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Word-by-word analysis of SBS Anumodana Chants by Ā. Thanuttamo

Abbreviations

abs. absolute construction

acc. accusative case

act. active voice

adj. adjective

adv. adverb, adverbial

caus. causative

dat. dative case

f. feminine gender

gen. genitive case

imp. imperative mood

instr. instrumental case

loc. locative case

m. masculine gender

n. noun

neutr. neuter gender

nom. nominative case

nom. ag. nomen agentis (agent noun)

num. number

pass. passive voice

pers. person, personal

pl. plural number

poss. adj. possessive adjective

pp. past participle

pres. ind. present indicative mood

pres. part. present participle

pron. pronoun

sg. singular number

vb. verb

Recitation (1)

Pāḷi Text (1)

(a) yathā vārivahā pūrā

paripūrenti sāgaraṁ

evameva ito dinnaṁ

petānaṁ upakappati.

(b) icchitaṁ patthitaṁ tumhaṁ

khippameva samijjhatu

sabbe pūrentu saṅkappā

cando paṇṇa-raso yathā

maṇi joti-raso yathā.

(c) sabbītiyo vivajjantu

sabbarogo vinassatu

mā te bhavatvantarāyo

sukhī dīghāyuko bhava.

(d) abhivādanasīlissa

niccaṁ vuḍḍhāpacāyino

cattāro dhammā vaḍḍhanti

āyu vaṇṇo sukhaṁ balaṁ.

Translation (1)

(a) Just as the rivers full,

Fill up the sea,

Benefits the departed spirits, in just this way,

That which is given from this world.

(b) May your wishes and desires

Prosper only fast,

May all your aspirations be fulfilled,

Like the moon on the fifteenth day,

Like the effulgence of a wish-fulfilling gem.

(c) May all misfortunes be avoided!

May all illness be dispelled!

May there be no dangers for you!

May you be happy and long-lived!

(d) For the one who is respectful,

Who constantly honors the elders,

Four things [will] increase,

Duration of life, beauty, happiness and strength.

Grammatical Analysis (1)

(a)

yathā: (“just as” – nipāta introducing the main clause).

vārivahā: (“rivers” – neutr. n. nom. pl. sentence subject).

pūrā: (“full” – neutr. adj. nom. pl. in agreement with vārivahā).

paripūrenti: (“cause to fill” – caus. [of paripūrati] vb. first pers. act. pl. predicate of

vārivahaṃ).

sāgaraṁ: (“ocean”, “sea” – m. n., nom. sg. object of main clause).

evameva: (“in this way” [evaṃ + eva] – conjunctive nipāta introducing the subordinate

clause).

ito: (“from here”, “from this world” – adv. nipāta).

dinnaṁ: (“that which is given” – pp. vb. [of deti] functioning as neutr. n. nom. sg.

subject of subordinate clause).

petānaṁ: (“the departed spirits” – m. n. dat. pl. object of subordinate clause).

upakappati: (“benefits”, “serves” – vb. pres. ind. first pers. act. sg. sentence predicate).

(b)

icchitaṁ: (“that which is wished [for]” –pp. vb. [of icchati] functioning as neutr. n. nom.

sg. subject of main clause).

patthitaṁ: (“that which is desired” –pp. vb. [of pattheti] functioning as neutr. n. nom.

sg. subject of main clause).

tumhaṁ: (“of you”, “your” – second pers. pers. pron. gen. pl. functioning as poss.

adj. modifying icchitaṁ and patthitaṁ).

khippameva: (“just quickly” [khippaṃ + eva] – adv. compound).

samijjhatu: (“may take effect”, “prosper” – imp. vb. [of samijjhati] third pers. act. sg.

predicate of main clause).

sabbe: (“all” – m. adj. pron. nom. pl. in agreement with saṅkappā).

pūrentu: (“be fulfilled” – imp. vb. [of pūreti] third pers. act. pl. predicate of main

clause).

saṅkappā: (“intentions”, “aspirations” – m. n. nom. pl. subject of main clause).

cando: (“the moon” – m. n. nom. sg. subject of comparative subordinate clause).

paṇṇaraso: (“on the fifteenth [lit.: ‘fifteen’]” – m. adj. cardinal num. [used as ordinal]).

nom. sg. [having a locative sense] in agreement with cando).

yathā: (“just as”, “as”, “like” – nipāta introducing a comparison with chando).

maṇijotiraso: (“wish-fulfilling gem”, “philosopher’s stone” [maṇi – “gem” + joti – “radiance” +

rasa – “taste”, “flavor”] – m. nom. pl. nominal compound subject of

comparative subordinate clause).

yathā: (“just as”, “as”, “like” – nipāta introducing another comparison with

maṇijotiraso).

(c)

sabbītiyo: (“all calamity”, “all distress” [sabbā + ītiyo] – f. nom. pl. nominal compound

of main clause).

vivajjantu: (“be avoided” – imp. vb. [of vivajjeti] third pers. pass. pl. predicate of main

clause).

sabbarogo: (“all illness” [sabbo + rogo] – m. nom. sg. compound subject of main

clause).

vinassatu: (“be destroyed” – imp. vb. [of vinassati] third pers. pass. sg. predicate of main

clause).

: (“not” – prohibitive nipāta).

te: (“for you” – pers. pron. third pers. dat. sg. indirect object of main clause).

bhavatvantarāyo: (“may be danger [or ‘impediment’]” [bhavatu – “may there be” + antarāyo

“danger or impediment”] – m. nom. sg. nominal compound subject of main

clause).

sukhī: (“happy” – m. adj. nom. sg.)

dīghāyuko: (“long-lived” – m. adj. nom. sg.)

bhava: (“may you be” – imp. vb. second pers. act. sg.)

(d)

abhivādanasīlissa: (“for the one of devout character” – m. adj. dat. sg. nominal compound used

substantively).

niccaṁ: (“constantly”– neutr. adj. used adverbially).

vuḍḍhāpacāyino: (“for the one who honors elders” [vuḍḍhā + apacāyino] – m. adj. dat. sg.

compound used substantively).

cattāro: (“four” – m. adj. cardinal num. nom. pl. in agreement with dhammā).

dhammā: (“things”, “qualities” – m. n. nom. pl.)

vaḍḍhanti: (“increase” – vb. pres. ind. third pers. act. pl. with fut. indication).

āyu: (“longevity”, “duration of life” – neutr. n. nom. sg.)

vaṇṇo: (“looks”, “appearance”, “beauty” – m. n. nom. sg.)

sukhaṁ: (“pleasantness”, “pleasure” – neutr. n. nom. sg.)

balaṁ: (“strength” – neutr. n. nom. sg.)

Recitation (2)

Pāḷi Text (2)

[ratanattayānubhāvena]

ratanattayatejasā

dukkharogabhayāverā

sokā sattu cupaddavā

anekā antarāyā pi

vinassantu asesato

jayasiddhi dhanaṁ lābhaṁ

sotthi bhāgyaṁ sukhaṁ balaṁ

siri āyu ca vaṇṇo ca

bhogaṁ vuḍḍhī ca yasavā

satavassā ca āyū ca

jīvasiddhī bhavantu te.

Translation (2)

Through the power and splendor of the Triple Gem,

May suffering, sickness, impediments and animosity,

Sorrows, enmity, misfortunes,

And varied dangers be entirely destroyed.

Triumph, success, wealth and gain,

Well-being, fortune, pleasure, strength,

Glory, longevity and beauty, riches, prosperity and fame,

Lifespans that are hundred years and successes in live –

May they be yours!

Grammatical Analysis (2)

ratanattayānubhāvena: (“by the power of the triple gem” [ratanaṃ + taya + ānubhāvena] –

neutr. instr. sg. nominal compound).

ratanattayatejasā: (“by the splendor of the triple gem” [ratanaṃ + taya + tejasā] –

neutr. instr. sg. nominal compound).

dukkharogabhayāverā: (“suffering, sickness, impediments and animosity” – neutr. nom. pl.

nominal compound).

sokā: (“sorrows” – m. n. nom. pl.)

sattu: (“enemy”, “enmity [fits context]” – m. n. nom. sg.)

cupaddavā: (“and misfortunes” [ ca + upaddavā] – m. nom. pl. nominal compound).

anekā: (“varied”, “several”, “many” – m. adj. nom. pl. in agreement with

antarāyā).

antarāyā: (“dangers”, “impediments” – m. n. nom. pl.)

pi: (“also” [oftentimes untranslatable] – conjunctive nipāta).

vinassantu: (“be destroyed” – imp. vb. [of vinassati] third pers. pass. pl.)

asesato: (“without omission”, “entirely” – m. adj. dat. sg. used adverbially).

jayasiddhi: (“victory and success” [jayo + siddhi] – f. nom. sg. nominal compound).

dhanaṁ: (“wealth” – neutr. n. nom. sg.)

lābhaṁ: (“gain” – m. n. nom. sg.)

sotthi: (“well-being” – f. n. nom. sg.)

bhāgyaṁ: (“fortune” – neutr. n. nom. sg.)

sukhaṁ: (“pleasure” – neutr. n. nom. sg.)

balaṁ: (“strength” – neutr. n. nom. sg.)

siri: (“luck”, “glory”, “wealth” – f. n. nom. sg.)

āyu: (“longevity”, “duration of life” – neutr. n. nom. sg.)

ca: (“and” – conjunctive nipāta).

vaṇṇo: (“looks”, “appearance”, “beauty” – m. n. nom. sg.)

bhogaṁ: (“riches”, “possessions” – m. n. nom. sg.)

vuḍḍhī: (“prosperity” – f. n. nom. sg.)

yasavā: (“fame [lit.: ‘possessing fame’]” – m. adj. used substantively).

satavassā: (“hundred years” [sataṃ + vassā] – m. nom. pl. adjectival compound in

agreement with āyu).

āyū: (“durations of life”, “life spans” – neutr. n. nom. pl.)

jīvasiddhī: (“successes [or “accomplishments’, ‘prosperities’] in life” – f. nom. pl.

nominal compound).

bhavantu: (“may they be” – imp. vb. [of bhavati] third pers. act. pl.)

te: (“for you” – second pers. pers. pron. dative. sg.)

Recitation (3)

Pāḷi Text (3)

āyudo balado dhīro,

vaṇṇado paṭibhāṇado.

sukhassa dātā medhāvī,

sukhaṁ so adhigacchati.

āyuṁ datvā balaṁ vaṇṇaṁ,

sukhañca paṭibhānakaṁ.

dīghāyu yasavā hoti,

yattha yatthūpapajjatīti.

Translation (3)

The wise life-giver, strength-giver

Beauty-giver, wit-giver

Wise giver of happiness

Attains happiness.

Having given life, strength and beauty

Pleasure and intelligence

He is long-lived and famous

Wherever he is reborn.

Grammatical Analysis (3)

āyudo: (“the one who gives life” [āyu + do, i.e. root ] – m. n. nom. sg.)

balado: (“the one who gives strength” [āyu + do, i.e. root ] – m. n. nom. sg.)

dhīro: (“the wise one” – m. n. nom. sg.)

vaṇṇado: (“the one who gives beauty” [āyu + do, i.e. root ] – m. n. nom. sg.)

paṭibhāṇado: (“the one who gives intelligence” [āyu + do, i.e. root ] – m. n. nom. sg.)

sukhassa: (“of pleasure” – m. n. gen. sg.)

dātā: (“the giver”, “the one who gives” – m. nom. ag. nom. sg.)

medhāvī: (“who is wise”, “wise” – m. poss. adj. nom. sg. in agreement with dātā).

sukhaṁ: (“pleasure” – m. n. acc. sg.)

so: (“he” – third pers. pers. pron. nom. sg.)

adhigacchati: (“attains” – vb. pres. ind. third pers. act. sg.)

āyuṁ: (“life” – neutr. n. acc. sg.)

datvā: (“having given” – vb. abs.)

balaṁ: (“strength” – neutr. n. acc. sg.)

vaṇṇaṁ: (“looks”, “appearance”, “beauty” – m. n. acc. sg.)

sukhaṃ (sukhaṃ): (“pleasure”– neutr. n. acc. sg.)

ca: (“and” – conjunctive nipāta).

paṭibhānakaṁ: (“intelligence” – neutr. n. acc. sg.)

dīghāyu: (“long-lived” – masc. nom. sg. adjectival compound modifying so).

yasavā: (“famous” – masc. nom. sg. poss. adjective modifying so).

hoti: (“is” – auxiliary vb. pres. ind. third pers. act. sg.)

yattha: (“where” – adv. nipāta).

yatthūpapajjati:[^1] (“where he is reborn” [yattha + upapapajjati + iti]; upapajjati – vb. pres. ind.

[^1]: The reduplication of yattha indicates an indefinite sense “wherever”.

third pers. act. sg.)

Recitation (4)

Pāḷi Text (4)

(a) [sabbabuddhānubhāvena] sabbadhammānubhāvena sabbasaṅghānubhāvena

buddharatanaṁ dhammaratanaṁ saṅgharatanaṁ

tiṇṇaṁ ratanānaṁ ānubhāvena

caturāsītisahassadhammakkhandhānubhāvena

piṭakattayānubhavena

jinasāvakānubhāvena

sabbe te rogā

sabbe te bhayā

sabbe te antarāyā

sabbe te upaddavā

sabbe te dunnimittā

sabbe te avamaṅgalā vinassantu

āyuvaḍḍhako

dhanavaḍḍhako

vaṇṇavaḍḍhako

sukhavaḍḍhako

hotu sabbadā.

(b) dukkharogabhayāverā

sokā sattu cupaddavā

anekā antarāyā pi

vinassantu asesato

jayasiddhi dhanaṁ lābhaṁ

sotthi bhāgyaṁ sukhaṁ balaṁ

siri āyu ca vaṇṇo ca

bhogaṁ vuḍḍhī ca yasavā

satavassā ca āyū ca

jīvasiddhī bhavantu te.

Translation (4)

(a) Through the power of all the Buddhas, the power of all Dhammas [and] the power of all Saṅghas,

The gem of the Buddha, the gem of the Dhamma, the gem of the Saṅgha:

Through the power of the Triple Gem,

The power of the 84,000 Dhamma aggregates,

The power of the tipiṭaka, the power of the Conqueror’s disciples:

May all your illnesses, fears, dangers,

Misfortunes, bad omens and all your bad auspices be destroyed.

May there always be increase in life span, wealth, beauty [and] pleasure.

(b) May suffering, sickness, impediments and animosity,

Sorrows, enmity, misfortunes,

And varied dangers be entirely destroyed.

Triumph, success, wealth and gain,

Well-being, fortune, pleasure, strength,

Glory, longevity and beauty, riches, prosperity and fame,

Lifespans that are hundred years and successes in live –

May they be yours!

Grammatical Analysis (4)

(a)

sabbabuddhānubhāvena: (“by the power of all Buddhas” [sabbe + buddhā + ānubhāvena] – m.

instr. sg. nominal compound).

sabbadhammānubhāvena: (“by the power of all Dhammas” [sabbe + dhammā + ānubhāvena] – m.

instr. sg. nominal compound).

sabbasaṅghānubhāvena: (“by the power of all Saṅghas” [sabbe + saṅghā + ānubhāvena] – m.

instr. sg. nominal compound).

buddharatanaṁ: (“the gem of the Buddha” – [buddho + ratanaṃ] – neutr.

nom. sg. nominal compound).

dhammaratanaṁ: (“the gem of the dhamma” – [dhammo + ratanaṃ] – neutr.

nom. sg. nominal compound).

saṅgharatanaṁ: (“the gem of the saṅgha” – [saṅghaṃ + ratanaṃ] – neutr.

nom. sg. nominal compound).

tiṇṇaṁ: (“three” – neutr. adj. cardinal num. gen. pl. in agreement with

ratanānaṃ).

ratanānaṁ: (“of the gems” – neutr. n. gen. pl.)

ānubhāvena: (“by the power” – m. n. instr. pl.)

caturāsītisahassa-

dhammakkhandhānubhāvena: (“by the power of the 84.000 aggregates of the

dhamma” [catur + asīti + sahassa + dhamma + khanda + ānubhāvena] –

m. instr. sg. nominal compound).

piṭakattayānubhavena: (“by the power of the three piṭakas” [piṭaka + taya +

ānubhāvena] – m. instr. sg. nominal compound).

jinasāvakānubhāvena: (“by the power of the Conquerors disciples” – m.

instr. sg. nominal compound).

sabbe: (“all” – second pers. adj. pron. nom. pl. in agreement with rogā)

te: (“for you”, “of you [i.e. ‘your’]” – second pers. pers. pron. gen. or dat.

sg.)

rogā: (“illnesses” – m. n. nom. pl.)

bhayā: (“fears” – neutr. n. nom. pl.)

antarāyā: (“dangers”, “impediments” – m. n. nom. pl.)

upaddavā: (“misfortunes” – m. n. nom. pl.)

dunnimittā: (“bad omens” – neutr. n. nom. pl.)

avamaṅgalā: (“ill auspices” – neutr. n. nom. pl.)

vinassantu: (“be destroyed” – imp. vb. [of vinassati] third pers. pass. pl.)

āyuvaḍḍhako: (“increase in lifespan” [āyu + vaḍḍhako] – m. nom. sg. nominal

compound).

dhanavaḍḍhako: (“increase of wealth” [dhana + vaḍḍhako] – m. nom. sg. nominal

compound).

vaṇṇavaḍḍhako : (“increase of beauty” [vaṇṇa + vaḍḍhako] – m. nom. sg. nominal

compound).

sukhavaḍḍhako: (“increase of pleasure” [sukha + vaḍḍhako] – m. nom. sg. nominal

compound).

hotu: (“may there be” – auxiliary vb. imp. third pers. act. sg.)

sabbadā: (“always” – adv. nipāta).

(b)

dukkharogabhayāverā: (“suffering, sickness, impediments and animosity” – neutr. nom. pl.

nominal compound).

sokā: (“sorrows” – m. n. nom. pl.)

sattu: (“enemy”, “enmity [fits context]” – m. n. nom. sg.)

cupaddavā: (“and misfortunes” [ ca + upaddavā] – m. nom. pl. nominal compound).

anekā: (“varied”, “several”, “many” – m. adj. nom. pl. in agreement with

antarāyā).

antarāyā: (“dangers”, “impediments” – m. n. nom. pl.)

pi: (“also” [oftentimes untranslatable] – conjunctive nipāta).

vinassantu: (“be destroyed” – imp. vb. [of vinassati] third pers. pass. pl.)

asesato: (“without omission”, “entirely” – m. adj. dat. sg. used adverbially).

jayasiddhi: (“victory and success” [jayo + siddhi] – f. nom. sg. nominal compound).

dhanaṁ: (“wealth” – neutr. n. nom. sg.)

lābhaṁ: (“gain” – m. n. nom. sg.)

sotthi: (“well-being” – f. n. nom. sg.)

bhāgyaṁ: (“fortune” – neutr. n. nom. sg.)

sukhaṁ: (“pleasure” – neutr. n. nom. sg.)

balaṁ: (“strength” – neutr. n. nom. sg.)

siri: (“luck”, “glory”, “wealth” – f. n. nom. sg.)

āyu: (“longevity”, “duration of life” – neutr. n. nom. sg.)

ca: (“and” – conjunctive nipāta).

vaṇṇo: (“looks”, “appearance”, “beauty” – m. n. nom. sg.)

bhogaṁ: (“riches”, “possessions” – m. n. nom. sg.)

vuḍḍhī: (“prosperity” – f. n. nom. sg.)

yasavā: (“fame [lit.: ‘possessing fame’]” – m. adj. used substantively).

satavassā: (“hundred years” [sataṃ + vassā] – m. nom. pl. adjectival compound in

agreement with āyu).

āyū: (“durations of life”, “life spans” – neutr. n. nom. pl.)

jīvasiddhī: (“success [or “accomplishment’, ‘prosperity’] in life” – f. nom. sg.

nominal compound).

bhavantu: (“may they be” – imp. vb. [of bhavati] third pers. act. pl.)

te: (“for you” – second pers. pers. pron. dative. sg.)

Recitation (5)

Pāḷi Text (5)

(a) [aggato ve pasannānaṁ]

aggaṁ dhammaṁ vijānataṁ

agge buddhe pasannānaṁ

dakkhiṇeyye anuttare,

(b) agge dhamme pasannānaṁ

virāgūpasame sukhe

agge saṅghe pasannānaṁ

puññakkhette anuttare.

(c) aggasmiṁ dānaṁ dadataṁ

aggaṁ puññaṁ pavaḍḍhati

aggaṁ āyu ca vaṇṇo ca

yaso kitti sukhaṁ balaṁ.

(d) aggassa dātā medhāvī

aggadhammasamāhito

devabhūto manusso vā

aggappatto pamodatīti. (AN 4, 34)

Translation (5)

(a) Truly, by those who have confidence in the supreme,

The supreme Dhamma is realized –

By those who have confidence in the supreme Buddha,

The one worthy of offerings, unsurpassed,

(b) By those who have confidence in the supreme Dhamma,

Which is pleasantness, dispassionate and calm,

By those who have confidence in the supreme Saṅgha,

Which is the field of merit unsurpassed.

(c) For those who give a gift to the supreme,

Supreme merit grows,

Supreme longevity, beauty,

Fame, glory, pleasantness [and] strength.


(d)
The wise one who gives to the supreme,

Settled in the supreme Dhamma,

Having become a heavenly being or a human,

Rejoices, having attained the supreme.

Grammatical Analysis (5)

(a)

aggato: (“in the highest” – m. n. abl. sg.)

ve: (“indeed”, “truly” – adv. nipāta of emphasis).

pasannānaṁ: (“by those who have confidence” – pp. vb. [of pasīdati] functioning as m.

n. gen. pl.)

aggaṁ: (“supreme” – m. adj. acc. sg. in agreement with dhammaṃ).

dhammaṁ: (“the truth” – m. n. acc. sg.)

vijānataṁ: (“is realized” – pres. part. vb. [of vijānati] in agreement with dhammaṃ).

agge: (“supreme” – m. adj. loc. sg. in agreement with buddhe).

buddhe: (“in the Enlightened One” – m. n. loc. sg.)

pasannānaṁ: (“by those who have confidence” – pp. vb. [of pasīdati] functioning as m.

n. gen. pl.)

dakkhiṇeyye: (“the one worthy of offerings” – fut. pass. part. vb. functioning as m. n. loc.

sg.)

anuttare: (“unsurpassed” – m. adj. loc. sg. in agreement with dakkhiṇeyye).

(b)

agge: (“supreme” – m. adj. loc. sg. in agreement with dhamme).

dhamme: (“in the truth” – m. n. loc. sg.).

pasannānaṁ: (“by those who have confidence” – pp. vb. [of pasīdati] functioning as m.

n. gen. pl.)

virāgūpasame: (“dispassionate and calm” – neutr. adj. loc. sg. adjectival compound

in agreement with sukhe).

sukhe: (“in the pleasantness” – neutr. n. loc. sg.)

saṅghe: (“in the saṅgha” – neutr. n. loc. sg.)

pasannānaṁ: (“by those who have confidence” – pp. vb. [of pasīdati] functioning as m.

n. gen. pl.)

puññakkhette: (“in the field of merit” – m. loc. sg. nominal compound).

anuttare: (“unsurpassed” – m. adj. loc. sg. in agreement with puññakkhette)

(c)

aggasmiṁ: (“to the highest” – m. n. loc. sg. in acc. sense).

dānaṁ: (“a gift” – neutr. n. acc. sg.)

dadataṁ: (“for those who give” – pres. part. vb. [of dadāti] functioning as m. or neutr.

n. dat. pl.)

aggaṁ: (“supreme” – neutr. adj. acc. sg. in agreement with puññaṃ).

puññaṁ: (“merit” – neutr. n. acc. sg.)

pavaḍḍhati: (“grows”, “increases” – vb. third pers. act. sg.)

aggaṁ: (“supreme” – m. adj. nom. sg. in agreement with ayu and also modifying vanno).

āyu: (“longevity”, “life span” – neutr. n. nom. sg.)

vaṇṇo: (“looks”, “appearance”, “beauty” – m. n. nom. sg.)

yaso: (“fame” – m. n. nom. sg.)

kitti: (“renown”, “reputation”, “glory” – f. n. nom. sg.)

sukhaṁ: (“pleasantness”, “pleasure” – neutr. n. nom. sg.)

balaṁ: (“strength” – neutr. n. nom. sg.)

(d)

aggassa: (“to the highest” – m. n. dat. sg.)

dātā: (“the giver”, “the one who gives” – m. nom. ag. nom. sg.)

medhāvī: (“who is wise”, “wise” – m. poss. adj. nom. sg. in agreement with dātā).

aggadhammasamāhito: (“who is settled in the highest dhamma” – m. nom. sg. nominal compound in

agreement with dātā).

devabhūto: (“having become a deity” – m. nom. sg. adjectival compound in agreement with

dātā; bhūta in the sense of a gerund).

manusso: (“a human” – m. n. nom. sg.)

: (“or” conjunctive nipāta).

aggappatto: (“having reached the highest” m. nom. sg. adjectival compound in agreement

with dātā; patta in the sense of a gerund).

pamodati: (“he rejoices” – vb. third pers. act. sg.)