the opportunities | |
| pubbakiccānaṃ | noun | nt.gen.pl | of the preliminary duties | |
| #pubba | adj | nt. | previous | |
| #kiccānaṃ | noun | nt.gen.pl | of the duties | |
| katattā | noun | nt.nom.pl (+gen) | because of doing | |
| nikkaraṇ'okāsānaṃ | adj | with no opportunities to do | ||
| #nikkaraṇa | adj | masc. | with no basis; without grounds | |
| ##nir | ind | prefix | not | |
| ##karaṇa | adj | masc. | doing | |
| #okāsānaṃ | noun | masc.gen.pl | of the opportunities | |
| pubbakiccānaṃ | noun | nt.gen.pl | of the preliminary duties | |
| pakatiyā | noun | fem.abl.sg | (because of) the natural state | |
| pariniṭṭhitattā | noun | nt.nom.pl | total accomplishment(s) | |
| evan'taṃ | sandhi | in this way that | ||
| #evaṃ | ind | thus; in this way | ||
| #taṃ | pron | nt.nom.sg | that | |
| navavidhaṃ | adj | nt.nom.sg | the nine-fold | |
| pubbakiccaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | preliminary duty | |
| #pubba | adj | nt. | previous | |
| #kiccaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | duty | |
| pariniṭṭhitaṃ | pp | nt.nom.sg | fully accomplished; completely finished | |
| hoti | verb | pr.3rd.sg | is | |
| Thus, of the opportunities of doing the preliminary duties, because of the opportunity of doing the preliminary duties, with no opportunities to do [those] because of [their] natural state, in this way the nine-fold preliminary duty is fully accomplished. |
thus, because of the state of having been done of the preliminary duties, which had an opportunity of doing (them), and because of the naturalness of the preliminary duties which had no opportunity of doing (them), the nine-fold preliminary function has
been completed.
niṭṭhite ca pubbakicce: sace so divaso cātuddasī-paṇṇarasī-sāmaggīnam'aññataro yath'ājja uposatho paṇṇaraso/cātuddaso/sāmaggo.
| niṭṭhite | pp | nt.loc.sg (loc abs) | has been completed | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ca | ind | conj | and; and if | |
| pubbakicce | noun | nt.loc.sg | preliminary duty | |
| sace | ind | when; if | ||
| so | pron | masc.nom.sg | the | |
| divaso | noun | masc.nom.sg | day | |
| cātuddasī | noun | fem.nom.sg | fourteenth day of the lunar fortnight | |
| paṇṇarasī | noun | fem.nom.sg | fifteenth day of the lunar fortnight | |
| sāmaggīnam'aññataro | sandhi | a certain one of concord | ||
| #sāmaggīnaṃ | noun | fem.gen.pl | concord;unity; harmony | |
| #aññataro | pron | masc.nom.sg | a certain one (of) | |
| yath'ājja | sandhi | since today | ||
| #yathā | ind | adv | like; as; as per or since; because |
|
| #ajja | ind | adv | today | |
| uposatho | noun | masc.nom.sg | observance day | |
| paṇṇaraso | noun | masc.nom.sg | fifteenth day of the lunar fortnight | |
| cātuddaso | noun | masc.nom.sg | fourteenth day of the lunar fortnight | |
| sāmaggo | noun | masc.nom.sg | [of the community] all present | |
| When the preliminary duty has been completed, if the day is either one of the fourteenth, fifteenth lunar fortnight, or of unity; as per today, the fifteenth day Uposatha; (or) since today is the fifteenth day of the lunar fortnight (then) there is Uposatha; |
when the preliminary duty has been finished: if the day is a certain one of the fourteenth, fifteenth or the unity, like today is the fifteenth day uposatha.
1. yāvatikā ca bhikkhū kammappattā saṅgh'uposath'ārahā cattāro vā tato vā atirekā pakatattā pārājikaṃ anāpannā saṅghena vā anukkhittā.
| yāvatikā | adj | masc.nom.pl | however many | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ca | ind | conj | and | |
| bhikkhū | noun | masc.nom.pl | monks | |
| kammappattā | adj | masc.nom.pl | entitled to participate in the formal act | |
| #kammaṃ | noun | nt.acc.sg | legal act; procedure | |
| #pattā | pp | masc.nom.pl | reached; attained; accomplished | pa√ap･4 uṇā (reach, attain)+(p > t)+ta |
| saṅgh'uposath'ārahā | adj | masc.nom.pl | worthy of participating in the observance day ceremony with the community | |
| #saṅgha | noun | masc. | the community [of monks] | |
| #uposatha | noun | masc. | observance day ceremony | |
| #araha | adj | masc.nom.pl | worthy (of) | |
| cattāro | noun | masc.nom.pl | four | |
| vā | ind | conj | or | |
| tato | ind | adv | than that | |
| vā | ind | conj | or | |
| atirekā | adj | masc.nom.pl | more than | |
| pakatattā | adj | masc.nom.pl | regular | |
| pārājikaṃ | noun | nt.acc.sg | [an act] involving defeat | |
| anāpannā | adj | masc.nom.pl | who have not committed | |
| saṅghena | noun | masc.instr.sg | by the community | |
| vā | ind | conj | or | |
| anukkhittā | pp | masc.nom.pl | have not been suspended | |
| However many monks entitled to participate in the formal act, worthy of participating in the observance day ceremony of the community, four or more than [that], regular, [and] who have not [committed an act] involving defeat or have not been suspended by the community. |
whatever bhikkhus are entitled [to carry out the legal] act, who are qualified for the uposatha of the community, four or more than that, regular, who have not committed
an offence of pārājika, who have not been suspended by the community,
2. te ca kho hatthapāsaṃ avijahitvā ekasīmāyaṃ ṭhitā.
| te | pron | masc.nom.pl | they | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ca | ind | and | and | |
| kho | ind | emph | indeed | |
| hatthapāsaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | hand’s reach | |
| avijahitvā | verb | abs | having not left | na > a +vi√hā･1 a (abandon)+ hā + a >(h > j)> jaha+ itvā |
| ekasīmāyaṃ | noun | fem.loc.sg | in one legal boundary | |
| ṭhitā | pp | masc.nom.pl | have remained | √ṭhā･1 a (stand)+ itā |
| and, indeed, they, not having left hand’s reach, have remained in one legal boundary |
and they, not having left arms-length, remain in one boundary,
3. tesañ'ca vikālabhojan'ādi-vasena-vatthu-sabhāg'āpattiyo ce na vijjanti.
| tesañ'ca | sandhi | and for them | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #tesaṃ | pron | masc.dat.pl | for them | |
| #ca | ind | conj | and | |
| vikālabhojan'ādi | noun | nt.nom.sg | eating between midday and dawn and so on; eating at the wrong time and so on | |
| #vikāla | noun | masc. | wrong time | |
| #bhojana | noun | nt. | taking food; eating | |
| #ādi | noun | nt.nom.sg | and so on | |
| vasena | ind | adv | concerning | |
| vatthu | noun | nt.nom.sg | matter; case | |
| sabhāg'āpattiyo | adj | fem.nom.pl | having offences in common | |
| #sabhāga | adj | fem. | in common | |
| #āpattiyo | adj | fem.nom.pl | having offences | |
| ce | ind | cond | if | |
| na | ind | neg | not | |
| vijjanti | verb | pr.pass.3rd.pl | are found | √vid + ya > vijja (pass)>(dy > jj>+anti |
| and if among them (lit: for them) having offences in common, concerning the matter eating at the wrong time and so on, are not found, |
and if among them common offences, founded on eating at the wrong time and so on, are not found,
4. tesañ'ca hatthapāse hatthapāsato bahikaraṇavasena vajjetabbo koci vajjanīyapuggalo ce n'atthi.
| tesañ'ca | sandhi | and for them | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #tesaṃ | pron | masc.dat.pl | for them | |
| #ca | ind | conj | and | |
| hatthapāse | noun | masc.loc.sg | in hand’s reach | |
| hatthapāsato | noun | masc.abl.sg | from hand’s reach | |
| bahikaraṇavasena | ind | by means of exclusion (lit: by means of keeping away) | ||
| #bahi | ind | prep | externally; outside | |
| #karaṇa | adj | masc. | doing; making; causing | |
| #vasena | ind | adv | by means of | |
| vajjetabbo | ptp | masc.nom.sg | should be avoided | |
| koci | pron | masc.nom.sg | anyone | |
| vajjanīyapuggalo | sandhi | a person who should be excluded | ||
| #vajjanīya | adj | masc. | who should be excluded | |
| #puggalo | noun | masc.nom.sg | a person | |
| ce | ind | cond | if | |
| n'atthi | verb | pr.3rd.sg | there is not | |
| and if among them in hand’s reach, there is not a person who should be excluded, who should be avoided by means of keeping [him] away from hand’s reach, |
and if among them within arms-length there is no person fit to be excluded, who is to be excluded from arms-length by making [him go] outside,
5. evan'taṃ uposathakammaṃ imehi catūhi lakkhaṇehi saṅgahitaṃ pattakallaṃ nāma hoti, kātuṃ yuttarūpaṃ.
| evan'taṃ | sandhi | thus that; in this way that | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #evaṃ | ind | adv | thus | |
| #taṃ | pron | nt.nom.sg | that | |
| uposathakammaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | performance of the observance day ceremony | |
| #uposatha | noun | masc | the observance day ceremony | |
| #kammaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | procedure | |
| imehi | pron | nt.instr.pl | with these | |
| catūhi | card | nt.instr.pl | four | |
| lakkhaṇehi | noun | nt.instr.pl | qualities; characteristics | |
| saṅgahitaṃ | pp | nt.nom.sg | endowed with | |
| pattakallaṃ | noun | nt. | has reached the suitable [time] | |
| #patta | pp | masc. | has reached | pa√ap･4 uṇā (reach, attain)>(p > t)>+ta |
| #kallaṃ | adj | nt.acc.sg | proper | |
| nāma | ind | adv | called | |
| hoti | verb | pr.3rd.sg | is | |
| kātuṃ | verb | inf | to do | √kar･7 o (do, make)>(art > āt)+ tuṃ |
| yuttarūpaṃ | adj | nt.nom.sg (+inf) | proper; suitable | |
| #yutta | adj | nt. | proper | |
| #rūpaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | form | |
| Thus, that performance of the observance day ceremony endowed with these four characteristics is called “[one that] has reached the suitable [time],” [and] it is proper to do. |
then that [legal] act of uposatha endowed with these four characteristics is called “[one that] has reached suitability”, [and is] fit to perform.
6. uposathakammassa pattakallattaṃ viditvā idāni kariyamāno uposatho saṅghena anumānetabbo.
| uposathakammassa | noun | nt.gen.sg | of the performance of the observance day ceremony | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #uposatha | noun | masc. | observance day ceremony | |
| #kammassa | noun | nt.gen.sg | of the performance (of); of the procedure (of) | |
| pattakallattaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | the fact of being the right time (lit: reached time state) | |
| #patta | pp | nt. | having reached | |
| #kallattaṃ | adj | nt.nom.sg | proper | kalla + tta |
| viditvā | verb | abs | having known | √vid･1 a (know)+ itvā |
| idāni | ind | adv | now | |
| kariyamāno | prp | masc.nom.sg | is being done | √kar･7 iya (do, make)> kariya (pass)+ māno |
| uposatho | noun | masc.nom.sg | the observance day ceremony | |
| saṅghena | noun | masc.instr.sg | by the community | |
| anumānetabbo | ptp | masc.nom.sg | is to be permitted; should be allowed (lit: to be caused to be approved) | anu√man･3 *e (think)>(a > ā)> māne (caus)+ tabbo |
| having known the fact of the performance of the observance day ceremony being at the right time, it is to be permitted by the community [that] the observance day ceremony is being done now. |
having known the state of reached suitability of the [legal] act of uposatha, it is to be approved of by the community [that] the uposatha is being done now”.
[thera: pubbakaraṇa-pubbakiccāni samāpetvā, imassa nisinnassa bhikkhusaṅghassa anumatiyā pāṭimokkhaṃ uddesituṃ ajjhesanaṃ karomi.]
| thera | noun | masc.voc.sg | elder monk | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pubbakaraṇa | noun | nt. | preliminary work | |
| #pubba | adj | nt. | previous | |
| #karaṇa | adj | nt. | doing | |
| pubbakiccāni | noun | nt.acc.pl | preliminary duties | |
| #pubba | adj | nt. | previous | |
| #kiccāni | noun | nt.acc.pl | duties; obligations | |
| samāpetvā | verb | abs | having concluded; having finished | |
| imassa | pron | masc.gen.sg | of this | |
| nisinnassa | pp | masc.gen.sg | of the seated | |
| bhikkhusaṅghassa | noun | masc.gen.sg | of the community of monks | |
| #bhikkhu | noun | masc. | monk | |
| #saṅghassa | noun | masc.gen.sg | of the community | |
| anumatiyā | noun | fem.instr.sg | with the permission; with the approval | |
| pāṭimokkhaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | the disciplinary code | |
| uddesituṃ | verb | inf | to recite | ud√dis･1 a (point out, explain) >(i > e)> des + *ituṃ |
| ajjhesanaṃ | noun | fem.acc.sg | the invitation | |
| karomi | verb | pr.1st.sg | I make | |
| Eldest monk: Having concluded the preliminary work and duties, I make the invitation to recite the disciplinary code with the approval of this seated community of monks. |
[eldest bhikkhu: having made to undertake the preparations and preliminary duties i make the invitation to recite the disciplinary code with the approval of the seated community.]