| pali | pos | meaning | root | construction | pattern | cl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| attha 2.1 | masc | need (for); want (for) | √atth 8 *aya (wish for) | √atth + a | a masc | 2 |
| saṅkhāra 1 | masc | intention; volitional formation; choice; karmic activity | √kar 7 o (do, make) | saṃ + √kar > khār + *a | a masc | 2 |
| loma 1 | masc | body hair | a masc | 2 | ||
| loka 1 | masc | world; universe; cosmos | √lok 8 *e (look) | √lok + a | a masc | 2 |
| rukkha 1 | masc | tree | a masc | 2 | ||
| moha 1 | masc | illusion; delusion; misapprehension | √muh 3 ya (be deluded, be confused) | √muh > moh + *a | a masc | 2 |
| māra | masc | death; Death; death personified | √mar 1 a (die) | √mar > mār + *a | a masc | 2 |
| manussa | masc | human being; man; person | manu + ssa | a masc | 2 | |
| bheda 2 | masc | death | √bhid 2 ṃa (break, split) | √bhid > bhed + *a | a masc | 2 |
| bhava 2 | masc | being; becoming; existence | √bhū 1 a (be, become) | √bhū > bhav + *a | a masc | 2 |
| brāhmaṇa 2 | masc | arahant; awakened being; saint; paragon | √brah 1 a (increase) | √brah > brāh + ma + *aṇa | a masc | 2 |
| brāhmaṇa 1 | masc | Brahman; priest; man of the Brahman caste | √brah 1 a (increase) | √brah > brāh + ma + *aṇa | a masc | 2 |
| bāla 2 | masc | fool; idiot; immature person | a masc east | 2 | ||
| phassa 1 | masc | sense contact; sense impingement; sense impression; sense experience | √phus 1 a (touch) | √phus > phass + a | a masc | 2 |
| pāda 1 | masc | foot | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | √pad > pād + *a | a masc | 2 |
| parideva | masc | lamentation; wailing; crying | √dev 1 a (lament) | pari + √dev + a | a masc | 2 |
| saṅkhāra 3 | masc | mental formation; mental activity; thought processes; fourth of the five aggregates | √kar 7 o (do, make) | saṃ + √kar > khār + *a | a masc | 2 |
| papañca | masc | various opinions; proliferation; endless conceptualization | √pañc 8 *e (expand, spread) | pa + √pañc + a | a masc | 2 |
| saṅgha 1 | masc | community; fellowship; monastic order | √ghaṭ 1 a (join together) | saṃ + √ghaṭ + a | a masc | 2 |
| samatikkama | masc | surpassing (of); overcoming (of); going beyond; transcendence | √kam 1 a (go) | saṃ + ati + √kam + a | a masc | 2 |
| hattha 1 | masc | hand | a masc | 2 | ||
| vūpasama 1 | masc | peace (of); calming (of); subsiding (of); settling (of) | √sam 3 ya (be calm, be tired) | vi + upa + √sam + a | a masc | 2 |
| viveka 1 | masc | seclusion; solitude; detachment; disengagement; independence | √vic 1 a (separate) | vi + √vic > vec > vek + *a | a masc | 2 |
| visesa 1 | masc | distinction; attainment; superior state; eminence | √sis 8 *e (remain, distinguish) | vi + √sis > ses + *a | a masc | 2 |
| virāga 2.1 | masc | fading (of); disappearance (of); cessation (of); destruction (of) | √raj 1 a (colour) | vi + √raj > rag > rāg + *a | a masc | 2 |
| vipāka 1 | masc | (of an action) result; outcome; consequence; fruit | √pac 1 a (cook, mature, ripen) | vi + √pac > pāk + *a | a masc | 2 |
| vinipāta | masc | state of suffering; purgatory; underworld | √pat 1 a (fall) | vi + ni + √pat > pāt + *a | a masc | 2 |
| vinaya 1 | masc | discipline; training | √nī 1 a (lead, carry) | vi + √nī > nay + *a | a masc | 2 |
| vitakka 1 | masc | thought; reflection; pondering | √takk 8 *e (think) | vi + √takk + a | a masc | 2 |
| soka | masc | grief; sorrow; sadness (over) | √suc 1 *a (grieve) | √suc > suk > sok + *a | a masc | 2 |
| sekha 1 | masc | trainee; apprentice; learner; initiate; (comm) seven stages of a noble person before arahantship | √sikkh 1 a (learn, train) | √sikkh > sekh + *a | a masc | 2 |
| sugata 2 | masc | Accomplished One; Fortunate One; epithet of the Buddha | √gam 1 a (go) | su + √gam + ta | a masc | 2 |
| sīha 1 | masc | lion | a masc | 2 | ||
| sāvaka | masc | disciple; pupil; follower | √su 4 ṇā (hear) | √su > sāv + *aka | a masc | 2 |
| samaya 1.1 | masc | time; occasion | √i 1 a (come, go) | saṃ + √i > ay + *a | a masc | 2 |
| samaṇa 1 | masc | ascetic; renunciant; holy man; monk; recluse | √sam 3 ya (exert, strive) | √sam + aṇa | a masc | 2 |
| adhigama 2 | masc | attainment; achievement; realization (of) | √gam 1 a (go) | adhi + √gam + a | a masc | 2 |
| patta 1.1 | masc | bowl; alms bowl; begging bowl | √pā 1 a (drink) | √pā + ta | a masc | 2 |
| nīvaraṇa 1 | masc | obstacle; obstruction; barrier; hindrance | √var 1 a (cover, dress, restrain) | ni > nī + √var + *aṇa | a masc | 2 |
| khandha 3 | masc | aggregate; combination; conglomeration; bundle | √khandh 8 *e (collect, accumulate) | √khandh + a | a masc | 2 |
| kesa 1 | masc | (head) hair | a masc | 2 | ||
| kāya 1.1 | masc | body; physical body; physical process | √ci 5 nā (gather, accumulate) | √ci > ki > kay + *a | a masc | 2 |
| kāma 3 | masc | sense desire (of); sensual pleasure (of) | √kam 8 *e (desire) | √kam > kām + *a | a masc | 2 |
| kassapa 1 | masc | name of the 1st previous Buddha | a masc | 2 | ||
| uppāda 1.1 | masc | arising (of); appearance (of); coming into being (of) | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | ud + √pad > pād + *a | a masc | 2 |
| uposatha 1 | masc | full moon or new moon observance day | √vas 1 a (live) | upa + √vas + a + tha | a masc | 2 |
| upāsaka | masc | lay disciple; lay devotee | √ās 1 a (sit) | upa + √ās + aka | a masc | 2 |
| upāyāsa 1 | masc | affliction; difficulty; trouble; despair | √yas 3 ya (strive, struggle) | upa + ā + √yas > yās + *a | a masc | 2 |
| upajjhāya | masc | preceptor; teacher; mentor | √i 1 a (study, recite) | upa + adhi > adhy > ajjh + √i > āy + *a | a masc | 2 |
| āvāsa 1 | masc | home (of); dwelling place (of); residence (of) | √vas 1 a (live) | ā + √vas > vās + *a | a masc | 2 |
| āsava 1.2 | masc | discharge; suppuration; outflow; effluent; (comm) defilement | √su 1 a (flow) | ā + √su > sav + *a | a masc | 2 |
| ācariya 1 | masc | teacher; religious leader | √car 1 a (act, behave) | ā + √car + iya | a masc | 2 |
| ākāsa 1.2 | masc | sky; air | √kās 1 a (shine, be visible) | ā + √kās + a | a masc | 2 |
| anusaya | masc | underlying tendency (to); inherent inclination (to); dormant disposition (towards); propensity (to) | √sī 1 a (lie, sleep) | anu + √sī > say + *a | a masc | 2 |
| khaya | masc | wearing away (of); exhaustion (of); erosion (of); depletion (of); destruction (of) | √khī 1 a (exhaust, destroy) | √khī > khay + *a | a masc | 2 |
| paṭinissagga | masc | giving up (of); relinquishing (of); dropping (of); abandoning (of) | √sajj 1 a (relinquish, let loose) | pati + nī + √sajj > sagg + a | a masc | 2 |
| gabbha 3 | masc | room; inside room; inner chamber | a masc | 2 | ||
| gotama 1 | masc | family name of the Buddha | gotama + a | a masc | 2 | |
| nissaya 1 | masc | dependency; physical support; reliance; something one depends on | √si 1 a (depend on, associate with) | ni + √si > say + *a | a masc | 2 |
| nirodha | masc | ending (of); cessation (of); termination (of); finishing (of) | √rudh 2 ṃa (obstruct) | ni + √rudh > rodh + *a | a masc | 2 |
| nara | masc | man; person | a masc | 2 | ||
| nakha 1 | masc | fingernail; toenail | a masc | 2 | ||
| dhamma 1.09 | masc | law; case; rule; legal process | √dhar 1 a (hold, carry, endure) | √dhar + ma | a masc | 2 |
| dhamma 1.05 | masc | mental states | √dhar 1 a (hold, carry, endure) | √dhar + ma | a masc | 2 |
| dhamma 1.03 | masc | teaching; discourse; doctrine | √dhar 1 a (hold, carry, endure) | √dhar + ma | a masc | 2 |
| dhamma 1.02 | masc | quality; characteristic; trait; inherent quality | √dhar 1 a (hold, carry, endure) | √dhar + ma | a masc | 2 |
| deva 1 | masc | deity; god | √div 3 ya (shine) | √div > dev + *a | a masc | 2 |
| danta 1.1 | masc | tooth | a masc | 2 | ||
| thera 1.2 | masc | elder; senior monk; monastic of ten or more years standing | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | √ṭhā > thā + ira > thera | a masc | 2 |
| ñāya | masc | way; means; method; system | √i 1 a (come, go) | nī > ny > ñ + √i > ay + *a | a masc | 2 |
| chanda 1 | masc | interest (in); desire (for); wish (for); intention (to); impulse (for) | √chand 8 *e (desire, please) | √chand + a | a masc | 2 |
| cāga 2 | masc | generosity; sharing; liberality | √caj 1 a (give up, let go) | √caj > cāg + *a | a masc | 2 |
| cāga 1 | masc | giving up; relinquishing; abandoning | √caj 1 a (give up, let go) | √caj > cāg + *a | a masc | 2 |
| gāma 1 | masc | village; hamlet | a masc | 2 | ||
| ābādha 2 | masc | affliction; oppression; suffering | √bādh 1 a (press, oppress) | ā + √bādh + a | a masc | 2 |
| pali | pos | meaning | root | construction | pattern | cl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| attha 1.1 | masc | meaning; sense; significance | √ar 1 a (move, attain) | √ar + tha | a masc | 2 |
| putta 1 | masc | son; child | a masc | 2 | ||
| pātimokkha 2 | masc | (vinaya) precepts for Buddhist monastics | √mokkh 1 a (be freed) | pa + ati + √mokkh + a | a masc | 2 |
| vibhaṅga 1 | masc | analysis; classification; breakdown | √bhañj 1 a (break, destroy) | vi + √bhañj > bhaṅg + a | a masc | 2 |
| māṇava 1 | masc | young man; young gentleman; young Brahman | manu > māṇav + *a | a masc | 2 | |
| rasa 1 | masc | taste; flavour | √ras 1 a (taste) | √ras + a | a masc | 2 |
| puggala | masc | person; individual | a masc | 2 | ||
| upasama 1 | masc | calmness (of); tranquillisation (of); stillness (of); peace (of) | √sam 3 ya (be calm, be tired) | upa + √sam + a | a masc | 2 |
| samatha 1.1 | masc | stilling (of); serenity (of); calming (of); settling (of); peace (of); (comm) mental unification | √sam 3 ya (be calm, be tired) | √sam + a + tha | a masc | 2 |
| sambodha | masc | full awakening; perfect understanding; enlightenment | √budh 3 ya (know, wake up) | saṃ + √budh > bodh + *a | a masc | 2 |
| pariyāya 5 | masc | way; nature; habit; property; quality | √i 1 a (come, go) | pari + [y] + √i > āy + *a | a masc | 2 |
| ānanda 2 | masc | name of an arahant monk; attendant of the Buddha; great disciple of the Buddha; foremost disciple in great learning, remembrance, conduct, resoluteness and service | √nand 1 a (delight, enjoy) | ā + √nand + a | a masc | 2 |
| saṃvara 1 | masc | control restraint; holding back (according to) | √var 1 a (cover, dress, restrain) | saṃ + √var + a | a masc | 2 |
| parikkhāra 1 | masc | requisite; requirement; necessity | √kar 7 o (do, make) | pari + √kar > khār + *a | a masc | 2 |
| patha 2 | masc | range; mode; way | √path 1 a (go, move) | √path + a | a masc | 2 |
| uddesa 1 | masc | proposition; synopsis; statement in brief; summary; introduction | √dis 1 a (point out, explain) | ud + √dis > des + *a | a masc | 2 |
| daṇḍa 1 | masc | stick; truncheon; nightstick; club | a masc | 2 | ||
| passati 1 | pr | sees | √dis 1 a (see) | passa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| pāpuṇāti 1 | pr | reaches; arrives (at); comes (to) | √ap 4 uṇā (reach, attain) | pa + apuṇā + ti | āti pr | 3 |
| bhuñjati 1 | pr | eats; consumes | √bhuj 2 ṃa (use, eat, enjoy) | bhuñja + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| bhāsati 1.1 | pr | speaks (about); talks (about); says | √bhās 1 a (speak) | bhāsa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| labhati 1 | pr | gets; receives; obtains (something for someone) | √labh 1 a (get) | labha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| saṃvattati | pr | leads (to); results (in); causes | √vatt 1 a (be, proceed) | saṃ + vatta + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| suṇāti 1 | pr | hears | √su 4 ṇā (hear) | suṇā + ti | āti pr | 3 |
| vadati 1 | pr | says (to); speaks (to); tells (to) | √vad 1 a (say, speak) | vada + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| pucchati | pr | asks; enquires; questions (somebody about something) | √pucch 1 a (ask, question) | puccha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| paṭisevati 2 | pr | uses; makes use (of) | √sev 1 a (serve, associate) | pati + seva + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| paṭibhāti | pr | comes to mind; occurs (to); inspires (someone to) | √bhā 1 a (shine, speak) | pati + bhā + ti | āti pr | 3 |
| paṭilabhati 1 | pr | obtains; gets; receives; personally experiences | √labh 1 a (get) | pati + labha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| anussarati 1.1 | pr | remembers; recollects; bears in mind | √sar 1 a (remember) | anu + sara + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| abhivaḍḍhati | pr | increases more and more; surpasses; outgrows | √vaḍḍh 1 a (grow, increase) | abhi + vaḍḍha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| ājānāti 1 | pr | knows; understands | √ñā 5 nā (know) | ā + jānā + ti | āti pr | 3 |
| āmantayati 1 | pr | tells; informs; advises | √mant 8 *aya (counsel, invite) | ā + mantaya + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| uddisati 1 | pr | recites; chants | √dis 1 a (point out, explain) | ud + disa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| uppajjati 1 | pr | appears; arises; occurs; takes place (for) | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | ud + pajja + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| karoti 1 | pr | does; acts; performs | √kar 7 o (do, make) | karo + ti | karoti pr | 3 |
| khādati | pr | chews; devours; eats | √khād 1 a (chew) | khāda + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| gacchati 1 | pr | goes; walks; moves; wanders around; travels | √gam 1 a (go) | gaccha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| paṭisaṃvedeti | pr | personally experiences; undergoes; feels | √vid 8 *e (know, sense, feel) | pati + saṃ + vede + ti | eti pr | 3 |
| carati 1.1 | pr | walks; wanders; goes around; travels; fares on | √car 1 a (move, walk) | cara + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| jināti 2 | pr | surpasses; beats; wins (over) | √ji 5 nā (conquer) | jinā + ti | āti pr | 3 |
| tasati 1.1 | pr | is afraid (of); fears | √tas 1 a (tremble, fear) | tasa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| tiṭṭhati 3 | pr | remains; persists; lasts | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | tiṭṭha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| deti 1 | pr | gives (to); donates (to); offers (to); hands (to) | √dā 1 a (give) | de + ti | eti pr | 3 |
| dhāreti 3 | pr | bears in mind; keeps in mind; remembers | √dhar 8 *e (wear, hold, carry) | dhāre + ti | eti pr | 3 |
| pakkamati 1 | pr | goes (from); goes away (from); leaves (from) | √kam 1 a (go) | pa + kama + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| pajahati | pr | gives up; abandons; lets go (of); releases | √hā 1 a (abandon) | pa + jaha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| paṭiggaṇhāti 1 | pr | takes; accepts; receives | √gah 6 ṇhā (grasp) | pati + gaṇhā + ti | āti pr | 3 |
| paṭiggaheti | pr | takes; accepts; receives | √gah 6 ṇhā (grasp) | pati + gahe + ti | eti pr | 3 |
| ceteti 2 | pr | intends; wills (to) | √cit 8 *e (think, intend) | cete + ti | eti pr | 3 |
| viharati 1 | pr | lives (in); dwells (in); stays (in) | √har 1 a (live) | vi + hara + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| pali | pos | meaning | root | construction | pattern | cl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| kāraka 2 | masc | builder | √kar 7 o (do, make) | √kar > kār + *aka | a masc | 2 |
| mugga | masc | mung beans | √mud 1 a (be soft, be happy) | √mud > mug + ga | a masc | 2 |
| pessaka 1 | masc | messenger | √pis 8 ya (send) | √pis > pes + *ya + ka | a masc | 2 |
| paribbājaka | masc | homeless spiritual seeker; wandering ascetic | √vaj 1 a (go on) | pari + √vaj > baj > bāj + *aka | a masc | 2 |
| rāga 1.1 | masc | desire (for); passion (for); infatuation (with); lust (for) | √raj 3 ya (desire) | √raj > rag > rāg + *a | a masc | 2 |
| rāhula | masc | name of an arahant monk; Buddha's son | a masc | 2 | ||
| dhaja 1 | masc | flag; banner | √dhaj 1 a (move, flap) | √dhaj + a | a masc | 2 |
| dosa 1.1 | masc | aversion; ill-will; hate; hatred | √dus 3 ya (hate, dislike) | √dus > dos + *a | a masc | 2 |
| taṇḍula 1 | masc | dehusked rice; (comm) grain from grass | a masc | 2 | ||
| cora | masc | thief; robber | √cur 8 *e (steal) | √cur > cor + *a | a masc | 2 |
| khandha 1 | masc | mass; heap; pile; volume; aggregation | √khandh 8 *e (collect, accumulate) | √khandh + a | a masc | 2 |
| khattiya 2 | masc | man of the ruling caste; high caste man; nobleman | a masc | 2 | ||
| magga 2 | masc | way; means; method | √magg 8 *e (seek, search) | √magg + a | a masc | 2 |
| kassaka | masc | farmer; ploughman | √kass 1 a (drag, draw along) | √kass + aka | a masc | 2 |
| loka 2 | masc | world; plane of existence | √lok 8 *e (look) | √lok + a | a masc | 2 |
| samudaya 1 | masc | source; origination; appearance (of) | √i 1 a (come, go) | saṃ + ud + √i > ay + *a | a masc | 2 |
| māsa 2.1 | masc | bean | a masc | 2 | ||
| vāṇija | masc | trader; dealer; merchant | vaṇija > vāṇija + *a | a masc | 2 | |
| saṃvara 2 | masc | control (over); restraint (of); holding back (of) | √var 1 a (cover, dress, restrain) | saṃ + √var + a | a masc | 2 |
| āloka | masc | light; brightness; clarity | √lok 8 *e (look) | ā + √lok + a | a masc | 2 |
| sippika 1.1 | masc | craftsman; artisan | sippa + ika | a masc | 2 | |
| sota 1.1 | masc | stream; river; current | √su 1 a (flow) | √su > so + *ta | a masc | 2 |
| bhaṇati 1 | pr | speaks; says; tells | √bhaṇ 1 a (talk, speak) | bhaṇa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| rakkhati 1 | pr | protects; watches over; guards (something against something) | √rakkh 1 a (protect) | rakkha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| panūdati | pr | dispels; drives out; rejects; pushes away | √nud 1 a (drive out, reject) | pa + nūda + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| paṭipajjati 2 | pr | practices; follows a course of action; follows a method | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | pati + pajja + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| paṭijānāti 4 | pr | makes the claim (of); claims (to be); supposes ones is | √ñā 5 nā (know) | pati + jānā + ti | āti pr | 3 |
| anuyuñjati 2 | pr | indulges (in); is addicted (to) | √yuj 2 ṃa (yoke, join) | anu + yuñja + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| paggaṇhāti 2 | pr | holds out; raises up | √gah 6 ṇhā (grasp) | pa + gaṇhā + ti | āti pr | 3 |
| chindati 5 | pr | cuts across; breasts; fords | √chid 2 ṃa (cut, steal) | chinda + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| nibbindati 1 | pr | is dis-enchanted (with); is disinterested (in); is disillusioned (by); loses interest (in); is dispassionate (towards) | √vid 2 ṃa (feel, like) | nī + binda + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| abhisaṅkharoti 2 | pr | does; performs | √kar 7 o (do, make) | abhi + saṃ + kharo + ti | oti pr | 3 |
| āpajjati 2 | pr | arouses; exhibits; produces; brings into being | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | ā + pajja + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| kappati | pr | it is suitable (for); it is proper (for); it is fitting (for); it is allowable | √kapp 1 a (be fit, be suitable) | kappa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| upapajjati 1 | pr | is reborn (in); re-arises (in) | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | upa + pajja + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| suṇātu | imp | one must listen!; it must hear! | √su 4 ṇā (hear) | suṇā + tu | āti pr | 4 |
| sāli | masc | fine rice | i masc | 4 | ||
| vīhi | masc | rice paddy; Oryza sativa | i masc | 4 | ||
| sammodi | aor | greeted; exchanged pleasantries; had a friendly conversation (with) | √mud 1 *a (be soft, be happy) | saṃ + moda + i | i aor | 4 |
| hoti 1 | pr | is; becomes | √hū 1 a (be) | ho + ti | hoti pr | 4 |
| muni 1 | masc | monk; sage; seer; hermit; silent sage | √mun 5 nā (think, know) | √mun + i | i masc | 4 |
| hotha | imp | may you all be!; you all must be!; I pray you all may be! | √hū 1 a (be) | ho + tha | hoti pr | 4 |
| samādhi 1 | masc | perfect peace of mind; stability of mind; stillness of mind; mental composure | √dhā 1 a (place, support) | saṃ + ā + √dhā + i | i masc | 4 |
| agacchi | aor | went; travelled (to) | √gam 1 a (go) | a + gaccha + i | i aor issaṃ | 4 |
| byākāsi 1 | aor | answered; replied | √kar 7 o (do, make) | vi > vy > by + ā + √kar > kā + si | āsi aor | 4 |
| aggi | masc | fire | √agg 1 a (move crookedly) | √agg + i | i masc | 4 |
| aṭṭhāsi 1 | aor | stood; stayed; remained | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | a + √ṭhā + si | āsi aor | 4 |
| atthi 1.1 | pr | there is; there exists | √as 1 a (be) | √as + ti > atthi | atthi pr | 4 |
| apucchi | aor | asked; enquired (somebody about something) | √pucch 1 a (ask, question) | a + √pucch + i | i aor isuṃ | 4 |
| abhāsi 1 | aor | spoke; said | √bhā 1 a (shine, speak) | a + √bhā + si | i aor isuṃ | 4 |
| abhinandi 1 | aor | delighted (in); was pleased (with); approved (of); was happy (with); relished | √nand 1 a (delight, enjoy) | abhi + √nand + i | i aor | 4 |
| āmantesi | aor | addressed; said (to); advised | √mant 8 *e (counsel, invite) | ā + mante + si | esi aor | 4 |
| byādhi | masc | sickness; disease; illness | √dhā 1 a (place, support) | vi > vy > by + ā + √dhā + i | i masc | 4 |
| āsi 1.1 | aor | was | √as 1 a (be) | a + √as + i | āsi aor irreg | 4 |
| udapādi 1 | aor | arose (for); sprung up (for) | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | ud + a + √pad + i | i aor | 4 |
| upasaṅkami | aor | approached; drew near; went (to) | √kam 1 a (go) | upa + saṃ + √kam + i | i aor | 4 |
| ehi | imp | come! | √i 1 a (come, go) | e + hi | eti pr 2 | 4 |
| karohi | imp | do!; make! | √kar 7 o (do, make) | karo + hi | karoti pr | 4 |
| nisīdi | aor | sat (on); sat down (in) | √sad 1 a (sink, sit, settle) | ni + sīda + i | i aor isuṃ | 4 |
| hontu | imp | may they be!; they must be! | √hū 1 a (be) | ho + ntu | hoti pr | 4 |
| passa 2.1 | imp | see!; look (at)! | √dis 1 a (see) | passa + a | ati pr | 4 |
| isi | masc | seer; sage | i masc | 4 | ||
| paccassosi | aor | replied (to); agreed (with); assented (to) | √su 4 ṇā (hear) | pati > paty > pacc + a + so + si | i aor | 4 |
| pali | pos | meaning | root | construction | pattern | cl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| akkosa | masc | verbal abuse; insult; name calling | √kus 1 *a (call, insult) | ā + √kus > kos + *a | a masc | 2 |
| taca 1 | masc | (of a humna) skin | a masc | 2 | ||
| dava 1.1 | masc | fun; joke; play; sport; pleasure | √dū 1 a (go, run) | √dū > dav + *a | a masc | 2 |
| kāra 1 | masc | deed; action; service | √kar 7 o (do, make) | √kar > kār + *a | a masc | 2 |
| pañha 2 | masc | question; enquiry | √pañh 1 a (ask, question) | √pañh + a | a masc | 2 |
| ājīva | masc | livelihood; mode of living; way of life; way of earning a living | √jīv 1 a (live) | ā + √jīv + a | a masc | 2 |
| mada 1 | masc | excess; pleasure; indulgence | √mad 3 ya (be mad, be intoxicated) | √mad + a | a masc | 2 |
| abhisamaya | masc | complete comprehension (of); total understanding (of); completely getting (of); breakthrough (to) | √i 1 a (come, go) | abhi + saṃ + √i > ay + *a | a masc | 2 |
| pamāda 1 | masc | carelessness; negligence; heedlessness | √mad 3 ya (be mad, be intoxicated) | pa + √mad > mād + *a | a masc | 2 |
| sakuṇa | masc | bird | a masc | 2 | ||
| vasa 1.2 | masc | control (over); authority (over); power (over); mastery (over) | √vas 1 a (want, control) | √vas + a | a masc | 2 |
| samudda | masc | sea; ocean | √ud 2 ṃa (be wet) | saṃ + √ud + ra | a masc | 2 |
| yācati 1 | pr | asks; requests; begs (someone for something) | √yāc 1 a (beg) | yāca + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| jināti 1 | pr | conquers; overcomes; defeats | √ji 5 nā (conquer) | jinā + ti | āti pr | 3 |
| sobhati 2 | pr | looks beautiful (in) | √subh 1 *a (shine, adorn) | sobha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| vedeti 1 | pr | feels; experiences; senses | √vid 8 *e (know, sense, feel) | vede + ti | eti pr | 3 |
| neti 1.1 | pr | leads; carries away; takes away | √nī 1 a (lead, carry) | ne + ti | eti pr | 3 |
| khaṇati | pr | digs; digs up; uproots | √khaṇ 1 a (dig) | khaṇa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| sikkhati 2 | pr | trains (in); trains (for the purpose of); practices (for the sake of); practice (to) | √sikkh 1 a (learn, train) | sikkha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| abhiramati | pr | enjoys; delights (in); takes pleasure (in) | √ram 1 a (delight, please) | abhi + rama + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| okirati | pr | sprinkles; scatters down (onto) | √kir 1 a (scatter, sprinkle) | ava + kira + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| upasaṅkamati | pr | approaches; goes (to); visits | √kam 1 a (go) | upa + saṃ + kama + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| jhāyati 1.2 | pr | meditates; contemplates | √jhā 3 ya (think, meditate) | jhāya + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| ḍeti | pr | flies; flies up | √ḍi 1 a (fly) | ḍe + ti | eti pr | 3 |
| paridevi | aor | mourned; lamented; wailed | √dev 1 a (lament) | pari + √dev + i | i aor | 4 |
| pucchi | aor | asked; enquired; questioned (somebody about something) | √pucch 1 a (ask, question) | √pucch + i | i aor | 4 |
| soci | aor | grieved; was sad | √suc 1 *a (grieve) | soca + i | i aor | 4 |
| hotu 1 | imp | may it be (for)! | √hū 1 a (be) | ho + tu | hoti pr | 4 |
| gāmaṇi | masc | chief; chieftain; headman; leader | gāma + aṇi | i masc | 4 | |
| ajesi | aor | conquered; defeated | √ji 1 a (conquer) | a + je + si | esi aor | 4 |
| attha 4.2 | imp | you (all) must be; may you (all) be | √as 1 a (be) | √as + tha > attha | atthi pr | 4 |
| gaccha 1 | imp | go!; begone!; away with you! | √gam 1 a (go) | gaccha + a | ati pr | 4 |
| ahosi | aor | was; existed; became | √hū 1 a (be) | a + ho + si | hosi aor | 4 |
| ñāti | masc | family; relative; kinsman | √ñā 5 nā (know) | √ñā + ti | i masc | 4 |
| mā 1.1 | ind | do not; may one not; don't let | 5 | |||
| yasassī 1 | adj | famous; renowned; illustrious; celebrated | yasas + sī | ī adj | 5 | |
| abyāpāda | masc | goodwill; kindness; friendliness; benevolence | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | na > a + vi > vy > by + ā + √pad > pād + *a | a masc | 5 |
| anupassī 1 | adj | looking (at); observing; following; noticing; witnessing; watching | √dis 1 a (see) | anu + passa + ī | ī adj | 5 |
| saddhiṃ | ind | together (with); with | 5 | |||
| saha 1.2 | ind | with; together (with); accompanied (by) | 5 | |||
| anāgāmī | adj | who does not return; non-returning | √gam 1 a (go) | na > an + ā + √gam > gām + *ī | ī adj | 5 |
| adhamma 2 | masc | false teaching; something opposed to the teaching | √dhar 1 a (hold, carry, endure) | na > a + √dhar + ma | a masc | 5 |
| vādī 1 | adj | speaking; saying; telling | √vad 1 a (say, speak) | √vad > vād + *ī | ī adj | 5 |
| vippaṭisārī | adj | remorseful; regretful; repentant; sorry | √sar 1 a (remember) | vi + pati + √sar > sār + *ī | ī adj | 5 |
| virāga 1.1 | masc | fading of desire (for); dispassion (towards); detachment (from); indifference (to) | √raj 3 ya (desire) | vi + √raj > rag > rāg + *a | a masc | 5 |
| anālaya 1 | masc | non-clinging; non-attachment; non-reliance; unstuck; epithet of Nibbāna | √lī 3 ya (stick, hide) | na > an + ā + √lī > lay + *a | a masc | 5 |
| asura | masc | titan; anti-god; enemy of the devas | √sur 1 a (shine, be supreme) | na > a + √sur + a | a masc | 5 |
| bhavissati 1 | fut | could be; should be | √bhū 1 a (be, become) | bhavissa + ti | issati fut | 5 |
| byākarissati | fut | will explain; will define; will describe | √kar 7 o (do, make) | vi > vy > by + ā + karissa + ti | oti pr | 5 |
| assasissati | fut | will breathe in; will inhale | √sas 1 a (breath) | ā + sasissa + ti | issati fut | 5 |
| passasissati | fut | will exhale; will breathe out | √sas 1 a (breath) | pa + sasissa + ti | ati pr | 5 |
| ahaṃ | pron | I | ahaṃ pron | 5 | ||
| paṭisaṃvedī | adj | experiencing; feeling; sensitive to | √vid 8 *e (know, sense, feel) | pati + saṃ + √vid > ved + *ī | ī adj | 5 |
| ottappī | adj | afraid of wrong; conscientious | √tapp 1 a (regret) | ud > od + √tapp + *ī | ī adj | 5 |
| pakkhī | masc | bird | pakkha + ī | ī masc | 5 | |
| no 1.1 | ind | no; not | na + u > no | 5 | ||
| neva 1 | sandhi | neither; not | na + eva | 5 | ||
| niraya | masc | hell; hell realm | √i 1 a (come, go) | nir + √i > ay + *a | a masc | 5 |
| nābhijānāti 1 | pr | does not know; does not understand | √ñā 5 nā (know) | na + abhi + jānā + ti | āti pr | 5 |
| gamissati 1 | fut | will go | √gam 1 a (go) | √gam + issa + ti | issati fut | 5 |
| dhāressati | fut | will bear in mind; will keep in mind; will remembers | √dhar 8 *e (wear, hold, carry) | dhāre + ssa + ti | eti pr | 5 |
| gavesī 1 | adj | seeking; searching for; looking for | √gaves 1 a (seek, search) | √gaves + ī | ī adj | 5 |
| bhogī 1.1 | adj | enjoying; using; experiencing; partaking in | √bhuj 2 ṃa (use, eat, enjoy) | √bhuj > bhoj > bhog + *a + ī | ī adj | 5 |
| na 1 | ind | no; not; neither; nor | 5 |
| pali | pos | meaning | root | construction | pattern | cl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dāra | masc | wife | a masc | 2 | ||
| māna 1.1 | masc | pride; conceit; egotism; superiority; comparing oneself | √man 3 ya (think) | √man > mān + *a | a masc | 2 |
| balibadda | masc | ox; bull | a masc | 2 | ||
| vikappa 1.1 | masc | alteration (to); improvement (to); distinction (regarding) | √kapp 1 a (be fit, be suitable) | vi + √kapp + a | a masc | 2 |
| satta 2.1 | masc | being; living being; creature | √as 1 a (be) | sa + tta | a masc | 2 |
| purisa 1 | masc | man; male; person | a masc | 2 | ||
| saṅgara 1 | masc | dealing; bargaining; negotiating; transacting | √gir 1 a (call, speak) | saṃ + √gir > gar + a | a masc | 2 |
| saṅgaha 1 | masc | support (of); maintenance (of); looking after | √gah 6 ṇhā (grasp) | saṃ + √gah + a | a masc | 2 |
| dhamma 1.06 | masc | matter; thing; phenomena | √dhar 1 a (hold, carry, endure) | √dhar + ma | a masc | 2 |
| upassaya 1 | masc | dwelling; shelter; home; residence | √si 1 a (depend on, associate with) | upa + √si > say + *a | a masc | 2 |
| kāya 1.2 | masc | group; host; company; collection; multitude; mass | √ci 5 nā (gather, accumulate) | √ci > ki > kay + *a | a masc | 2 |
| paṇḍita 2 | masc | sage; intelligent person; wise man; smart person | a masc east | 2 | ||
| pariṇāyaka 2 | masc | leader; who shows the way | √nī 1 a (lead, carry) | pari + √nī > ṇāy + *aka | a masc | 2 |
| nisīdati | pr | sits (on); sits down (in) | √sad 1 a (sink, sit, settle) | ni + sīda + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| acchādeti 1.1 | pr | dresses; clothes; give clothes (to) | √chad 8 *e (cover, conceal) | ā + chāde + ti | eti pr | 3 |
| passati 2 | pr | understands; gets | √dis 1 a (see) | passa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| pūjeti 1 | pr | reveres; honours; respects | √pūj 8 *e (honour, venerate) | pūje + ti | eti pr | 3 |
| bhajati 1.1 | pr | associates (with); keeps company (with) | √bhaj 1 a (associate, keep company) | bhaja + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| paricarati 3 | pr | enjoys; indulges; has sex with | √car 1 a (move, walk) | pari + cara + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| pavaḍḍhati 1 | pr | increases; develops; grows | √vaḍḍh 1 a (grow, increase) | pa + vaḍḍha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| maññati 1 | pr | thinks; imagines; conceives; presumes; supposes | √man 3 ya (think) | mañña + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| upasussati | pr | dries up; withers; shrivels | √sus 3 ya (dry, wither) | upa + sussa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| dadāti | pr | gives; offers; donates; grants (something to someone) | √dā 1 a (give) | dadā + ti | āti pr | 3 |
| āpajjati 5 | pr | causes; effects | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | ā + pajja + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| jānāti 1 | pr | knows; understands | √ñā 5 nā (know) | jānā + ti | āti pr | 3 |
| adhigacchati 1 | pr | gets to; attains; finds; acquires; obtains | √gam 1 a (go) | adhi + gaccha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| niddisi 1 | aor | indicated; pointed out; designated; appointed | √dis 1 a (point out, explain) | nī + √dis + i | i aor | 4 |
| nidhi 1 | masc | treasure; trove; hoard | √dhā 1 a (place, support) | ni + √dhā + i | i masc | 4 |
| tvaṃ 1 | pron | you (subject) | tumha + aṃ > tuvaṃ > tvaṃ | tvaṃ pron | 5 | |
| medhāvī | masc | intelligent man; wise man; who has good judgment | √medh 1 a (be wise) | √medh + ā + vī | ī masc | 5 |
| āgāmī 1 | adj | who returns; who comes back | √gam 1 a (go) | ā + √gam > gām + *ī | ī adj | 5 |
| vihārī | adj | (of a state of being) living in; who has; being | √har 1 a (live) | vi + √har > hār + *ī | ī adj | 5 |
| khemī | adj | at peace; safe; secure | √khi 1 a (live, abide peacefully) | √khi > khe + *ma + ī | ī adj | 5 |
| sukhī 2 | masc | happy one; who is at ease; who is happy; who is comfortable | √sukh 1 a (please, be comfortable) | √sukh + ī | ī masc | 5 |
| dassī 2 | adj | who sees; who knows; who perceives; who understands | √dis 1 a (see) | dassa + ī | ī adj | 5 |
| viññū 1 | adj | wise; intelligent; discerning; knowledgeable | √ñā 5 nā (know) | vi + √ñā + ū | ū adj | 6 |
| yadā | ind | when; whenever | ya + dā | 6 | ||
| vidū 1 | adj | wise; knowing; understanding | √vid 1 a (know) | √vid + ū | ū adj | 6 |
| rattaññū | adj | old; experienced; of long standing | ratta + ñū | ū adj | 6 | |
| vā 1 | ind | or; either or | 6 | |||
| sadā | ind | always; ever; all the time | saṃ + dā | 6 | ||
| suve | ind | tomorrow | 6 | |||
| sīlavant | adj | virtuous; ethical; moral | √sīl 1 a (conduct oneself) | √sīl + a + vant | ant adj | 6 |
| sabbābhibhū | adj | all conquering; victorious over everything | sabba + abhibhū | ū adj | 6 | |
| satimant 1 | adj | mindful; fully present; attentive | √sar 1 a (remember) | √sar + ti + mant | ant adj | 6 |
| sabbavidū 1 | adj | all-knowing; omniscient | sabba + vidū | ū adj | 6 | |
| mattaññū | adj | knowing the correct measure (in); knowing the limit (in); moderate (in) | matta + ñū | ū adj | 6 | |
| lokavidū | masc | who knows the world; who understands the universe; epithet of the Buddha | loka + vidū | ū masc | 6 | |
| satthar 1 | masc | master; teacher | √sās 1 a (order, instruct) | √sās + tar | ar masc | 6 |
| pitar | masc | father | ar2 masc | 6 | ||
| bhikkhu | masc | monk; monastic; mendicant; fully ordained monk | √bhikkh 1 a (beg) | √bhikkh + u | u masc | 6 |
| ajja | ind | today; now | ima + jja | 6 | ||
| abhibhū 1 | masc | conqueror; victor; vanquisher; master (of) | √bhū 1 a (be, become) | abhi + √bhū + ū | ū masc | 6 |
| assutavant | adj | unlearned; untaught; uninitiated; untrained | √su 4 ṇā (hear) | na > a + √su + ta + vant | ant adj | 6 |
| āgantar 2 | masc | returner (to); who comes back (to) | √gam 1 a (go) | ā + √gam + tar | ar masc | 6 |
| āyasmant 1 | masc | sir; venerable; reverend | √i 1 a (come, go) | ā + √i > ay + *as + mant | ant masc | 6 |
| kālena | ind | timely; at the right time; at an appropriate moment | √kal 8 *e (spend time) | √kal > kāl + *a + ena | 6 | |
| garu 5 | masc | respect; honour | √gar 1 a (esteem, be heavy) | √gar + u | u masc | 6 |
| ca 2.1 | ind | and; both | 6 | |||
| cakkhumant 2 | masc | person with sight; who can see | √cakkh 1 a (see) | √cakkh + u + mant | ant masc | 6 |
| dātar 1 | masc | giver; donor (of) | √dā 1 a (give) | √dā + tar | ar masc | 6 |
| nahāru | masc | tendon; sinew | √nah 3 ya (bind, arm) | √nah + āru | u masc | 6 |
| pacchā 1 | ind | afterwards; later; in the future | paccha + ā | 6 | ||
| paññavant | adj | wise; intelligent; discerning; insightful; percipient | √ñā 5 nā (know) | pa + √ñā + ā + vant | ant adj | 6 |
| pavattar 1 | masc | proclaimer; propagator; disseminator (of) | √vac 1 a (say, speak) | pa + √vac + tar | ar masc | 6 |
| pubbe 1 | ind | before; previously; formerly; in the past | pubba + e | 6 | ||
| pure 2 | ind | formerly; previously; in the past | 6 | |||
| phāsu 2 | masc | ease (for); comfort (for) | √phus 1 a (touch) | √phus > phās + *u | u masc | 6 |
| balavant 1 | adj | strong; powerful | √bal 1 a (be strong, live) | √bal + a + vant | ant adj | 6 |
| bāhu | masc | arm; forearm | √bah 1 a (increase) | √bah > bāh + *u | u masc | 6 |
| bhagavant 1 | masc | Sublime One; Blessed One; Fortunate One; Auspicious One; epithet of the Buddha | √bhaj 1 a (divide, distribute) | √bhaj > bhag + a + vant | ant masc | 6 |
| bhātar | masc | brother | ar2 masc | 6 | ||
| maccu | masc | death; Death | √mar 1 a (die) | √mar + tyu | u masc | 6 |
| hirimant | adj | having a conscience; with scruples; with an internal sense of right and wrong | √hir 3 ya (be ashamed) | √hir + i + mant | ant adj | 6 |
| pali | pos | meaning | root | construction | pattern | cl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| paccaya 2 | masc | cause (for); reason (for); supporting condition (for); requirement (for) | √i 1 a (come, go) | pati > paty > pacc + √i > ay + *a | a masc | 2 |
| paṭighāta 1 | masc | warding off; repelling; driving off; keeping at bay | √ghaṭ 8 *e (strike, kill) | pati + √ghaṭ > ghāṭ + *a | a masc | 2 |
| gāha 2.2 | masc | hiding place | √gāh 1 a (dive, plunge) | √gāh + a | a masc | 2 |
| bhoga 1.1 | masc | wealth; possessions; property; riches | √bhuj 2 ṃa (use, eat, enjoy) | √bhuj > bhoj > bhog + *a | a masc | 2 |
| moggallāna 1 | masc | name of a monk; chief disciple; great disciple of the Buddha; foremost disciple in psychic power | muggala > moggala + *yāna | a masc | 2 | |
| āsaya 2 | masc | home (of); dwelling (of); abode (of) | √sī 1 a (lie, sleep) | ā + √sī > say + *a | a masc | 2 |
| bandhati 1 | pr | binds; ties up; imprisons; confines | √bandh 1 a (bind, tie) | bandha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| bhavati 1 | pr | is; is being; becomes | √bhū 1 a (be, become) | bhava + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| obhāsati 1.1 | pr | speaks coarsely (to); speaks suggestively (to); talks rudely (to); talks dirty (to) | √bhās 1 a (speak) | ava + bhāsa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| nahāyati | pr | takes a bath; bathes; washes | √nhā 3 ya (bathe) | nahāya + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| ulloketi | pr | looks up (at); gazes up (at) | √lok 8 *e (look) | ud + loke + ti | eti pr | 3 |
| anuviloketi | pr | looks around; surveys | √lok 8 *e (look) | anu + vi + loke + ti | eti pr | 3 |
| vattati 1 | pr | proceeds; continues; goes forward; practices | √vatt 1 a (be, proceed) | vatta + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| harati 2 | pr | takes; steals; robs | √har 1 a (carry) | hara + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| abhitthavati | pr | praises; glorifies; celebrates | √thu 1 a (be familiar, praise) | abhi + thava + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| ajjhabhāsi | aor | addressed; spoke (to someone with) | √bhās 1 a (speak) | adhi > adhy > ajjh + a + √bhās + i | i aor | 4 |
| nappaṭikaṅkhati | pr | does not anticipate; does not expect; does not await; does not personally wish (for) | √kaṅkh 1 a (wish for) | na + pati + kaṅkha + ti | ati pr | 5 |
| natthi 1 | pr | is not; it is not; there is not; there is no; there is nothing | √as 1 a (be) | na + √as + ti | natthi pr | 5 |
| upasaṅkamitar 1 | masc | visitor; guest | √kam 1 a (go) | upa + saṃ + √kam + itar | ar masc | 6 |
| vajjavant | adj | at fault; in error; with mistakes | √vajj 8 *e (turn, avoid) | √vajj + ya + vant | ant adj | 6 |
| pabbajjā | fem | (vinaya) novice ordination; renunciation; becoming a monastic | √vaj 1 a (go on) | pa + √vaj > baj + yā | ā fem | 7 |
| passeyya 1 | opt | could see; would see | √dis 1 a (see) | passa + eyya | ati pr | 7 |
| pavāraṇā 2 | fem | (vinaya) invitation ceremony at the end of the rains retreat | √var 8 *e (wish, choose) | pa + vāre + anā | ā fem | 7 |
| bāhā 1 | fem | arm; forearm | √bah 1 a (increase) | √bah > bāh + *ā | ā fem | 7 |
| siyuṃ | opt | they would be; there could be | √as 1 a (be) | siya + uṃ | siyā opt | 7 |
| sīmā 2 | fem | (vinaya) boundary in which legal procedures are performed | ā fem | 7 | ||
| muditā | fem | happiness (for); appreciation; sympathetic joy | √mud 1 a (be soft, be happy) | √mud + ita + ā | ā fem | 7 |
| mettā | fem | goodwill (towards); friendliness (to); benevolence (for) | √mitt 1 a (be friendly) | √mitt > mett + *ā | ā fem | 7 |
| vijjā 1 | fem | knowledge; wisdom; understanding | √vid 3 ya (know, understand) | √vid + yā | ā fem | 7 |
| saññā 1 | fem | perception; conception; recognition; third of the five aggregates | √ñā 5 nā (know) | saṃ + √ñā + ā | ā fem | 7 |
| saddhā 1 | fem | faith (in); belief (in); trust (in) | √dhā 1 a (place, support) | sad + √dhā + ā | ā fem | 7 |
| siyaṃ | opt | I could be; may I be; I might be; I should be | √as 1 a (be) | siya + aṃ | siyā opt | 7 |
| siyā 2 | opt | there could be | √as 1 a (be) | siya + ā | siyā opt | 7 |
| senā | fem | army; military | ā fem | 7 | ||
| vedanā 1 | fem | (pleasant, unpleasant or neutral) felt experience; feeling; feeling tone; sensation; second of the five aggregates | √vid 8 *e (know, sense, feel) | √vid > ved + *anā | ā fem | 7 |
| vipassanā | fem | insight; penetrating internal vision; introspection | √dis 1 a (see) | vi + passa + anā | ā fem | 7 |
| devatā | fem | deity; god | √div 3 ya (shine) | √div > dev + *a + tā | ā fem | 7 |
| nibbidā | fem | dis-enchantment (towards); de-illusionment (with); disinterest (in); dispassion (towards) | √vid 2 ṃa (feel, like) | nī + √vid > bid + ā | ā fem | 7 |
| abhijjhā | fem | wishing; wanting; covetousness; greed | √jhā 3 ya (think, meditate) | abhi + √jhā + ā | ā fem | 7 |
| assa 3.1 | opt | may be; could be; should be; would be; could become | √as 1 a (be) | √as + a | ssa opt | 7 |
| assatha | opt | you all could be; you might be | √as 1 a (be) | assa + tha | ssa opt | 7 |
| assavanatā | fem | fact of not hearing (of) | √su 4 ṇā (hear) | na > a + √su > sav + *ana + tā | ā fem | 7 |
| assaṃ | opt | I could be; I might be; may I be; I could become | √as 1 a (be) | √as + aṃ | ssa opt | 7 |
| assāma | opt | we could be; we may be; we might be; we should be | √as 1 a (be) | assa + āma | ssa opt | 7 |
| assu 3.1 | opt | they should be; they may be; they would be; may they be | √as 1 a (be) | assa + u | ssa opt | 7 |
| avijjā | fem | ignorance; illusion; not knowing; not understanding | √vid 3 ya (know, understand) | na > a + √vid + yā | ā fem | 7 |
| āgaccheyya | opt | could come; would come along; could approach; would arrive | √gam 1 a (go) | ā + gaccha + eyya | eyya opt | 7 |
| upasampadā 2 | fem | (vinaya) higher ordination as monastic | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | upa + saṃ + √pad + ā | ā fem | 7 |
| upāsikā | fem | female disciple; laywomen; female devotee | √ās 1 a (sit) | upa + √ās + ikā | ā fem | 7 |
| nisajjā 1 | fem | sitting; sitting down | √sad 1 a (sink, sit, settle) | ni + √sad + ya + ā | ā fem | 7 |
| upekkhā | fem | looking on; mental poise; mental balance; equanimity; equipoise; non-reactivity; composure | √ikkh 1 a (see, mark) | upa + √ikkh + ā | ā fem | 7 |
| karuṇā | fem | compassion; sympathy; kindness (towards unfortunate beings) | ā fem | 7 | ||
| kareyya 2 | opt | would make; could make | √kar 7 o (do, make) | √kar + eyya | karoti pr | 7 |
| gayā 1 | fem | name of a village | ā fem | 7 | ||
| gāthā 1 | fem | verse; poem; stanza | √gā 3 ya (sing) | √gā + thā | ā fem | 7 |
| jarā | fem | old age; ageing | √jar 1 a (age) | √jar + ā | ā fem | 7 |
| jāneyya | opt | should know; should understand; should find out | √ñā 5 nā (know) | jānā + eyya | āti pr | 7 |
| jivhā | fem | tongue | ā fem | 7 | ||
| ṭīkā | fem | sub-commentary; commentary on a commentary | ā fem | 7 | ||
| taṇhā 1 | fem | craving (for); wanting; desire (for) | √tas 6 ṇhā (thirst) | taṇhā + ā | ā fem | 7 |
| disā 1 | fem | direction; cardinal point | √dis 1 a (point out, explain) | √dis + ā | ā fem | 7 |
| pūjā 1 | fem | veneration (of); homage (to); honouring | √pūj 8 *e (honour, venerate) | √pūj + ā | ā fem | 7 |
| kathā 1 | fem | talk; speech; conversation; discussion | √kath 8 *e (speak, narrate) | √kath + ā | ā fem | 7 |
| adhigaccheyya 2 | opt | would experience; would feel | √gam 1 a (go) | adhi + gaccha + eyya | ati pr | 7 |
| pali | pos | meaning | root | construction | pattern | cl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| vanatha 2.1 | masc | desire; craving | √van 7 o (like, desire) | √van + a + tha | a masc | 2 |
| samuppāda 2 | masc | issue; conflict; something which arises | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | saṃ + ud + √pad > pād + *a | a masc | 2 |
| ovāda 1 | masc | advice; instruction; encouragement; exhortation | √vad 1 a (say, speak) | ava + √vad > vād + *a | a masc | 2 |
| oka 1.1 | masc | home; abode | √uc 3 ya (comfort) | √uc > ok + *a | a masc | 2 |
| yāma 1 | masc | watch (of the night); one eighth of the day; about three hours | √yam 1 a (control, strive, end) | √yam > yām + *a | a masc | 2 |
| vaccha 1.1 | masc | calf; yearling; young animal | a masc | 2 | ||
| pajjunna | masc | name of a deity; god of rain; rain cloud | a masc | 2 | ||
| makkaṭa | masc | monkey; ape | a masc | 2 | ||
| ānisaṃsa 1 | masc | profit (in); benefit (in); advantage (of); good result (of) | √saṃs 1 a (proclaim, praise) | ā + ni + √saṃs + a | a masc | 2 |
| chanda 2 | masc | (vinaya) consent; agreement; approval | √chand 8 *e (desire, please) | √chand + a | a masc | 2 |
| pallaṅka 2 | masc | cross-legged sitting position; meditation posture | √añc 1 a (bend) | pari > pali > paly > pall + √añc > aṅk + a | a masc | 2 |
| paṭisevati 1 | pr | practices; indulges (in); engages (in) | √sev 1 a (serve, associate) | pati + seva + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| gaṇhati 1 | pr | grabs hold (of); seizes; takes | √gah 6 ṇhā (grasp) | gaṇha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| samāpajjati 2 | pr | engages (in); practices; performs | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | saṃ + ā + pajja + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| jahati 1 | pr | gives up; leaves; abandons; deserts | √hā 1 a (abandon) | jaha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| voharati 1 | pr | speaks; communicates; gives expression; uses language | √har 1 a (carry) | vi + ava + hara + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| anulometi 2 | pr | regulates; settles; balances | anu + loma + e + ti | eti pr | 3 | |
| paggaṇhāti 3 | pr | applies effort; strives on; goes for it; endeavours | √gah 6 ṇhā (grasp) | pa + gaṇhā + ti | āti pr | 3 |
| nikkhipati 3 | pr | sets aside; lays aside; keeps; saves; stores (something in something) | √khip 1 a (throw) | ni + khipa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| padahati 1 | pr | exerts oneself; strives; applies oneself; endeavours (with) | √dhā 1 a (place, support) | pa + daha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| pavisati | pr | enters; goes (into) | √vis 1 a (enter) | pa + visa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| icchati 1.1 | pr | wishes; wants; desires (to) | √is 1 a (wish for) | iccha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| ārabhati 1.1 | pr | begins; starts; undertakes; arouses oneself (to); makes an effort (to) | √rabh 1 a (begin) | ā + rabha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| vāyamati | pr | tries (to); makes an effort (to); strives (for); exerts oneself (to) | √yam 1 a (control, strive, end) | vi + ā + yama + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| paṭivineti | pr | drives out; dispels; gets rid of | √nī 1 a (lead, carry) | pati + vi + ne + ti | eti pr | 3 |
| pabbajati | pr | ordains as a monastic; renounces the household life | √vaj 1 a (go on) | pa + baja + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| pakkāmi 1 | aor | left; set off (from); went away (from) | √kam 1 a (go) | pa + a + √kam > kām + i | i aor isuṃ | 4 |
| añjali 1 | masc | palms placed together (as a token of respect) | √añj 1 a (pay respect) | √añj + ali | i masc | 4 |
| khipi 1.1 | aor | threw; tossed; hurled | √khip 1 a (throw) | √khip + i | i aor | 4 |
| ātāpī | adj | avid; ardent; zealous; with continuous effort | √tap 1 a (burn, radiate heat) | ā + √tap > tāp + *ī | ī adj | 5 |
| dhammī 1 | adj | righteous; religious; moral; related to the Dhamma | √dhar 1 a (hold, carry, endure) | √dhar + ma + ī | ī adj | 5 |
| asammosa 1 | masc | not forgetting; non-confusion | √mus 3 ya (lie, forget) | na > a + saṃ + √mus > mos + *a | a masc | 5 |
| dārikā | fem | girl; daughter | dāra + ikā | ā fem | 7 | |
| paccāsā | fem | expectation; hope; anticipation | √is 1 a (wish for) | pati > paty > pacc + ā + √is + ā | ā fem | 7 |
| pipāsā | fem | thirst (for) | √pā 1 sa (drink) | pipāsa + ā | ā fem | 7 |
| khuddā 1.1 | fem | hunger | √khud 1 a (be hungry) | √khud + yā | ā fem | 7 |
| sākhā 1 | fem | branch | ā fem | 7 | ||
| sikkhā 1 | fem | training (in); practice (in) | √sikkh 1 a (learn, train) | √sikkh + ā | ā fem | 7 |
| uppajjeyya | opt | would become available (for); would accrue (to); could crop up (for) | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | ud + pajja + eyya | ati pr | 7 |
| pīti 1.1 | fem | delight; heartfelt joy; pleasure; feeling of love | √pī 5 nā (love, please) | √pī + ti | i fem | 8 |
| vesālī | fem | name of a city; capital of the Licchavis | ī fem | 8 | ||
| vivicca | ger | separating (from); aloof (from) | √vic 1 a (separate) | vi + √vic + ya | 8 | |
| visuddhi 1.1 | fem | purity (of); purification (of); holiness | √sudh 3 ya (be pure) | vi + √sudh + ti | i fem | 8 |
| petī | fem | female ghost; female spirit | √i 1 a (come, go) | pa + e + ta + ī | ī fem | 8 |
| bārāṇasī | fem | name of a city; modern Varanasi | ī fem | 8 | ||
| bhikkhunī | fem | nun; fully ordained nun | √bhikkh 1 a (beg) | √bhikkh + u + nī | ī fem | 8 |
| vimutti | fem | release; liberation; deliverance; freedom; emancipation | √muc 2 ṃa (release, free) | vi + √muc + ti | i fem | 8 |
| vippahāya | ger | completely abandoning; totally renouncing | √hā 1 a (abandon) | vi + pa + √hā + ya | 8 | |
| vineyya 1 | ger | removing; getting rid (of) | √nī 1 a (lead, carry) | vi + √nī > ne + *ya | 8 | |
| vatthi 1 | fem | bladder; urinary tract | i fem | 8 | ||
| mātar | fem | mother | mātar fem | 8 | ||
| suggati | fem | state of happiness; good destination; heaven | √gam 1 a (go) | su + √gam + ti | i fem | 8 |
| samāpajjitvā | abs | having entered; having attained | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | saṃ + ā + pajja + itvā | 8 | |
| sugati | fem | good destination; happy fate | √gam 1 a (go) | su + √gam + ti | i fem | 8 |
| yakkhī | fem | female supernatural being; female spirit; daemoness | √yakkh 8 *e (worship) | √yakkh + a + ī | ī fem | 8 |
| yattha | ind | wherever; where; when; in which | ya + ttha | 8 | ||
| yāgu | fem | rice gruel; congee | u fem | 8 | ||
| sāyitvā | abs | having tasted | √sāy 1 a (taste) | √sāy + itvā | 8 | |
| ruci | fem | preference; choice; liking; approval | √ruc 1 *a (shine, like) | √ruc + i | i fem | 8 |
| saṅghāṭi 1 | fem | outer robe; double robe; patchwork robe | √ghaṭ 1 a (join together) | saṃ + √ghaṭ > ghāṭ + *i | i fem | 8 |
| sati 1.2 | fem | mindfulness; presence; recollection; awareness | √sar 1 a (remember) | √sar + ti | i fem | 8 |
| sabbattha 1 | ind | everywhere; every place | sabba + ttha | 8 | ||
| samādāya 2 | ger | undertaking; taking up; accepting | √ādā 3 ya (take, seize) | saṃ + √ādā + ya | 8 | |
| samuttejetvā | abs | having fired up; having enthused | √tij 8 *e (be sharp, be hot) | saṃ + ud + teje + tvā | 8 | |
| muñcitvā 1 | abs | having released; having let go | √muc 2 ṃa (release, free) | muñca + itvā | 8 | |
| samāpatti 1 | fem | attainment; meditation attainment | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | saṃ + ā + √pad + ti | i fem | 8 |
| accādhāya | ger | overlapping; placing one on top of another | √dhā 1 a (place, support) | ati > aty > acc + ā + √dhā + ya | 8 | |
| passaddhi | fem | calm; tranquillity; tranquillization; peace; stillness; serenity | √sambh 1 a (be calm, be confident) | pa + √sambh > sabh + ti | i fem | 8 |
| katvāna 1 | abs | having done | √kar 7 o (do, make) | √kar + tvāna | 8 | |
| ettha 1 | ind | here; in this place; in this case; in this regard | ima + ttha | 8 | ||
| ekato 1 | ind | on one side | eka + to | 8 | ||
| upasampajja 1 | ger | reaching; attaining; arriving at | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | upa + saṃ + √pad + ya | 8 | |
| upasaṅkamitvā | abs | having approached; having gone (to); having drawn near (to) | √kam 1 a (go) | upa + saṃ + √kam + itvā | 8 | |
| uṭṭhāya | ger | rising (from); emerging (from); getting up (from) | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | ud + √ṭhā + ya | 8 | |
| idha 2 | ind | here; in this regard; in this case | ima + dha | 8 | ||
| karitvā 2 | abs | having made | √kar 7 o (do, make) | √kar + itvā | 8 | |
| itthī 1 | fem | woman; female | ī fem | 8 | ||
| āpatti 2 | fem | (vinaya) offence; wrongdoing; transgression | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | ā + √pad + ti | i fem | 8 |
| ādāya 4 | ger | adopting; assuming; according (to) | √ādā 3 ya (take, seize) | √ādā + ya | 8 | |
| āgamma 1 | ger | coming (to); arriving (at); meeting (with) | √gam 1 a (go) | ā + √gam + ya | 8 | |
| abhirati | fem | pleasure (in); delight (in); happiness (in) | √ram 1 a (delight, please) | abhi + √ram + ti | i fem | 8 |
| appaccakkhāya | ger | not giving up; not disavowing; not renouncing; not rejecting | √khā 1 a (tell, announce) | na > a + pati > paty > pacc + ā + √khā + ya | 8 | |
| anusāsanī | fem | advice; instruction; teaching | √sās 1 a (order, instruct) | anu + √sās + ana + ī | ī fem | 8 |
| acchādetvā | abs | having dressed (in); having clothed oneself (in); having put on | √chad 8 *e (cover, conceal) | ā + chāde + tvā | 8 | |
| ābhujitvā | abs | having bent; having folded | √bhuj 1 a (bend) | ā + √bhuj + itvā | 8 | |
| pāripūrī | fem | fulfilment; completion; perfecting; maturity | √pūr 1 a (fill, fulfil) | pari + √pūr + ī | ī fem | 8 |
| khanti 1 | fem | patience; endurance; tolerance | √kham 1 a (tolerate, endure) | √kham + ti | i fem | 8 |
| gahetvā 5 | abs | having arrested; having taken prisoner | √gah 6 ṇhā (grasp) | gahe + tvā | 8 | |
| patvā 1 | abs | having reached; having arrived (at) | √ap 4 uṇā (reach, attain) | pa + √ap + tvā | 8 | |
| paṇidhāya 1 | ger | guiding; directing; determining; setting | √dhā 1 a (place, support) | pa + ni + √dhā + ya | 8 | |
| paṭhavī | fem | earth; ground | √path 1 a (expand) | √path > paṭh + avī | ī fem | 8 |
| paṭinivattitvā | abs | having turned around and come back (from) | √vatt 1 a (be, proceed) | pati + ni + √vatt + itvā | 8 | |
| hitvā | abs | having left; having left behind; having abandoned | √hā 1 a (abandon) | √hā + itvā | 8 | |
| paggahetvā 2 | abs | having raised up; having lifted up | √gah 6 ṇhā (grasp) | pa + gahe + tvā | 8 | |
| nisajja | ger | sitting down | √sad 1 a (sink, sit, settle) | ni + √sad + ya | 8 | |
| gahetvā 1 | abs | having taken; having held | √gah 6 ṇhā (grasp) | gahe + tvā | 8 | |
| nārī | fem | woman | nara > nāra + *ī | ī fem | 8 | |
| dhātu 1 | fem | state; property; condition; element | √dhā 1 a (place, support) | √dhā + tu | u fem | 8 |
| diṭṭhi 1 | fem | view; belief; opinion; concept; theory; attitude; philosophy; credo; creed; dogma | √dis 1 a (see) | √dis + ti | i fem | 8 |
| tatra 1 | ind | there; in that place | ta + tra | 8 | ||
| tattha 2 | ind | in that regard; in that case; regarding that matter | ta + ttha | 8 | ||
| tattha 1 | ind | there; in that place | ta + ttha | 8 | ||
| ṭhiti 1 | fem | stability; constancy; continuity; endurance; persistence; longevity | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | √ṭhā + ti | i fem | 8 |
| chetvā 1 | abs | having cut off; having severed; (comm) having killed | √chid 2 ṃa (cut, steal) | √chid > ched + *tvā | 8 | |
| dhītar | fem | daughter | ar fem | 8 | ||
| hiri | fem | conscience; sense of right and wrong; scruples; (comm) originating from inside | √hir 3 ya (be ashamed) | √hir + i | i fem | 8 |
| pali | pos | meaning | root | construction | pattern | cl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| paripāka 1 | masc | decay; deterioration | √pac 1 a (cook, mature, ripen) | pari + √pac > pāc > pāk + *a | a masc | 2 |
| uccāra | masc | excrement; faeces | √car 1 a (move, walk) | ud + √car > cār + *a | a masc | 2 |
| ārāma 3 | masc | park; parkland; nature reserve | √ram 1 a (delight, please) | ā + √ram > rām + *a | a masc | 2 |
| sakka 3 | masc | Sakyan; man of the Sakyan race | √sak 4 ṇo (be able, be powerful) | √sak + ya | a masc | 2 |
| gandha 1 | masc | smell; scent; odour | √ghā 3 ya (smell) | √ghā + na | a masc | 2 |
| magga 1 | masc | road; path; track; way | √magg 8 *e (seek, search) | √magg + a | a masc | 2 |
| ogha 1 | masc | (of water) flood; deluge; torrent | a masc | 2 | ||
| dhamma 1.01 | masc | nature; character | √dhar 1 a (hold, carry, endure) | √dhar + ma | a masc | 2 |
| paccaya 1 | masc | support; requisite; necessity | √i 1 a (come, go) | pati > paty > pacc + √i > ay + *a | a masc | 2 |
| passāva | masc | urine | √su 1 a (flow) | pa + √su > sāv + *a | a masc | 2 |
| balibaddha | masc | ox; bull | a masc | 2 | ||
| sakkoti | pr | is able (to) | √sak 4 ṇo (be able, be powerful) | sakko + ti | oti pr | 3 |
| upadisati | pr | points out; explains; shows; indicates | √dis 1 a (point out, explain) | upa + disa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| sakkuṇāti | pr | is able (to) | √sak 4 uṇā (be able, be powerful) | sakkuṇā + ti | āti pr | 3 |
| vaḍḍhati | pr | increases (in); grows (in); develops (in) | √vaḍḍh 1 a (grow, increase) | vaḍḍha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| arahati 3 | pr | should; ought (to); is suitable (for); it is befitting (for) | √arah 1 a (deserve, be worthy) | araha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| visahati 1.1 | pr | is able (to) | √sah 1 a (be able) | vi + saha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| jīrati | pr | ages; grows old; gets worn out; declines | √jīr 1 a (grow old, decay) | jīra + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| pahoti 2 | pr | is able (to); is capable (of); is qualified (to) | √hū 1 a (be) | pa + ho + ti | hoti pr | 4 |
| anabhineti | pr | does not invite; does not conduct towards | √nī 1 a (lead, carry) | na > an + abhi + ne + ti | eti pr | 5 |
| jegucchī 1 | adj | who is disgusted (to); recoiling (from); who hates (to); who detests | √gup 1 sa (dislike) | jiguccha > jeguccha + *ī | ī adj | 5 |
| gāmī 2 | adj | going; moving; who goes | √gam 1 a (go) | √gam > gām + *ī | ī adj | 5 |
| ajjhāvasatar | masc | who lives in a home; who is domestically settled | √vas 1 a (live) | adhi > adhy > ajjh + ā + vasa + tar | ar masc | 6 |
| ca 2.2 | ind | but; although; and if | 6 | |||
| jīraṇatā | fem | old age; decrepitude; deterioration | √jīr 1 a (grow old, decay) | √jīr + aṇa + tā | ā fem | 7 |
| vadeyya | opt | would say; could speak; could tell | √vad 1 a (say, speak) | vada + eyya | ati pr | 7 |
| paññā 1 | fem | wisdom; knowledge; understanding; insight; distinctive knowledge | √ñā 5 nā (know) | pa + √ñā + ā | ā fem | 7 |
| vīmaṃsā 1 | fem | inquiry; judgement; investigation; discrimination | √man 3 sa (think) | vīmaṃsa + ā | ā fem | 7 |
| upapajjeyya | opt | would be reborn (in); would re-arise (in) | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | upa + pajja + eyya | ati pr | 7 |
| caritvā 1.1 | abs | having walked; having wandered | √car 1 a (move, walk) | √car + itvā | 8 | |
| kuto 1 | ind | from where?; where? | ka > ku + to | 8 | ||
| kuṭi 1 | fem | hut; cabin; simple monastic dwelling | √kuṭ 1 a (be crooked, be bent) | √kuṭ + i | i fem | 8 |
| saṃhāni | fem | decrease (of); dwindling (of); decay (of); weakening (of) | √hā 3 ya (decrease) | saṃ + √hā + ni | i fem | 8 |
| kuhiṃ | ind | where? | ka > ku + hiṃ | 8 | ||
| sāvatthī | fem | name of a city; capital of Kosala | √su 1 a (flow) | √su > sāv + a + ttha + *ī | ī fem | 8 |
| mūla 1 | nt | (of a tree) root; base; foot | √mūl 1 a (support) | √mūl + a | a nt | 9 |
| maṃsa 1 | nt | meat; flesh | a nt | 9 | ||
| maraṇa | nt | death; dying | √mar 1 a (die) | √mar + aṇa | a nt | 9 |
| manāpa 2 | nt | pleasant experience; something nice | a nt | 9 | ||
| maṇḍana | nt | adorning; embellishing; beautifying oneself | √maṇḍ 1 a (adorn) | √maṇḍ + ana | a nt | 9 |
| vepulla 1 | nt | expansion; full development; maturity | √pul 8 *e (increase) | vi > ve + √pul + a + *ya | a nt | 9 |
| bhojana 2 | nt | eating; taking food | √bhuj 2 ṃa (use, eat, enjoy) | √bhuj > bhoj + *ana | a nt | 9 |
| bhesajja | nt | medicine; remedy; tonic; drug | bhisaja > bhesaja + *ya | a nt | 9 | |
| bhaya 3 | nt | danger (of; from); peril (of; from) | √bhī 1 a (fear) | √bhī > bhay + *a | a nt | 9 |
| bahujanahitāya | nt | for the benefit of many people; for the good of the population | bahujana + hita + āya | a nt | 9 | |
| bahujanasukhāya | nt | for the comfort of many people; for the ease of the masses | bahujana + sukha + āya | a nt | 9 | |
| vosāna 1 | nt | perfecting; accomplishing; attaining; mastering | √sā 1 a (complete, accomplish) | vi + ava + √sā + ana | a nt | 9 |
| bala 2 | nt | mental power; Dhamma strength | √bal 1 a (be strong, live) | √bal + a | a nt | 9 |
| sāsana 2 | nt | teaching; instruction | √sās 1 a (order, instruct) | √sās + ana | a nt | 9 |
| puppha 1 | nt | flower | √pupph 1 a (flower, expand) | √pupph + a | a nt | 9 |
| vyākaraṇa 1 | nt | answering; replying | √kar 7 o (do, make) | vi > vy + ā + √kar + aṇa | a nt | 9 |
| puñña 1 | nt | merit; good deed; spiritual wealth | √puṇ 1 a (be skilful, be precise) | √puṇ + ya | a nt | 9 |
| piṇḍāya | masc | for alms; to collect alms food | √piṇḍ 8 *e (collect) | √piṇḍ + a + āya | a masc | 9 |
| pālicca | nt | hoariness; grey hair | palita > pālita + *ya | a nt | 9 | |
| pārājika 3 | nt | (vinaya) offence involving defeat; transgression requiring expulsion | √ji 1 a (conquer) | parā > pārā + √ji + *aka | a nt | 9 |
| pāra 1.1 | nt | far side; far shore; bank on the other side (of); epithet of Nibbāna | para > pāra + *a | a nt | 9 | |
| pāmojja | nt | joy; happiness; gladness | √mud 1 a (be soft, be happy) | pa + √mud > mod + *a + *ya | a nt | 9 |
| pācittiya 1 | nt | (vinaya) offence requiring confession | a nt | 9 | ||
| hitāya | nt | beneficial (for); advantageous (for) | √dhā 1 a (place, support) | √dhā > (da)h + ita + āya | a nt | 9 |
| yaṃ taṃ | idiom | whoever … him; whatever … that | 9 | |||
| passa 1.1 | nt | (of the body) side; rib | a nt | 9 | ||
| yasmā tasmā | idiom | because … therefore; since … that is why | 9 | |||
| vīriya 1 | nt | effort; energy; might; power | √vīr 8 *e (be heroic, be hostile) | √vīr + iya | a nt | 9 |
| bala 1 | nt | strength; power; might | √bal 1 a (be strong, live) | √bal + a | a nt | 9 |
| mūla 2 | nt | source; origin; root | √mūl 1 a (support) | √mūl + a | a nt | 9 |
| vibhūsana | nt | decorating; adorning | √bhūs 1 a (adorn, decorate) | vi + √bhūs + ana | a nt | 9 |
| sīla 1 | nt | ethical conduct; virtue; moral integrity | √sīl 1 a (conduct oneself) | √sīl + a | a nt | 9 |
| saṃvidhātuṃ | inf | to organize; to arrange; to take care of | √dhā 1 a (place, support) | saṃ + vi + √dhā + tuṃ | 9 | |
| sarīra 1 | nt | body | a nt | 9 | ||
| saraṇa 1.1 | nt | shelter; refuge; help; epithet of Nibbāna | √sar 1 a (go, flow) | √sar + aṇa | a nt | 9 |
| sampajañña 1 | nt | attentiveness; clear awareness; full comprehension | √ñā 5 nā (know) | saṃ + pa + jānā + ya | a nt | 9 |
| samanupassituṃ | inf | to see (as); to regard (as); to consider (as) | √dis 1 a (see) | saṃ + anu + passa + ituṃ | 9 | |
| sañcaritta | nt | matchmaking; carrying proposals | √car 1 a (move, walk) | saṃ + √car + a > cari + tta | a nt | 9 |
| sacca 2 | nt | truth; epithet of Nibbāna | √as 1 a (be) | sa + nta > santa > sat + ya | a nt | 9 |
| sukha 2 | nt | ease; comfort; happiness; pleasure; contentment | √sukh 1 a (please, be comfortable) | √sukh + a | a nt east | 9 |
| sukhakāma | adj | wishing for ease; desiring comfort | sukha + kāma | a adj | 9 | |
| sukhāya | nt | comfortable (for) | √sukh 1 a (please, be comfortable) | √sukh + a + āya | a nt | 9 |
| sutta 2.1 | nt | scripture; discourse; sacred text | √siv 3 ya (sew) | √siv > suv + ta | a nt | 9 |
| somanassa | nt | (mental) pleasure; happiness; gladness; joy; positive state of mind | √man 3 ya (think) | su > so + √man + as + *ya | a nt | 9 |
| sakkā 1 | ind | it is possible (to); one is able (to) | √sak 4 ṇo (be able, be powerful) | √sak + yā | 9 | |
| sakkā nu | idiom | is it possible (to)?; is one able (to)? | 9 | |||
| soracca | nt | kindness; gentleness; compassion; (comm) good conduct | √ram 1 a (delight, please) | su > so + √ram + ta + *ya | a nt | 9 |
| vattha 1.1 | nt | cloth; clothes; robe | √vas 8 *e (wear, dress) | √vas + ta | a nt | 9 |
| rūpa 3 | nt | (object of the eye) form; material form; shape; sight; appearance | √rūp 8 *e (form, produce) | √rūp + a | a nt | 9 |
| rūpa 1 | nt | matter; material thing; materiality; experience of material world; physical objects of consciousness; first of the five aggregates | √rūp 8 *e (form, produce) | √rūp + a | a nt | 9 |
| vatthu 2 | nt | site; location; base; grounds | √vas 1 a (live) | √vas + tu | u nt | 9 |
| yena 3 | ind | where; wherever; in which direction; to; towards | ya + ena | 9 | ||
| vicikicchituṃ | inf | to doubt; to be uncertain | √cit 8 sa (think, intend) | vi + cikiccha + ituṃ | 9 | |
| yena tena | idiom | where … there | 9 | |||
| yāva 1 | ind | as long as; as far as; so much so; up to; until; from … to | 9 | |||
| viññāṇa 1 | nt | awareness; consciousness; cognition; mind; fifth of the five aggregates | √ñā 5 nā (know) | vi + √ñā + aṇa | a nt | 9 |
| yāva tāva | idiom | as long as … then; as far as ... that much; until ... to that extent | 9 | |||
| yattha tattha | idiom | where … there | 9 | |||
| viriya | nt | effort; energy; might; power | √vīr 8 *e (be heroic, be hostile) | √vīr + iya | a nt | 9 |
| agāra 1 | nt | dwelling; building; house; hut | a nt | 9 | ||
| nāma 4 | nt | mental objects of consciousness; mentality; mental factors of feeling, perception, intention, contact and attention | a nt | 9 | ||
| pamāṇa 3 | nt | measure; measurement; length; size; amount; quantity | √mā 5 nā (measure) | pa + √mā + aṇa | a nt | 9 |
| itthatta 1 | nt | present state of existence; earthly existence; such an existence | ima + ttha + tta | a nt | 9 | |
| indriya 1 | nt | sense; mental faculty; power | indra + iya | a nt | 9 | |
| upaṭṭhāna 1 | nt | attending (to); waiting on; serving | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | upa + √ṭhā + ana | a nt | 9 |
| upasaṅkamituṃ | inf | to approach; to visit; to go (to) | √kam 1 a (go) | upa + saṃ + √kam + ituṃ | 9 | |
| upādāna 2 | nt | grasping; clinging; acquiring; appropriating; taking possession; identifying | √ādā 3 ya (take, seize) | upa + √ādā + ana | a nt | 9 |
| ūna 2 | nt | shortage; deficiency; lack; want; need | a nt | 9 | ||
| ottappa | nt | regret; shame in wrongdoing; respect for others; (comm) originating from outside | √tapp 1 a (regret) | ud > od + √tapp + *a | a nt | 9 |
| olokana | nt | looking (at); observing; checking | √lok 8 *e (look) | ava + √lok + ana | a nt | 9 |
| kaṅkhituṃ | inf | to doubt; to be uncertain (about) | √kaṅkh 1 a (doubt) | √kaṅkh + ituṃ | 9 | |
| katama | pron | what?; which (of the many)? | ka + tama | a pron | 9 | |
| kathaṃ 1 | ind | how? | ka + thaṃ | 9 | ||
| kallaṃ | ind | it is suitable (to); it is proper (to); it is fit (for) | √kal 8 *e (accomplish) | √kal + ya + aṃ | 9 | |
| kātuṃ 1 | inf | to do; to perform | √kar 7 o (do, make) | √kar + tuṃ | 9 | |
| kiṃ nu | idiom | why?; why indeed?; which? | 9 | |||
| kiṃ nu kho | idiom | why on earth!?; how indeed!?; which!?; which is it then!? | 9 | |||
| āsana 1 | nt | seat; chair | √ās 1 a (sit) | √ās + ana | a nt | 9 |
| kiṃ 2 | ind | how?; what? | ka > ki + iṃ | 9 | ||
| āyu 2 | nt | life force; life energy | √i 1 a (come, go) | ā + √i > ay + *u | u nt | 9 |
| alaṃ 3 | ind | enough; it is enough (for) | 9 | |||
| agāra 2 | nt | household life; domestic living | a nt | 9 | ||
| aññātuṃ | inf | to know; to understand | √ñā 5 nā (know) | ā + √ñā + tuṃ | 9 | |
| aṭṭhi 1.1 | nt | bone | i nt | 9 | ||
| atippago | ind | too early (to) | ati + pago | 9 | ||
| atthāya 2 | masc | fortunate (for); beneficial (for); useful (for) | √ar 1 a (move, attain) | √ar + tha + āya | a masc | 9 |
| adhicitta | nt | meditation; mental development; higher consciousness | √cit 8 *e (think, intend) | adhi + √cit + ta | a nt | 9 |
| anagāriya 1 | nt | homelessness; homeless state | na > an + agāra + iya | a nt | 9 | |
| aparihāna | nt | not deteriorating; not decreasing; non-declining; non-regressing (of) | √hā 3 ya (decrease) | na > a + pari + √hā + ana | a nt | 9 |
| abyositatta | nt | fact of not being perfected; fact of not being accomplished | √sā 1 a (complete, accomplish) | na > a + vi > vy > by + ava + √sā + ita + tta | a nt | 9 |
| abhinipajjituṃ | inf | to lie down (on); to lie (in) | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | abhi + ni + pajja + ituṃ | 9 | |
| abhinisīdituṃ | inf | to sit down (in); to sit (on) | √sad 1 a (sink, sit, settle) | abhi + ni + sīda + ituṃ | 9 | |
| amaritukāma | adj | not wishing to die | na > a + marituṃ + kāma | a adj | 9 | |
| arañña | nt | forest; wood; wild; wilderness | √ar 1 a (move, attain) | √ar + aṇa + ya | a nt | 9 |
| alaṃ 1 | ind | (it is) suitable (to); proper (to); appropriate (to); worthy (for) | 9 | |||
| alaṃ 2 | ind | is able (to); is possible (to); is capable (of) | ala + aṃ | 9 | ||
| alika 1 | nt | lie; falsehood; untruth | a nt | 9 | ||
| parinibbāna 1 | nt | (of mental defilement) complete quenching; total emancipation; complete cooling | √vā 1 a (blow, emit odour) | pari + nī + bā + ana | a nt | 9 |
| kula 1 | nt | family; house; household; respectable family | √kul 1 a (be close) | √kul + a | a nt | 9 |
| gantukāma | adj | wishing to go; wanting to go (from somewhere to somewhere) | gantuṃ + kāma | a adj | 9 | |
| dukkaṭa 3 | nt | class of vinaya offence; wrong-doing | √kar 7 o (do, make) | dur + √kar + ta | a nt | 9 |
| dukkha 3 | nt | discomfort; suffering; unease; unpleasantness; something unsatisfactory; trouble; a bummer; stress | √dukkh 1 a (be painful) | √dukkh + a | a nt east | 9 |
| dubbalya | nt | weakness; lack of strength; feebleness; incapability | √bal 1 a (be strong, live) | dur + √bal + a + ya | a nt | 9 |
| domanassa | nt | (mental) suffering; distress; discontent; dissatisfaction; dejection; depression; unhappiness; grief; negative state of mind | √man 3 ya (think) | dur > do + √man + as + *ya | a nt | 9 |
| dhana 1 | nt | wealth; riches; treasure | √dhan 1 a (be rich) | √dhan + a | a nt | 9 |
| na sukaraṃ | idiom | it is not easy (to); it is not easy to make | 9 | |||
| nakkhatta 1 | nt | constellation; zodiac; celestial object | √nakkh 1 a (attain, arrive) | √nakkh + a + tta | a nt | 9 |
| nanu | ind | surely?; but wouldn't?; is it true?; wasn't? | na + nu | 9 | ||
| yesu tesu | idiom | among whom … among them; in which … in those | 9 | |||
| nidāna 1 | nt | source; origin; foundation; cause; reason | √dā 3 ya (tie, bind) | ni + √dā + ana | a nt | 9 |
| nibbāna 2 | nt | (of mental defilement) complete quenching; total emancipation; complete cooling | √vā 1 a (blow, emit odour) | nī + √vā > bā + ana | a nt | 9 |
| nibbindituṃ | inf | to become dis-enchanted (with); to become disinterested (in); to be disillusioned (with); to lose interest (in) | √vid 2 ṃa (feel, like) | nī + binda + ituṃ | 9 | |
| nu | ind | (adds a question mark) surely?; didn't?; wouldn't?; which? | 9 | |||
| nu kho | idiom | does?; is?; would? | 9 | |||
| paccakkhāna | nt | denial; refusal; rejection | √khā 1 a (tell, announce) | pati > paty > pacc + ā + √khā + ana | a nt | 9 |
| dāna 1.2 | nt | alms; almsfood | √dā 1 a (give) | √dā + ana | a nt | 9 |
| khaṇḍicca | nt | brokenness; (comm) broken teeth | √khaṇḍ 8 *e (break) | √khaṇḍ + ita + ya | a nt | 9 |
| dāna 1.1 | nt | giving; offering; charity; generosity | √dā 1 a (give) | √dā + ana | a nt | 9 |
| tena 3 | ind | there | ta + ena | 9 | ||
| gantuṃ | inf | to go (to); to travel (to) | √gam 1 a (go) | √gam + tuṃ | 9 | |
| gamanāya | nt | to go (to); for going to see; for visiting | √gam 1 a (go) | √gam + ana + āya | a nt | 9 |
| gaha 2 | nt | house | √gah 6 ṇhā (grasp) | √gah + a | a nt | 9 |
| ghāna | nt | nose | √ghā 3 ya (smell) | √ghā + ana | a nt | 9 |
| cakkhu 1 | nt | eye | √cakkh 1 a (see) | √cakkh + u | u nt | 9 |
| carituṃ 1.2 | inf | to walk (in); to wander (in) | √car 1 a (move, walk) | √car + ituṃ | 9 | |
| citta 1.1 | nt | mind; heart | √cit 8 *e (think, intend) | √cit + ta | a nt | 9 |
| cīvara 1 | nt | robe; cloth; robe-cloth | a nt | 9 | ||
| jīvitukāma | adj | wishing to live; wanting to stay alive | jīvituṃ + kāma | a adj | 9 | |
| jhāna 2 | nt | meditation; stage of meditation | √jhā 3 ya (think, meditate) | √jhā + ana | a nt | 9 |
| taṃ kiṃ maññasi | idiom | what do you think about that?; what's your opinion on this? | 9 | |||
| tārituṃ | inf | to cross; to cross over | √tar 1 a (cross) | √tar > tār + ituṃ | 9 | |
| tāva 1 | ind | until then; that long | 9 | |||
| tila | nt | sesame seed | a nt | 9 | ||
| tena 2 | ind | thereby; because of that; on that account | ta + ena | 9 | ||
| dassanāya 2 | nt | in order to visit; for the purpose of seeing | √dis 1 a (see) | dassa + ana + āya | a nt | 9 |
| amanāpa 2 | nt | unpleasant experience; something disagreeable | na > a + manāpa | a nt | 9 |
| pali | pos | meaning | root | construction | pattern | cl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hāraka 1 | masc | carrier; bearer | √har 1 a (carry) | √har > hār + *aka | a masc | 2 |
| sekkha | masc | trainee; apprentice; learner; (comm) seven stages of a noble person before arahantship | √sikkh 1 a (learn, train) | √sikkh > sekkh + *a | a masc | 2 |
| suriya 1 | masc | sun | √sur 1 a (shine, be supreme) | √sur + a + iya | a masc | 2 |
| saṃsāra 1 | masc | wandering on; moving on continuously; transmigration; passing from one state of existence to another; stream of existence; cyclic existence | √sar 1 a (go, flow) | saṃ + √sar > sār + *a | a masc east | 2 |
| yamaka 2 | masc | name of a monk | √yam 1 a (support, stretch) | √yam + a + ka | a masc | 2 |
| bheda 3 | masc | schism; split; breakup; disunion | √bhid 2 ṃa (break, split) | √bhid > bhed + *a | a masc | 2 |
| dhamma 1.14 | masc | act; practice | √dhar 1 a (hold, carry, endure) | √dhar + ma | a masc | 2 |
| āhāra 1 | masc | food (for); fuel (for); sustenance (for); nutriment (for); (comm) condition | √har 1 a (take, seize) | ā + √har > hār + *a | a masc | 2 |
| ākaṅkhati | pr | wishes (for); wants; desires; aspires (for) | √kaṅkh 1 a (wish for) | ā + kaṅkha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| uddharati 2 | pr | removes; takes away; packs up | √dhar 1 a (hold, carry, endure) | ud + dhara + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| assasati | pr | inhales; breathes in | √sas 1 a (breath) | ā + sasa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| upavadati 1 | pr | blames; criticizes; finds fault (with) | √vad 1 a (say, speak) | upa + vada + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| upādiyati | pr | grasps; holds (onto); clings (to); takes possession (of) | √ādā 3 ya (take, seize) | upa + ādiya + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| ovadati | pr | advises; instructs; admonishes | √vad 1 a (say, speak) | ava + vada + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| pajānāti | pr | knows; knows clearly; understands; distinguishes | √ñā 5 nā (know) | pa + jānā + ti | āti pr | 3 |
| parinibbāyati 1 | pr | (of mental defilement) is completely quenched; is entirely emancipated; is completely cooled | √vā 1 a (blow, emit odour) | pari + nī + bāya + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| paripucchati | pr | asks about; questions; enquires; interrogates (somebody about something) | √pucch 1 a (ask, question) | pari + puccha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| passasati | pr | exhales; breathes out | √sas 1 a (breath) | pa + sasa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| anudhāvati 1 | pr | runs along; sprints along | √dhāv 1 a (run, flow) | anu + dhāva + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| sameti 2.2 | pr | agrees (with); matches (with); fits (with); fits in (with) | √i 1 a (come, go) | saṃ + e + ti | eti pr | 3 |
| seti 2 | pr | sleeps | √sī 1 a (lie, sleep) | se + ti | eti pr | 3 |
| ādeti 1 | pr | takes; grasps; gets; acquires | √ādā 3 ya (take, seize) | āde + ti | eti pr | 3 |
| brūhi | imp | say!; tell!; speak! | √brū 1 a (say) | √brū + hi | brūti pr | 4 |
| nāsakkhi | aor | was unable (to); was incapable (of); was not possible (to) | √sak 4 ṇo (be able, be powerful) | na + a + sakkho + i | i aor issaṃ | 5 |
| yogī | masc | meditator; practitioner | √yuj 2 ṃa (yoke, join) | √yuj > yoj > yog + *ī | ī masc | 5 |
| upaghātī | adj | who injures; who harms | √ghaṭ 8 *e (strike, kill) | upa + √ghaṭ > ghāṭ + *ī | ī adj | 5 |
| appamāda | masc | alertness; care; carefulness; caution; vigilance; diligence; conscientiousness; heedfulness | √mad 3 ya (be mad, be intoxicated) | na > a + pa + √mad > mād + *a | a masc | 5 |
| akkhātar | masc | speaker (of); who tells (about); who speaks (about); who expresses (about) | √khā 1 a (tell, announce) | ā + √khā + tar | ar masc | 6 |
| parivīmaṃsā | fem | thorough investigation; complete examination | √man 3 sa (think) | pari + vīmaṃsa + ā | ā fem | 7 |
| samācare | opt | could perform; would do | √car 1 a (act, behave) | saṃ + ā + cara + e | ati pr | 7 |
| gaccheyya | opt | could go; would move; would walk | √gam 1 a (go) | gaccha + eyya | ati pr | 7 |
| pajā 2 | fem | people; population; generation; mankind | √jan 3 ya (be born, produce) | pa + √jan + ā | ā fem | 7 |
| amutra | ind | there; in such-and-such a place | amu + tra | 8 | ||
| purato | ind | in front (of) | pura + to | 8 | ||
| sutvā | abs | having heard; having listened (to) | √su 4 ṇā (hear) | √su + tvā | 8 | |
| saritvā 1.1 | abs | having remembered; having recollected | √sar 1 a (remember) | √sar + itvā | 8 | |
| yato 2 | ind | since; because; due to the fact that; on account of which | ya + to | 8 | ||
| paṭiggahetvā 2 | abs | having received; having accepted | √gah 6 ṇhā (grasp) | pati + gahe + tvā | 8 | |
| pavana 1.1 | nt | woodland; forest | pa + vana | a nt | 9 | |
| tīra | nt | shore; riverbank; beach | √tir 1 a (cross) | √tir > tīr + *a | a nt | 9 |
| kati | pron | how many? | ka + ti | kati pron pl | 9 | |
| maṅgala 1 | nt | what is auspicious; blessing; good omen; prosperity | √maṅg 1 a (be auspicious) | √maṅg + ala | a nt | 9 |
| appaka 2 | nt | few things; few people; small amount | appa + ka | a nt | 9 | |
| sotthāna | nt | safety; sanctuary; well-fare; well-being; blessing | √as 1 a (be) | su > so + √as + ti + ana | a nt | 9 |
| vatta 1.1 | nt | custom; practice; way of life; behaviour | √vatt 1 a (be, proceed) | √vatt + a | a nt | 9 |
| ārogya 1 | nt | health; wellness; freedom from disease | √ruj 1 a (hurt, be painful) | na + √ruj > rog + *a + *ya | a nt | 9 |
| yena 2 | ind | because of; because of which | ya + ena | 9 | ||
| lohita 1 | nt | blood | a nt | 9 | ||
| anibbisanta | prp | not understanding; not penetrating; not finding; not getting hold (of) | √vis 1 a (enter) | na > a + nī + bisa + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| anupādiyanta | prp | not attaching (to); not taking as mine; not grasping (onto); not clinging (to); not taking possession (of) | √ādā 3 ya (take, seize) | na > an + upa + ādiya + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| anāpucchanta | prp | not asking permission; not taking leave; not informing (somebody about something) | √pucch 1 a (ask, question) | na > an + ā + puccha + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| yasmiṃ samaye | idiom | whenever; at whichever time | 10 | |||
| āpajjanta 1 | prp | arousing; exhibiting; producing; bringing into being | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | ā + pajja + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| sati 2.1 | prp | when is; when exists | √as 1 a (be) | sa + nta + ti | santa prp | 10 |
| sato | prp | when being; when is; when are | √as 1 a (be) | sa + nta + to | santa prp | 10 |
| pavicaranta | prp | examining; investigating; considering carefully | √car 1 a (move, walk) | pa + vi + cara + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| sabba 1 | pron | all; every | a pron | 10 | ||
| samanupassanta | prp | seeing; perceiving | √dis 1 a (see) | saṃ + anu + passa + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| atthaṅgate sūriye | idiom | after sunset | atthaṅgate + sūriye | 10 | ||
| sampassamāna | prp | seeing; observing; considering | √dis 1 a (see) | saṃ + passa + māna | māna prp | 10 |
| sammodamāna | prp | being friendly; being on good terms | √mud 1 *a (be soft, be happy) | saṃ + moda + māna | māna prp | 10 |
| sayāna | prp | lying down | √sī 1 a (lie, sleep) | saya + āna | āna prp | 10 |
| aññatara 2 | pron | one (of); either one (of) | añña + tara | a pron | 10 | |
| aññatara 1 | pron | a certain; a | añña + tara | a pron | 10 | |
| añña 1.1 | pron | another; other; different; someone else; not oneself | a pron | 10 | ||
| ajānanta | prp | not knowing; being ignorant (of) | √ñā 5 nā (know) | na > a + jānā + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| viharanta | prp | living (in); dwelling (in); staying (at); remaining (in); continuing (in) | √har 1 a (live) | vi + hara + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| anañña | pron | not another; no other | na > an + añña | a pron | 10 | |
| santa 1.1 | prp | existing; being; there is | √as 1 a (be) | sa + nta | santa prp | 10 |
| apassanta | prp | not seeing; not noticing; not aware | √dis 1 a (see) | na > a + passa + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| anussaranta | prp | remembering; recollecting; keeping in mind | √sar 1 a (remember) | anu + sara + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| ākaṅkhamāna | prp | wishing (for); desiring (for); seeking (for) | √kaṅkh 1 a (wish for) | ā + kaṅkha + māna | māna prp | 10 |
| itara 2 | pron | rest of | ima + tara | a pron | 10 | |
| imasmiṃ 2 | pron | when this | ima + smiṃ | ima pron | 10 | |
| avivadamāna | prp | not disputing; not quarrelling | √vad 1 a (say, speak) | na > a + vi + vada + māna | māna prp | 10 |
| assasanta | prp | inhaling; breathing in | √sas 1 a (breath) | ā + sasa + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| upapajjamāna | prp | being reborn; re-arising | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | upa + pajja + māna | māna prp | 10 |
| asamanupassanta | prp | not seeing; not perceiving | √dis 1 a (see) | na > a + saṃ + anu + passa + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| asante | prp | when there isn't; when not existing; when does not exist | √as 1 a (be) | na > a + sa + nta + e | santa prp | 10 |
| upādiyamāna | prp | grasping; holding (onto); clinging (to); taking possession (of) | √ādā 3 ya (take, seize) | upa + ādiya + māna | māna prp | 10 |
| ekacca 1 | pron | certain; one of | eka + tya | ekacca pron | 10 | |
| eva 1 | ind | only; just; merely; exclusively | 10 | |||
| asati 1.1 | prp | when isn't; when not existing | √as 1 a (be) | na > a + sa + nta + ti | anta prp | 10 |
| gacchanta | prp | going; walking; travelling | √gam 1 a (go) | gaccha + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| gavesanta | prp | seeking; searching (for); looking (for) | √gaves 1 a (seek, search) | gavesa + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| passasanta | prp | exhaling; breathing out | √sas 1 a (breath) | pa + sasa + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| gaḷanta | prp | flowing; dripping; trickling; oozing | √gal 1 a (drip, flow) | gaḷa + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| cavamāna | prp | falling away; dying | √cu 1 a (shift, fall away, die) | cava + māna | māna prp | 10 |
| jāgaranta | prp | awake; staying awake; alert; watchful; lucid | √jāgar 1 a (be awake, be watchful) | jāgara + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| jānanta | prp | knowing; being aware (of) | √ñā 5 nā (know) | jānā + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| viheṭhayanta | prp | harming; vexing; annoying; troubling | √heṭh 8 *aya (harass, annoy) | vi + heṭhaya + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| tassa 3 | pron | when he; when it | ta + ssa | ta pron | 10 | |
| tiṭṭhanta 1 | prp | standing (in); standing still | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | tiṭṭha + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| amu | pron | (of person or place or thing) that; such; so and so | amu pron | 10 | ||
| pakkamanta | prp | going away (from); leaving (from); departing (from) | √kam 1 a (go) | pa + kama + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| abhikkantāya rattiyā | idiom | as the evening passed; as the night progressed | abhikkantāya + rattiyā | 10 | ||
| paṭisevanta 1 | prp | practising; indulging (in); engaging (in) | √sev 1 a (serve, associate) | pati + seva + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| patthayamāna 1 | prp | wishing (for); aspiring (for) | √atth 8 *aya (wish for) | pa + atthaya + māna | māna prp | 10 |
| para 1 | pron | other; another (person) | a pron | 10 | ||
| ādiyamāna | prp | taking; grabbing; stealing | √ādā 3 ya (take, seize) | ādiya + māna | māna prp | 10 |
| passanta 1 | prp | seeing | √dis 1 a (see) | passa + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| caramāna | prp | walking (in); walking about (in); wandering around (in); going around (in) | √car 1 a (move, walk) | cara + māna | māna prp | 10 |
| tasmiṃ samaye | idiom | then; on that occasion; at that time | 10 |
| pali | pos | meaning | root | construction | pattern | cl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| paṭilābha | masc | obtaining (of); acquiring (of); gaining (of); personal acquisition (of) | √labh 1 a (get) | pati + √labh > lābh + *a | a masc | 2 |
| ogha 2 | masc | (of defilements) deluge; inundation; torrent | a masc | 2 | ||
| seda | masc | sweat; perspiration | √sid 3 ya (sweat, steam) | √sid > sed + *a | a masc | 2 |
| sāra 2 | masc | core; essence; substance; value | √sar 1 a (go, flow) | √sar > sār + *a | a masc | 2 |
| accaya 3 | masc | fault; offence; transgression | √i 1 a (come, go) | ati > aty > acc + √i > ay + *a | a masc | 2 |
| kampati | pr | shakes; trembles; wavers; is disturbed | √kamp 1 a (shake, tremble) | kampa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| pakkhandati 1 | pr | takes to it; gets it; gains confidence; is inspired; is eager | √khand 1 a (jump) | pa + khanda + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| paṭiggaṇhāti 2 | pr | (of an apology) accepts | √gah 6 ṇhā (grasp) | pati + gaṇhā + ti | āti pr | 3 |
| pariharati 3 | pr | takes care (of); looks after; maintains | √har 1 a (carry) | pari + hara + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| eti 1 | pr | comes (to) | √i 1 a (come, go) | e + ti | eti pr 2 | 3 |
| samanupassati 2 | pr | regards; considers; recognises (as); sees (as) | √dis 1 a (see) | saṃ + anu + passa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| kucchi 1 | masc | stomach; belly | √kus 1 *a (fill, enfold) | √kus + chi | i masc | 4 |
| adhiṭṭhahi 1 | aor | fixed attention (on) | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | adhi + ṭhaha + i | i aor | 4 |
| anuvattī | adj | following; acting according to; obedient to | √vatt 1 a (be, proceed) | anu + √vatt + ī | ī adj | 5 |
| ṭhassati | fut | will stand; will stay; will remain; will last | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | √ṭhā + ssa + ti | ssati fut | 5 |
| adassāvī | adj | who has no regard (for) | √dis 1 a (see) | na > a + dassa + āvī | ī adj | 5 |
| anatimānī | adj | who is not conceited; who is not arrogant; who is humble | √man 3 ya (think) | na > an + ati + √man > mān + *ī | ī adj | 5 |
| bahulī | adj | abundant; full of | √bah 1 a (increase) | √bah + u + la | ī adj | 5 |
| viññū 2 | masc | wise person; sage; knowledgable man; intelligent person | √ñā 5 nā (know) | vi + √ñā + ū | ū masc | 6 |
| kattar 1 | masc | creator; maker | √kar 7 o (do, make) | √kar + tar | ar masc | 6 |
| āyatiṃ | ind | in future | √yat 1 a (stretch, strive) | ā + √yat + i + iṃ | 6 | |
| ñatvā | abs | having known; having found out; having understood | √ñā 5 nā (know) | √ñā + tvā | 8 | |
| kāḷaka 2 | nt | stain; dirt; dirty mark | kāḷa + ka | a nt | 9 | |
| sīsa 1 | nt | head | a nt | 9 | ||
| uṭṭhāna 2 | nt | effort; exertion; initiative; activity | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | ud + √ṭhā + ana | a nt | 9 |
| yāni tāni | idiom | whoever … they; whichever … those | 9 | |||
| cela 2 | nt | clothes; garment | √cil 1 a (clothe) | √cil > cel + *a | a nt | 9 |
| ñāṇa 2 | nt | knowing (of); understanding (of); insight (into) | √ñā 5 nā (know) | √ñā + aṇa | a nt | 9 |
| nibbindanta | prp | being disenchanted (by); being disinterested (in); being disillusioned (by); losing interest (in) | √vid 2 ṃa (feel, like) | nī + binda + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| attani 2 | masc | when self; when oneself | atta + ani | a2 masc | 10 | |
| pariyodāta 1 | pp | pure; clean; shiny; bright | √dā 3 ya (be pure, be clean) | pari + [y] + ava + √dā + ta | a pp | 11 |
| parisuddha 1 | pp | clean; pure; bright; perfect | √sudh 3 ya (be pure) | pari + √sudh + ta | a pp | 11 |
| dukkha 2 | adj | painful | √dukkh 1 a (be painful) | √dukkh + a | a adj | 11 |
| parihārika | adj | looking after; taking care of | √har 1 a (carry) | pari + √har > hār + *a + ika | a adj | 11 |
| palokato | ind | as falling apart; as disintegrating | √luj 3 ya (be broken apart) | pa + √luj > log > lok + *a + to | 11 | |
| pasattha | pp | praised; commended; exalted (by) | √saṃs 1 a (proclaim, praise) | pa + √saṃs + ta | a pp | 11 |
| passaddha | pp | relaxed; calmed; tranquillised | √sambh 1 a (be calm, be confident) | pa + √sambh > sabh + ta | a pp | 11 |
| pavivitta | pp | separated; secluded; detached (from) | √vic 1 a (separate) | pa + vi + √vic + ta | a pp | 11 |
| pahīna | pp | abandoned; dispelled; eliminated; removed; given up | √hā 1 a (abandon) | pa + √hā > hī + na | a pp | 11 |
| dibba | adj | divine; heavenly; celestial | √div 3 ya (shine) | √div > dib + ya | a adj | 11 |
| pāpaka 1.1 | adj | bad; wicked; evil; wrong; worthless; harmful | pāpa + ka | aka adj | 11 | |
| pārājika 1 | adj | (vinaya) defeated; deposed; disqualified; expelled | √ji 1 a (conquer) | parā > pārā + √ji + *aka | a adj | 11 |
| piya 1 | adj | dear (to); beloved (by); loved (by) | √pī 5 nā (love, please) | √pī > piy + a | a adj | 11 |
| pīta 1.2 | nt | drinking; sipping | √pā 1 a (drink) | √pā > pī + ta | a nt | 11 |
| pubbaka 1 | adj | ancient; of old; former | pubba + ka | a adj | 11 | |
| dinna 1 | pp | given (to); offered (to) | √dā 1 a (give) | √dā > dī + na | a pp | 11 |
| purima 1 | adj | earlier; past; former; previous | pura + ima | a adj | 11 | |
| pesala | adj | well-behaved; good; honest | a adj | 11 | ||
| pāpa 1 | adj | evil; criminal; wrong; bad; vicious | aī adj | 11 | ||
| dukkhato 2 | ind | as suffering; as pain; as discomfort | √dukkh 1 a (be painful) | √dukkh + a + to | 11 | |
| parinibbuta 3 | pp | (of an arahant) died one's final death; attained final Nibbāna | √vā 1 a (blow, emit odour) | pari + nī + √vā > vu > bu + ta | a pp | 11 |
| nisinna 1 | pp | seated (in) | √sad 1 a (sink, sit, settle) | ni + sīda + na | a pp | 11 |
| nicca 1 | adj | permanent; lasting; ordered; stable; reliable; immutable | ni + tya | a adj | 11 | |
| pacālaka 1 | adj | swinging; swaying; shaking; nodding | √cal 1 a (shake, tremble) | pa + √cal > cāl + *aka | a adj | 11 |
| pacchato 2 | ind | behind; backwards | pacchā + to | 11 | ||
| nava 1.1 | adj | new; fresh | a adj | 11 | ||
| dhūta 1 | nt | ascetic practice | √dhū 5 nā (shake, smoke) | √dhū + ta | a nt | 11 |
| dhuva 1 | adj | stable; enduring; permanent; eternal; everlasting; epithet of Nibbāna | √dhuv 1 a (be firm, be solid) | √dhuv + a | a adj | 11 |
| dhammika 2 | adj | righteous; just; moral | √dhar 1 a (hold, carry, endure) | √dhar + ma + ika | a adj | 11 |
| phuṭṭha 2 | pp | afflicted (with); suffering (from) | √phus 1 a (touch) | √phus + ta | a pp | 11 |
| paṭisaṃyutta | pp | connected (to); concerned (with); related (to) | √yuj 2 ṃa (yoke, join) | pati + saṃ + √yuj + ta | a pp | 11 |
| paripūra 1 | adj | full; filled up; complete | √pūr 1 a (fill, fulfil) | pari + √pūr + a | a adj | 11 |
| paṇīta 2 | pp | fine; refined; excellent; superior; sublime | √nī 1 a (lead, carry) | pa + √nī + ta | a pp | 11 |
| dūrato | ind | from far away; from afar | √dū 1 a (go, run) | √dū + ra + to | 11 | |
| patta 3.1 | pp | reached; attained; gained; accomplished; found | √ap 4 uṇā (reach, attain) | pa + √ap + ta | a pp | 11 |
| duṭṭhulla 2 | adj | (of speech) rude; obscene; vulgar; coarse | √thūl 8 *e (be fat, be coarse) | dur + √thūl > thull + a | a adj | 11 |
| panta 2 | adj | secluded; isolated; solitary | pa + anta | a adj | 11 | |
| pabbajita 1 | masc | monk; monastic; renunciant; renunciate | √vaj 1 a (go on) | pa + √vaj > baj + ita | a masc | 11 |
| pabbajita 2 | pp | ordained (from); renounced (from) | √vaj 1 a (go on) | pa + √vaj > baj + ita | a pp | 11 |
| parama 1 | adj | highest; most extreme; very best; ultimate; superior; sublime | para + ma | a adj | 11 | |
| paricita 1 | pp | practised; rehearsed; consolidated; familiarized | √ci 5 nā (gather, accumulate) | pari + √ci + ta | a pp | 11 |
| dukkhita 1 | pp | afflicted; miserable; suffering | √dukkh 1 a (be painful) | √dukkh + ita | a pp | 11 |
| dūrama | adj | difficult to delight (in); hard to enjoy | √ram 1 a (delight, please) | dur > dū + √ram + a | a adj | 11 |
| paṭilābhato | ind | as personal acquisition; as gain | √labh 1 a (get) | pati + √labh > lābh + *a + to | 11 | |
| bhayato | ind | as dangerous; as fearful | √bhī 1 a (fear) | √bhī > bhay + *a + to | 11 | |
| bāla 1 | adj | foolish; ignorant; stupid; immature | a adj | 11 | ||
| sāyita 2 | nt | tasting; savouring | √sāy 1 a (taste) | √sāy + ita | a nt | 11 |
| sāra 1 | adj | essential; fundamental; substantial; valuable; sound | √sar 1 a (go, flow) | √sar > sār + *a | a adj | 11 |
| sārato | ind | as essential; as substantial; as valuable | √sar 1 a (go, flow) | √sar > sār + *a + to | 11 | |
| sārambha 2.1 | adj | harmful; hurtful; injurious | √rabh 1 a (be aroused, be violent) | sa + ā + rambha + a | a adj | 11 |
| sāruppa | adj | suitable (for); proper (for); appropriate (for) | √rūp 8 *e (form, produce) | sa > sā + √rūp + a + *ya | a adj | 11 |
| sukara 1 | adj | easily done; easy to do | √kar 7 o (do, make) | su + √kar + a | a adj | 11 |
| sukka 1 | adj | pure; bright | √suc 1 a (be pure, be bright) | √suc > suk + ra | a adj | 11 |
| sukhita | pp | pleased; delighted; blessed; comforted; happy | √sukh 1 a (please, be comfortable) | √sukh + ita | a pp | 11 |
| sukhuma 1 | adj | fine; subtle; refined | a adj | 11 | ||
| suññato | ind | as empty; as void; as essenceless | suñña + to | 11 | ||
| sutta 1.1 | pp | sleeping; asleep | √sup 1 a (lie down, sleep) | √sup + ta | a pp | 11 |
| suduttara | adj | extremely difficult to cross; very hard to escape | √tar 1 a (cross) | su + dur + √tar + a | a adj | 11 |
| sumedha 1 | adj | wise; sage | √medh 1 a (be wise) | su + √medh + ā + a | a adj | 11 |
| saṃvattanika 1 | adj | leading (to); headed (to); conducive (to); suitable (for) | √vatt 1 a (be, proceed) | saṃ + √vatt + ana + ika | a adj | 11 |
| susamāraddha | adj | resolutely undertaken; fully engaged with; energetically taken up; (comm) firmly held up | √rabh 1 a (begin) | su + saṃ + ā + √rabh + ta | a adj | 11 |
| suhuju | adj | very straight; very upright | √uj 1 a (be straight) | su + [h] + √uj + u | u adj | 11 |
| seyya 1.1 | adj | better (than); preferable (to) | sirī + *ya | a adj | 11 | |
| svākkhāta | adj | well taught; well preached; well explained | √khā 1 a (tell, announce) | su > sv + ā + √khā + ta | a adj | 11 |
| vāta 1 | masc | wind | √vā 1 a (blow, emit odour) | √vā + ta | a masc | 11 |
| vimutta 1 | pp | freed (from); liberated (from); emancipated (from) | √muc 2 ṃa (release, free) | vi + √muc + ta | a pp | 11 |
| viraja | adj | pure; stainless; untainted | √raj 1 a (colour) | vi + √raj + a | a adj | 11 |
| visuddha 1 | pp | cleansed; purified; refined | √sudh 3 ya (be pure) | vi + √sudh + ta | a pp | 11 |
| vissuta | pp | famous; renowned; heard of far and wide | √su 4 ṇā (hear) | vi + √su + ta | a pp | 11 |
| vutta 2.1 | pp | said; told; spoken; mentioned | √vac 1 a (say, speak) | √vac > vuc + ta | a pp | 11 |
| vusita 1 | pp | fulfilled; completed; finished | √vas 1 a (live) | √vas > vus + ita | a pp | 11 |
| hata 2 | pp | killed (by); slain (by) | √han 1 a (strike, kill) | √han + ta | a pp | 11 |
| hita 3 | nt | welfare (of); good (of); benefit (of); blessing | √dhā 1 a (place, support) | √dhā > (da)h + ita | a nt | 11 |
| hīna 1 | pp | low; inferior; deficient | √hā 3 ya (decrease) | √hā > hī + na | a pp | 11 |
| suvaca | adj | easy to instruct; obedient; compliant | √vac 1 a (say, speak) | su + √vac + a | a adj | 11 |
| bahu | adj | many; much; lots (of); a lot (of); great; large | √bah 1 a (increase) | √bah + u | u adj | 11 |
| sassata | adj | eternal; everlasting; endless; perpetual; (comm) existing forever | sassati + a | a adj | 11 | |
| sammata 2 | pp | authorized; appointed; assigned; designated (by) | √man 3 ya (think) | saṃ + √man + ta | a pp | 11 |
| buddha 1 | masc | Buddha; Awakened One | √budh 3 ya (know, wake up) | √budh + ta | a masc | 11 |
| byatta | pp | experienced; learned; competent; trained; (comm) with clear understanding | √añj 8 *e (distinguish) | vi > vy > by + √añj + ta | a pp | 11 |
| bhatta 1.1 | nt | food; boiled rice | √bhaj 1 a (divide, distribute) | √bhaj + ta | a nt | 11 |
| diṭṭha 1.1 | pp | seen; found; visible | √dis 1 a (see) | √dis + ta | a pp | 11 |
| bhāsita 1 | nt | saying; speech; statement; utterance; talk; words | √bhās 1 a (speak) | √bhās + ita | a nt | 11 |
| bhujissa 1 | adj | cleansing; freeing; liberating | a adj | 11 | ||
| bhūta 03 | nt | being; living being; entity | √bhū 1 a (be, become) | √bhū + ta | a nt | 11 |
| majjhima 1 | adj | middle; middling; medium; medium-sized; moderate | majjha + ima | a adj | 11 | |
| manāpa 1 | adj | pleasant; likeable; attractive; agreeable | a adj | 11 | ||
| mahanta 1 | adj | big; great; large; grand; vast; extensive | √mah 1 a (increase) | maha + nta | anta adj | 11 |
| mudu 1 | adj | soft; mild | √mud 1 a (be soft, be happy) | √mud + u | u adj | 11 |
| methuna 1 | adj | sexual | √mith 1 a (pair) | √mith > meth + una + *a | a adj | 11 |
| yāvataka | adj | as much as; as long as; as big as; as far as | yāva + tā + ka | a adj | 11 | |
| sallato | ind | as an arrow; as a dagger | salla + to | 11 | ||
| yiṭṭha 1 | pp | given (as a gift); offered | √yaj 1 a (honour, sacrifice) | √yaj > yij + ta | a pp | 11 |
| laddha 1 | pp | obtained; gained; won; received | √labh 1 a (get) | √labh > ladh + ta | a pp | 11 |
| saka 1 | adj | one's own; my own | sa + ka | a adj | 11 | |
| sagga 1.1 | adj | heavenly | √sar 1 a (shine) | √sar + ga | a adj | 11 |
| saccato | ind | as true; truly; really | √as 1 a (be) | sa + tya + to | 11 | |
| sata 1.1 | pp | mindful; present; attentive | √sar 1 a (remember) | √sar + ta | a pp | 11 |
| santuṭṭha 1 | pp | satisfied; pleased; content; happy with | √tus 3 ya (be content, be pleased) | saṃ + √tus + ta | a pp | 11 |
| sandiṭṭhika | adj | directly visible; evident; real; perceivable; (comm) able to be seen by oneself | √dis 1 a (see) | saṃ + √dis + ti + ka | a adj | 11 |
| samagga 1 | adj | unified; united; in concord; harmonious; in agreement | saṃ + agga | a adj | 11 | |
| samannāgata | pp | possessing; endowed (with); having | √gam 1 a (go) | saṃ + anu > ann + ā + √gam + ta | a pp | 11 |
| samāhita 1 | pp | composed; centred; settled; collected | √dhā 1 a (place, support) | saṃ + ā + √dhā > (da)h + ita | a pp | 11 |
| samiñjita 2 | pp | bent back; folded back; flexed back | √iñj 1 a (move, shake) | saṃ + √iñj + ita | a pp | 11 |
| sampajāna 1 | adj | clearly aware; fully knowing; completely comprehending | √ñā 5 nā (know) | saṃ + pa + jānā + a | a adj | 11 |
| sambuddha 1 | masc | Awakened One; Buddha; who is wide awake; who has completely understood | √budh 3 ya (know, wake up) | saṃ + √budh + ta | a masc | 11 |
| rogato | ind | as disease; as illness | √ruj 1 a (hurt, be painful) | √ruj > rog + *a + to | 11 | |
| dakkhiṇa 1 | adj | right (hand side) | √dakkh 1 a (be able, please) | √dakkh + iṇa | a adj | 11 |
| akata 2 | pp | not made; not created | √kar 7 o (do, make) | na > a + √kar + ta | a pp | 11 |
| thūla 2 | adj | gross; coarse | √thūl 8 *e (be fat, be coarse) | √thūl + a | a adj | 11 |
| anissita 1 | pp | detached (from); disengaged (from); separated (from); independent (of) | √si 1 a (depend on, associate with) | na > a + ni + √si + ta | a pp | 11 |
| anuṭṭhita 1.1 | pp | practised; established; (comm) repeatedly practised | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | anu + √ṭhā + ita | a pp | 11 |
| anuttara | adj | highest (of); unsurpassed (by); incomparable (to); superior (to) | na > an + ud + tara | a adj | 11 | |
| aneka | adj | many; various; countless | na > an + eka | eka adj | 11 | |
| anoka 1 | adj | homeless; without worldly attachment | √uc 3 ya (comfort) | na > an + √uc > ok + *a | a adj | 11 |
| andha 1.2 | adj | blind; sightless; visually impaired | a adj | 11 | ||
| apagata 1 | pp | without; free (from); with no | √gam 1 a (go) | apa + √gam + ta | a pp | 11 |
| apara 1 | adj | another; after; further; next | apa + ra | a adj | 11 | |
| aparājita 1 | pp | unconquered; undefeated; victorious; triumphant | √ji 1 a (conquer) | na > a + parā + √ji + ta | a pp | 11 |
| aparāmaṭṭha | pp | not grasped; not clung to; (comm) irreproachable | √mas 1 a (touch, rub) | na > a + parā + √mas + ta | a pp | 11 |
| aparikkamana | adj | not accessible; not approachable | √kam 1 a (go) | na > a + pari + √kam + ana | a adj | 11 |
| aparimita | pp | immeasurable; limitless | √mā 5 nā (measure) | na > a + pari + √mā > mi + ta | a pp | 11 |
| animitta 1 | pp | signless; featureless; free of mental images | √mā 5 nā (measure) | na > a + ni + √mā > mi + ta | a pp | 11 |
| apariyādinna 1 | pp | not used up; not exhausted; not consumed; not run out | √ādā 3 ya (take, seize) | na > a + pari + [y] + √ādā > ādī + na | a pp | 11 |
| abbhuggata | pp | arisen (about); spread (about); circulated (about) | √gam 1 a (go) | abhi > abhy > abbh + ud + √gam + ta | a pp | 11 |
| abyatta | pp | inexperienced; incompetent; inept; untrained | √añj 8 *aya (distinguish) | na > a + vi > vy > by + √añj + ta | a pp | 11 |
| abhikkanta 3 | pp | advanced; progressed; moved on; (comm) ending; depletion | √kam 1 a (go) | abhi + √kam + ta | a pp | 11 |
| abhūta 1 | pp | not become; not happened | √bhū 1 a (be, become) | na > a + √bhū + ta | a pp | 11 |
| ariya 1 | adj | noble; distinguished; of an awakened being; of the Buddha | a adj | 11 | ||
| aroga | adj | healthy; free from disease | √ruj 1 a (hurt, be painful) | na > a + √ruj > rog + *a | a adj | 11 |
| asaṅkhata | pp | unconditioned; not created; unformed; unconstructed; epithet of Nibbāna; (comm) not made | √kar 7 o (do, make) | na > a + saṃ + √kar > khar + ta | a pp | 11 |
| asabala | adj | unspotted; not mottled; not patchy | na > a + sabala | a adj | 11 | |
| asammuṭṭha | pp | unmuddled; without confusion; not forgotten | √mus 3 ya (lie, forget) | na > a + saṃ + √mus + ta | a pp | 11 |
| asallīna | pp | active; not sluggish | √lī 3 ya (stick, hide) | na > a + saṃ + √lī + na | a pp | 11 |
| asaṃvāsa 1 | adj | (vinaya) expelled; excommunicated; unaffiliated; not part of the community | √vas 1 a (live) | na > a + saṃ + √vas > vās + *a | a adj | 11 |
| asāra | adj | essenceless; substanceless; worthless; useless | √sar 1 a (go, flow) | na > a + √sar > sār + *a | a adj | 11 |
| appavārita | pp | uninvited; not asked; unoffered | √var 8 *e (wish, choose) | na > a + pa + vāre + ita | a pp | 11 |
| aniccato | ind | as impermanent; as unstable; as transient; as unreliable | na > a + nicca + to | 11 | ||
| anicca 1 | adj | impermanent; inconstant; not lasting; discontinuous; disordered; unstable; unreliable; irregular | na > a + ni + tya | a adj | 11 | |
| anātura | adj | healthy; free from suffering | √tur 1 a (hurt, be sick) | na > an + ā + √tur + a | a adj | 11 |
| akammāsa | adj | unblemished; spotless; pure | na > a + kammāsa | a adj | 11 | |
| akālika 1 | adj | immediate; (comm) giving immediate fruit | √kal 8 *e (spend time) | na > a + √kal > kāl + *a + ika | a adj | 11 |
| akālika 2 | adj | timeless; not limited to a particular time | √kal 8 *e (spend time) | na > a + √kal > kāl + *a + ika | a adj | 11 |
| akiñcana | adj | with nothing; is nothing; having no; possession-less; epithet of an arahant | na > a + kiñci + ana | a adj | 11 | |
| akusala 3 | adj | unhealthy; unwholesome; unskilful; unbeneficial; kammically unprofitable | na > a + kusala | a adj | 11 | |
| akovida | adj | unskilled (in); not expert (in); not proficient (in); not a master (of) | √vid 1 a (know) | na > a + ku > ko + √vid + *a | a adj | 11 |
| akkhāta | pp | said; told; declared; announced (by) | √khā 1 a (tell, announce) | ā + √khā + ta | a pp | 11 |
| akhaṇḍa | adj | unbroken; unfragmented; whole | √khaṇḍ 8 *e (break) | na > a + √khaṇḍ + a | a adj | 11 |
| agilāna 1 | adj | not sick; healthy | √gilā 3 ya (be sick, be tired) | na > a + √gilā + ana | a adj | 11 |
| aghato | ind | as trouble; as pain; as bad | agha + to | 11 | ||
| acakkhuka | adj | sightless; visionless | √cakkh 1 a (see) | na > a + √cakkh + u + ka | a adj | 11 |
| acira | adj | (of time) not long; soon; recent | na > a + cira | a adj | 11 | |
| acchidda 1 | pp | unbroken; flawless; without cracks | √chid 2 ṃa (cut, steal) | na > a + √chid + ta | a pp | 11 |
| ajāta 1 | pp | unborn; uncreated; unproduced | √jan 3 ya (be born, produce) | na > a + √jan > jā + ta | a pp | 11 |
| aṇu 2 | adj | subtle; fine | u adj | 11 | ||
| atīta 2 | pp | past; gone past; bygone | √i 1 a (come, go) | ati + √i + ta | a pp | 11 |
| attaniya | adj | one's own; belonging to oneself; fit to be a self | atta + [n] + iya | a adj | 11 | |
| adinna 1.1 | nt | which is not given; something not offered | √dā 1 a (give) | na > a + √dā > dī + na | a nt | 11 |
| addhuva | adj | not stable; not enduring; not eternal | √dhuv 1 a (be firm, be solid) | na > a + √dhuv + a | a adj | 11 |
| adhigata 1 | pp | got; acquired; attained; achieved | √gam 1 a (go) | adhi + √gam + ta | a pp | 11 |
| anaṅgaṇa | adj | spotless; blemish free | √añj 1 a (smear, anoint) | na > an + √añj > aṅg + aṇa | a adj | 11 |
| anatta 1 | adj | impersonal; not oneself; non-subjective; not suitable to identify with; coreless; essenceless | na > an + atta | a adj | 11 | |
| anattato | ind | as impersonal; as not oneself; as non-subjective | na > an + atta + to | 11 | ||
| analasa | adj | active; energetic; industrious; not lazy | √las 1 a (shine, be active) | na > a + na + √las + a | a adj | 11 |
| anavasesa 1 | adj | all; without exception | √sis 8 *e (remain, distinguish) | na > an + ava + √sis > ses + *a | a adj | 11 |
| anāgata 1 | pp | not come; not arrived; not present | √gam 1 a (go) | na > an + ā + √gam + ta | a pp | 11 |
| anāgata 2 | pp | future | √gam 1 a (go) | na > an + ā + √gam + ta | a pp | 11 |
| asārato | ind | as unessential; as insubstantial; as valueless; as essenceless | √sar 1 a (go, flow) | na > a + √sar > sār + *a + to | 11 | |
| dakkha | adj | expert; skilled; able; adroit | √dakkh 1 a (be able, please) | √dakkh + a | a adj | 11 |
| asāraddha | pp | unagitated; unaroused; unexcited; calm | √rabh 1 a (be aroused, be violent) | na > a + saṃ > sā + √rabh + ta | a pp | 11 |
| asubha 1 | adj | ugly; disgusting; foul; unattractive | √subh 1 *a (shine, adorn) | na > a + √subh + a | a adj | 11 |
| kata 1 | pp | done; did; completed | √kar 7 o (do, make) | √kar + ta | a pp | 11 |
| kanta 1.1 | pp | charming (to); pleasant (to); desirable; agreeable (to) | √kam 8 *e (desire) | √kam + ta | a pp | 11 |
| kammaniya | adj | ready; workable; suitable for use; functional | √kar 7 o (do, make) | √kar + ma + aniya | a adj | 11 |
| kalyāṇa 1 | adj | good; favourable; propitious; beneficial; lovely | aī adj | 11 | ||
| kāsāya 1 | adj | organic brown; colour of Buddhist monks' robes | kasāya > kāsāya + *a | a adj | 11 | |
| kupita | pp | indignant; angry; annoyed; outraged; offended | √kup 3 ya (shake, be angry) | √kup + ita | a pp | 11 |
| kusala 1 | adj | healthy; beneficial; useful; good; wholesome; karmically profitable | a adj | 11 | ||
| kevala 1 | adj | all; whole lot; altogether; total; entire; complete | a adj | 11 | ||
| khata 1.1 | pp | hurt; injured | √khan 1 a (hurt, break) | √khan + ta | a pp | 11 |
| khāyita 2 | nt | eating; chewing | √khād 1 a (chew) | √khād > khāy + ita | a nt | 11 |
| khīṇa 1 | pp | consumed; spent; finished; exhausted; slowly destroyed | √khī 1 a (exhaust, destroy) | √khī + na | a pp | 11 |
| khudda | adj | small; minute; tiny | a adj | 11 | ||
| kaṇha 1 | adj | dark; black | a adj | 11 | ||
| khema 1 | adj | well; safe; secure; at peace; at rest | √khi 1 a (live, abide peacefully) | √khi > khe + *ma | a adj | 11 |
| garu 3 | adj | respected; esteemed | √gar 1 a (esteem, be heavy) | √gar + u | u adj | 11 |
| cira | adj | (of time) long | a adj | 11 | ||
| cuta 1.1 | pp | passed away; died | √cu 1 a (shift, fall away, die) | √cu + ta | a pp | 11 |
| chaḍḍita | pp | thrown away; discarded; abandoned; disposed of | √chaḍḍ 8 *e (discard, abandon) | √chaḍḍ + ita | a pp | 11 |
| jāgara | adj | awake; alert; lucid | √jāgar 1 a (be awake, be watchful) | √jāgar + a | a adj | 11 |
| jina 1 | masc | conqueror; victor; champion; epithet of the Buddha | √ji 5 nā (conquer) | √ji + na | a masc | 11 |
| jīvita 1 | nt | life; existence | √jīv 1 a (live) | √jīv + ita | a nt | 11 |
| huta 2 | pp | offered | √hu 1 a (pour, offer as oblation) | √hu + ta | a pp | 11 |
| ṭhita 2 | pp | stationary; stable; stabilised; motionless; immovable | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | √ṭhā + ita | a pp | 11 |
| ṭhita 3 | pp | remained; stayed; was | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | √ṭhā + ita | a pp | 11 |
| tasa | adj | moving; mobile; (comm) with craving | √tas 1 a (tremble, fear) | √tas + a | a adj | 11 |
| thāvara | adj | stationary; stable; immobile; arahant; (comm) without craving | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | √ṭhā + [v] + ara | a adj | 11 |
| gaṇḍato | ind | as a boil; as an abscess | gaṇḍa + to | 11 | ||
| oḷārika 1 | adj | coarse; gross; substantial; physical; material | √ar 1 a (move, attain) | ud > oḷ + √ar > ār + *a + *ika | a adj | 11 |
| ovadita | pp | advised; instructed; taught; admonished | √vad 1 a (say, speak) | ava + √vad + ita | a pp | 11 |
| opanayika | adj | pragmatic; applicable; relevant | √nī 1 a (lead, carry) | upa > opa + √nī > nay + *a + *ika | a adj | 11 |
| asesa | adj | complete; without remainder | √sis 8 *e (remain, distinguish) | na > a + √sis > ses + *a | a adj | 11 |
| asoka 1 | adj | sorrow-free; free from sadness | √suc 1 *a (grieve) | na > a + √suc > soc > sok + *a | a adj | 11 |
| avakkhitta | pp | dropped; thrown down | √khip 1 a (throw) | ava + √khip + ta | a pp | 11 |
| avaṅkata | adj | not crooked; non-dishonest | √vañc 8 *e (be bent, deceive) | na > a + √vañc > vaṅk + a + tā + a | a adj | 11 |
| avañjha | adj | productive; profitable; successful | na > a + vañjha | a adj | 11 | |
| avinīta | pp | untrained (in); uneducated (about); undisciplined (in) | √nī 1 a (lead, carry) | na > a + vi + √nī + ta | a pp | 11 |
| āgata 3 | pp | come (from); arrived (from); returned (from) | √gam 1 a (go) | ā + √gam + ta | a pp | 11 |
| āditta | pp | blazing; burning; on fire | √dīp 3 ya (shine, explain) | ā + √dīp + ta | a pp | 11 |
| ābādhato | ind | as disease; as sickness; as illness; as affliction; as oppressive | √bādh 1 a (press, oppress) | ā + √bādh + a + to | 11 | |
| ābādhika | adj | sick; ill | √bādh 1 a (press, oppress) | ā + √bādh + a + ika | a adj | 11 |
| āraddha 1.1 | pp | aroused; applied; undertaken | √rabh 1 a (begin) | ā + √rabh + ta | a pp | 11 |
| āsevita 1 | pp | practised persistently | √sev 1 a (serve, associate) | ā + √sev + ita | a pp | 11 |
| iṭṭha 1.1 | pp | pleasing; likeable; cherished; wished for | √is 1 a (wish for) | √is + ta | a pp | 11 |
| uggahīta | pp | grasped; held onto; raised up | √gah 6 ṇhā (grasp) | ud + √gah + ita | a pp | 11 |
| uju 1 | adj | straight; upright; erect | √uj 1 a (be straight) | √uj + u | u adj | 11 |
| uttama 1 | adj | best; highest; ultimate; supreme; top | ud + tama | a adj | 11 | |
| uttari 1.1 | adj | superior; supreme; better; higher | ud + tara + i | i adj | 11 | |
| upaṭṭhita 1 | pp | present; in attendance | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | upa + √ṭhā + ita | a pp | 11 |
| upadduta | pp | afflicted (by); troubled (by); persecuted (by); oppressed (by); tyrannized (by) | √du 1 a (burn, torment) | upa + √du + ta | a pp | 11 |
| upahata 1 | pp | injured; impaired; broken; deteriorated | √han 1 a (strike, kill) | upa + √han + ta | a pp | 11 |
| upekkhaka | adj | mental poised; mentally balanced; equanimous; non-reactive; looking on; disregarding | √ikkh 1 a (see, mark) | upa + ikkha + ā + ka | aka adj | 11 |
| uppanna 1 | pp | arisen; appeared; come into being (in) | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | ud + √pad + na | a pp | 11 |
| ussuka | adj | zealously desiring; ambitious; anxiously striving (for); anxious (about); agitated; stressed | ud + su + ka | a adj | 11 | |
| eka 3 | adj | alone; single; solitary | eka adj | 11 | ||
| ekaka 1 | adj | alone; solitary | eka + ka | a adj | 11 | |
| odāta 1 | pp | white | √dā 3 ya (be pure, be clean) | ava + √dā + ta | a pp | 11 |
| onaddha | pp | enveloped (with); covered (with); wrapped (with) | √nadh 2 ṃa (wrap, twist) | ava + √nadh + ta | a pp | 11 |
| asita 1.2 | nt | eating | √as 1 a (eat) | √as + ita | a nt | 11 |
| jeṭṭha 1 | adj | first; elder; eldest; foremost | a adj | 11 |
| pali | pos | meaning | root | construction | pattern | cl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| parivaṭṭa 2 | masc | round; revolution; repetition; cycle | √vaṭṭ 1 a (turn) | pari + √vaṭṭ + a | a masc | 2 |
| nivāsa 1.3 | masc | life; existence | √vas 1 a (live) | ni + √vas > vās + *a | a masc | 2 |
| parābhava | masc | ruin; downfall; disgrace | √bhū 1 a (be, become) | parā + √bhū > bhav + *a | a masc | 2 |
| pariṇāyaka 1 | masc | counsellor; adviser; strategist | √nī 1 a (lead, carry) | pari + √nī > ṇāy + *aka | a masc | 2 |
| pāṇa 3 | masc | being; living being | √an 1 a (breathe, blow) | pa + √an + a | a masc | 2 |
| byāpāda | masc | dislike; ill-will; hatred; hostility; enmity; malevolence (towards) | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | vi > vy > by + ā + √pad > pād + *a | a masc | 2 |
| bhava 3 | masc | state of existence; form of becoming | √bhū 1 a (be, become) | √bhū > bhav + *a | a masc | 2 |
| anuvattaka 3 | masc | follower; partisan; who sides (with) | √vatt 1 a (be, proceed) | anu + √vatt + aka | a masc | 2 |
| apāya 1 | masc | state of loss; state of misery | √i 1 a (come, go) | apa + √i > ay + *a | a masc | 2 |
| gimha | masc | heat; warmth | a masc | 2 | ||
| gaṇḍa 1 | masc | boil; abscess | a masc | 2 | ||
| ākāra 1.2 | masc | aspect; facet; detail; property; quality; attribute | √kar 7 o (do, make) | ā + √kar > kār + *a | a masc | 2 |
| vijānāti 1 | pr | comprehends; understands; recognises; distinguishes; is aware (of) | √ñā 5 nā (know) | vi + jānā + ti | āti pr | 3 |
| ādiyati 1 | pr | takes; grasps; embraces | √ādā 3 ya (take, seize) | ādiya + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| abhaṇi | aor | spoke; recited | √bhaṇ 1 a (talk, speak) | a + √bhaṇ + i | i aor | 4 |
| kabaḷī | masc | lump; morsel; mouthful; lump of food | kabaḷa > kabaḷī | ī masc | 5 | |
| sañcetanā | fem | wishing; intending; willing; making a choice | √cit 8 *e (think, intend) | saṃ + √cit > cet + *anā | ā fem | 7 |
| disvā | abs | having seen; having understood; having found out | √dis 1 a (see) | √dis + tvā | 8 | |
| kukkuṭī | fem | hen; chicken | kukkuṭa + ī | ī fem | 8 | |
| satti 1 | fem | spear; javelin; weapon | √sak 4 ṇo (be able, be powerful) | √sak + ti | i fem | 8 |
| paṭissutvā | abs | having agreed (with); having responded in agreement (to); having assented (to) | √su 4 ṇā (hear) | pati + √su + tvā | 8 | |
| ratana 1.1 | nt | jewel; gem; gemstone | a nt | 9 | ||
| loṇa 2 | nt | sea-salt; brine | a nt | 9 | ||
| mukha 5 | nt | cause; means; way; (comm) door; source | a nt | 9 | ||
| api nu | idiom | is?; did?; are?; who?; what?; how?; would? | 9 | |||
| gimhāna | nt | hot season; summer | gimha + ā + ana | a nt | 9 | |
| abhiṭhāna | nt | deadly sin; heinous crime; great wrong | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | abhi + √ṭhā + ana | a nt | 9 |
| aṇḍa 1 | nt | egg | a nt | 9 | ||
| duccarita 2 | nt | misconduct; misbehaviour; bad behaviour (by) | √car 1 a (act, behave) | dur + √car + ita | a nt | 9 |
| vassa 3 | nt | year | √vass 1 a (rain) | √vass + a | a nt | 9 |
| taṃ kiṃ maññatha | idiom | what do you think?; how do you feel about? | 9 | |||
| tiṭṭhamāna | prp | standing; remaining | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | tiṭṭha + māna | māna prp | 10 |
| ima 1.1 | pron | this | ima pron | 10 | ||
| pamatta 1 | pp | careless; heedless; negligent; inattentive | √mad 3 ya (be mad, be intoxicated) | pa + √mad + ta | a pp | 11 |
| suvisuddha | adj | well cleansed; perfectly purified; completely pure | √sudh 3 ya (be pure) | su + vi + √sudh + ta | a adj | 11 |
| sāhāra 1 | adj | with fuel; with nutriment; with sustenance | √har 1 a (take, seize) | sa + ā + √har > hār + *a | a adj | 11 |
| vippamutta | pp | freed (from); released (from); saved (from) | √muc 2 ṃa (release, free) | vi + pa + √muc + ta | a pp | 11 |
| puṭṭha 1.1 | pp | asked; questioned (about) | √pucch 1 a (ask, question) | √pucch + ta | a pp | 11 |
| acchariya 1 | adj | wonderful; marvellous; epithet of Nibbāna | acchara + iya | a adj | 11 | |
| oḷārika 2 | adj | (of food) solid; heavy; substantial | √ar 1 a (move, attain) | ud > oḷ + √ar > ār + *a + *ika | a adj | 11 |
| abbhuta 1 | adj | marvellous; extraordinary; unbelievable; astonishing; epithet of Nibbāna | abbhu + ta | a adj | 11 | |
| anuppanna | pp | unborn; unarisen; not existing; nonexistent | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | na > an + ud + √pad + na | a pp | 11 |
| anāhāra | adj | without fuel; without nutriment | √har 1 a (take, seize) | na > an + ā + √har > hār + *a | a adj | 11 |
| eka 1 | card | one (1) | eka card | 12 | ||
| sata 2.1 | card | one hundred (100) | a2 card | 12 | ||
| satta 1.1 | card | seven (7) | a1 card | 12 | ||
| sattama 1.1 | ordin | seventh (7th) | satta + ma | a ordin east | 12 | |
| ti 1 | card | three (3) | ti card | 12 | ||
| aṭṭhārasa 1 | card | eighteen (18) | aṭṭha > aṭṭhā + dasa + *a | a1 card | 12 | |
| soḷasa 1 | card | sixteen (16) | cha > soḷ + dasa | a1 card | 12 | |
| aṭṭhasata | card | one hundred and eight (108) | aṭṭha + sata | a2 card | 12 | |
| aṭṭhama 1 | ordin | eighth (8th) | aṭṭha + ma | aī ordin | 12 | |
| aṭṭha 1.1 | card | eight (8) | a1 card | 12 | ||
| vīsati | card | twenty (20) | dvi + dasa + ti | i card | 12 | |
| ekādasa 1 | card | eleven (11) | eka > ekā + dasa + *a | a1 card | 12 | |
| sahassa 1 | card | one thousand (1000) | a2 card | 12 | ||
| catu | card | four (4) | catu card | 12 | ||
| catuttha 1 | ordin | fourth (4th) | catu + ttha | aī ordin | 12 | |
| dutiya 1 | ordin | second (2nd) | dvi > du + tiya | a ordin | 12 | |
| dvādasa 1 | card | twelve (12) | dvi > dva > dvā + dasa + *a | a1 card | 12 | |
| nava 2.1 | card | nine (9) | a1 card | 12 | ||
| navama | ordin | ninth (9th) | nava + ma | aī ordin | 12 | |
| tatiya 1.1 | ordin | third (3rd) | ti > ta + tiya | a ordin | 12 | |
| pañca | card | five (5) | a1 card | 12 | ||
| pañcama | ordin | fifth (5th) | pañca + ma | aī ordin | 12 | |
| paññāsā | card | fifty (50) | pañca + dasa + ā | ā card | 12 | |
| chattiṃsā | card | thirty-six (36) | chaḷ + tiṃsā | ā card | 12 | |
| paṭhama 1 | ordin | first (1st); prime | pa + tama > ṭhama | a ordin | 12 | |
| chaṭṭha | ordin | sixth (6th) | cha + ṭṭha | aī ordin | 12 | |
| cha 2.1 | card | six (6) | a1 card | 12 | ||
| cattālīsā | card | forty (40) | catu + dasa + *ā | ā card | 12 | |
| cattārīsā | card | forty (40) | catu + dasa + *ā | ā card | 12 | |
| caturāsīti | card | eighty-four (84) | catu + [r] + asīti | i card | 12 | |
| dasa 1.1 | card | ten (10) | a1 card | 12 | ||
| dasama 1 | ordin | tenth (10th) | dasa + ma | aī ordin | 12 |
| pali | pos | meaning | root | construction | pattern | cl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sunakkhatta 2 | masc | name of a former monk | √nakkh 1 a (attain, arrive) | su + √nakkh + a + tta | a masc | 2 |
| vāda 4 | masc | saying; mentioning | √vad 1 a (say, speak) | √vad > vād + *a | a masc | 2 |
| samācāra | masc | conduct; behaviour; activity | √car 1 a (act, behave) | saṃ + ā + √car > cār + *a | a masc | 2 |
| bāhiya | masc | name of an ascetic; great disciple of the Buddha; foremost disciple in quick realization; Bāhiya Dārucīriya | √bah 1 a (be outside) | √bah > bāh + i + *iya | a masc | 2 |
| sambhava 1 | masc | birth; origin; source (of) | √bhū 1 a (be, become) | saṃ + √bhū > bhav + *a | a masc | 2 |
| nikkhipati 2 | pr | puts down; places down; lays down | √khip 1 a (throw) | ni + khipa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| uṭṭhahati 1 | pr | gets up; gets out; arouses oneself | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | ud + ṭhaha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| vasati 1 | pr | lives; stays; resides (in) | √vas 1 a (live) | vasa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| phusati 1 | pr | touches; contacts; feels; experiences | √phus 1 a (touch) | phusa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| vinassati 1 | pr | perishes; is destroyed | √nas 3 ya (be lost, disappear) | vi + nassa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| uddharati 1 | pr | pulls up; pulls out; lifts up; raises | √dhar 1 a (hold, carry, endure) | ud + dhara + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| upakappati | pr | is beneficial (for); is good (for) | √kapp 1 a (be fit, be suitable) | upa + kappa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| pasavati 2 | pr | produces; generates; makes; gives birth to | √su 1 a (flow) | pa + sava + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| abbhācikkhi | aor | misrepresented; slandered; falsely accused | √cikkh 1 a (show, tell) | abhi > abhy > abbh + ā + √cikkh + i | i aor | 4 |
| esī | adj | who is seeking; looking for | √es 1 a (seek, search) | √es + ī | ī adj | 5 |
| sabbāvant | adj | entire; whole; complete | sabba + vant | ant adj | 6 | |
| dāni | ind | now; immediately | ima + dāni | 6 | ||
| dakkhiṇā 1 | fem | gift; donation | √dakkh 1 a (be able, please) | √dakkh + iṇā | ā fem | 7 |
| care 2.1 | opt | should go (among); should walk (in) | √car 1 a (move, walk) | √car + e | ati pr | 7 |
| niddā | fem | sleep; (comm) sleeping too much | √dā 3 ya (sleep) | ni + √dā + ā | ā fem | 7 |
| iriyā 2 | fem | conduct; behaviour; way of living | √īr 1 a (move, shake) | √īr + iyā | ā fem | 7 |
| abhinivissa | ger | attaching; clinging; adhering; sticking; doubling down | √vis 1 a (enter) | abhi + ni + √vis + ya | 8 | |
| uddissa 1 | ger | in the name of; on account of; for the sake of; especially for | √dis 1 a (point out, explain) | ud + √dis + ya | 8 | |
| idha 1 | ind | here; now; in this world | ima + dha | 8 | ||
| pharitvā 1 | abs | having suffused; having pervaded; having filled | √phar 1 a (suffuse, pervade) | √phar + itvā | 8 | |
| anupādāya | ger | not holding (onto); not grasping (onto); detaching (from); not taking possession (of) | √ādā 3 ya (take, seize) | na > an + upa + √ādā + ya | 8 | |
| bhūmi 1 | fem | earth; ground | √bhū 1 a (be, become) | √bhū + mi | i fem | 8 |
| kusala 4 | nt | good; benefit; merit; good deed; doing good | a nt | 9 | ||
| samitatta | nt | calmness; peacefulness; fact of tranquillization (of) | √sam 3 ya (be calm, be tired) | √sam + ita + tta | a nt | 9 |
| kula 2 | nt | supporter; supporting family | √kul 1 a (be close) | √kul + a | a nt | 9 |
| nāma 3 | nt | name | a nt | 9 | ||
| jaya 1 | nt | victory; conquest; winning | √ji 1 a (conquer) | √ji > jay + *a | a nt | 9 |
| mānasa 2 | nt | mind; heart; mentality; intention | √man 3 ya (think) | √man > mān + as + *a | a nt | 9 |
| yato tato | idiom | because … therefore; since ... thereby | 9 | |||
| pāpa 3 | nt | evil action (in); crime (in); sin (in); wrongdoing (in); misdeed (in) | a nt | 9 | ||
| vera | nt | hatred; ill-will; animosity; antagonism; hostility | √vīr 8 *e (be heroic, be hostile) | √vīr > ver + *a | a nt | 9 |
| addhāna 2 | nt | time; period; extent | addha + āna | a nt | 9 | |
| veyyākaraṇa 1 | nt | answer; reply | √kar 7 o (do, make) | vi > vy > veyy + ā + √kar + aṇa + *a | a nt | 9 |
| tiṭṭhanta 2 | prp | lasting; remaining; persisting | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | tiṭṭha + nta | anta prp | 10 |
| tasmiṃ 2 | pron | when that | ta + asmiṃ | ta pron | 10 | |
| eva 3 | ind | even; too; as well | 10 | |||
| avera 1 | adj | kind; friendly; peaceful; free of ill-will; without animosity | √vīr 8 *e (be heroic, be hostile) | na > a + √vīr > ver + *a | a adj | 11 |
| metta 1 | adj | friendly; benevolent; kind | √mitt 1 a (be friendly) | √mitt > mett + *a | a adj | 11 |
| aṇu 1 | adj | small; tiny; minute; minuscule | u adj | 11 | ||
| thūla 1 | adj | massive; large | √thūl 8 *e (be fat, be coarse) | √thūl + a | a adj | 11 |
| adiṭṭha 1.1 | pp | not seen; unseen | √dis 1 a (see) | na > a + √dis + ta | a pp | 11 |
| parājita | pp | conquered; defeated; who lost | √ji 1 a (conquer) | parā + √ji + ta | a pp | 11 |
| supatiṭṭhita 1 | adj | well placed; well allocated (in) | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | su + pati + √ṭhā + ita | a adj | 11 |
| upasanta 1 | pp | calmed; cooled; composed; still; calm; at peace; tranquil | √sam 3 ya (be calm, be tired) | upa + √sam + ta | a pp | 11 |
| bhūta 01 | pp | existing; born; living | √bhū 1 a (be, become) | √bhū + ta | a pp | 11 |
| supita | nt | sleep | √sup 1 a (lie down, sleep) | √sup + ita | a nt | 11 |
| aparimāṇa | adj | measureless; boundless | √mā 5 nā (measure) | na > a + pari + √mā + aṇa | a adj | 11 |
| vanta 1 | pp | vomited; purged | √vam 1 a (eject, vomit) | √vam + ta | a pp east | 11 |
| asapatta | adj | peaceful; without hostility | √pat 3 ya (command, control) | na > a + sa + √pat + ya | a adj | 11 |
| duṭṭha 1 | pp | wicked; evil; bad; corrupt | √dus 3 ya (be angry, be corrupt) | √dus + ta | a pp | 11 |
| asambādha | adj | unobstructed; unhindered; unrestricted | √bādh 1 a (press, oppress) | na > a + saṃ + √bādh + a | a adj | 11 |
| bhiyyo | ind | more (than); greater than (than); better than (than); superior (to) | √bhū 1 a (be, become) | √bhū > bhī + ya + o | 13 | |
| yasmā 1 | ind | because; since | ya + smā | 13 | ||
| yathā 1 | ind | like; as; as per; according to; how; in whatever way | ya + thā | 13 | ||
| bahiddhā 1 | ind | externally; outwardly | √bah 1 a (be outside) | √bah + i + dhā | 13 | |
| pavuccati | pr | is called; is named; is said to be | √vac 1 ya (say, speak) | pa + vucca + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| musā 2 | ind | falsely; untruthfully | √mus 3 ya (lie, forget) | √mus + ā | 13 | |
| muccati 1.1 | pr | is free (from); becomes free (from); is released (from) | √muc 2 ya (release, free) | mucca + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| bajjhati 1 | pr | is bound (by); is tied up (by); is caught (by); is imprisoned (by) | √badh 1 ya (bind, tie) | bajjha + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| pahīyamāna | prp | being abandoned; being given up | √hā 1 īya (abandon) | pa + hīya + māna | māna prp | 13 |
| phussita 1 | pp | flowering; in full blossom | √phus 1 ya (touch) | phussa + ita | a pp | 13 |
| phāsuṃ | ind | easily; comfortably | √phus 1 a (touch) | √phus > phās + *u + uṃ | 13 | |
| puna | ind | again; once more | 13 | |||
| bāḷhaṃ | ind | excessively; overly; too | √bah 1 a (increase) | √bah + ta > bāḍha > bāḷha + aṃ | 13 | |
| phāsu 3 | ind | easily; comfortably | √phus 1 a (touch) | √phus > phās + *u | 13 | |
| bhusaṃ 1 | ind | intensely; exceedingly; very; strongly | √bhus 3 ya (fall heavily) | √bhus + a + aṃ | 13 | |
| bhaññamāna 1 | prp | being spoken; being told; being mentioned | √bhaṇ 1 ya (talk, speak) | bhañña + māna | māna prp | 13 |
| pecca | ind | after death | √i 1 a (come, go) | pa + √i > e + *tya | 13 | |
| pahīyati 1.1 | pr | is abandoned; is given up | √hā 1 īya (abandon) | pa + hīya + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| yāvatā 1 | ind | as long as; as far as; of all; to the extent that | yāva + tā | 13 | ||
| samādhiyati | pr | is calmed (for); becomes collected (for); becomes composed (for); becomes stable (for) | √dhā 1 iya (place, support) | saṃ + ā + dhiya + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| ratto | ind | by night; at night | ratti + o | 13 | ||
| sukhaṃ | ind | easily; comfortably; pleasantly; happily | √sukh 1 a (please, be comfortable) | √sukh + a + aṃ | 13 | |
| suyyati | pr | is heard | √su 4 ya (hear) | suyya + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| sotthiṃ | ind | safely; well; in peace | √as 1 a (be) | su > so + √as + ti + iṃ | 13 | |
| va 1.1 | ind | like; as | iva > (i)va > va | 13 | ||
| vitthārena 1 | ind | in detail; in full; thoroughly | √thar 1 a (spread, expand) | vi + √thar > thār + *a + ena | 13 | |
| vimuccati | pr | is released (from); is free (from) | √muc 2 ya (release, free) | vi + mucca + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| vimucci | aor | became free (from); was released (from); was liberated (from) | √muc 2 ya (release, free) | vi + mucca + i | i aor | 13 |
| sīghaṃ | ind | quickly; swiftly; rapidly | sīgha + aṃ | 13 | ||
| vimuccituṃ | inf | to become free (from); to be released (from); to be liberated (from) | √muc 2 ya (release, free) | vi + mucca + ituṃ | 13 | |
| virajjituṃ | inf | to lose desire (for); to become detached (from); to lose interest (in); to become dispassionate (about); to get bored (of) | √raj 3 ya (desire) | vi + rajja + ituṃ | 13 | |
| vuccati | pr | is said to be; is called | √vac 1 ya (say, speak) | vucca + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| vehāsaṃ | ind | in the air; in the sky | vih<b>āya</b>sa > veh<b>ā</b>sa + aṃ | 13 | ||
| haññati 2 | pr | is hurt; is killed; is destroyed | √han 1 ya (strike, kill) | hañña + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| haññamāna 1 | prp | being struck (by); being beaten (by) | √han 1 ya (strike, kill) | hañña + māna | māna prp | 13 |
| hi 1 | ind | indeed; certainly; truly; definitely | 13 | |||
| huraṃ 1 | ind | there; in another world | 13 | |||
| virajjati 1 | pr | becomes detached (from); loses interest (in); becomes dispassionate (towards); gets bored (with) | √raj 3 ya (desire) | vi + rajja + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| sādhukaṃ | ind | well; carefully; thoroughly; fully; completely | √sādh 3 ya (accomplish) | √sādh + u + ka + aṃ | 13 | |
| sādhu 3 | ind | it is good (for); it would be good (if) | √sādh 3 ya (accomplish) | √sādh + u | 13 | |
| saṃvijjamāna | prp | existing (in); being found (in) | √vid 3 ya (be found, exist) | saṃ + vijja + māna | māna prp | 13 |
| ruppanta | prp | being hurt; being oppressed; suffering | √rup 3 ya (be broken apart, hurt) | ruppa + nta | anta prp | 13 |
| saccaṃ | ind | truly; really | √as 1 a (be) | sa + tya + aṃ | 13 | |
| saṇikaṃ | ind | slowly; gradually | saṇiṃ + ka + aṃ | 13 | ||
| santike 1 | ind | to; in the presence (of); near (to); nearby; close (to); on the verge (of) | sa + antika + e | 13 | ||
| sabbadā | ind | always; at all times | sabba + dā | 13 | ||
| sabbaso 1 | ind | in every way; entirely; completely; altogether | sabba + so | 13 | ||
| samanugāhiyamāna | prp | being closely questioned (by); being interrogated (by); being pressed (by) | √gāh 1 iya (dive, plunge) | saṃ + anu + gāhiya + māna | māna prp | 13 |
| samanubhāsiyamāna | prp | being admonished; being sternly advised (by someone about something) | √bhās 1 iya (speak) | saṃ + anu + bhāsiya + māna | māna prp | 13 |
| samanuyuñjiyamāna | prp | being cross-questioned; being cross-examined (by someone about something) | √yuj 2 ṃa + iya (yoke, join) | saṃ + anu + yuñjiya + māna | māna prp | 13 |
| samaṃ 2 | ind | in a similar manner; similarly likewise | sama + aṃ | 13 | ||
| pallaṅkena | ind | (sitting) cross-legged | √añc 1 a (bend) | pari > pali > paly > pall + √añc > aṅk + a + ena | 13 | |
| sammā 1 | ind | completely; thoroughly; fully; totally | 13 | |||
| sammā 2 | ind | perfectly; rightly; correctly; properly | 13 | |||
| sammukhā | ind | face to face (with); in front (of); in the presence (of) | saṃ + mukha + ā | 13 | ||
| sarena | ind | sweetly; melodiously | √sar 1 a (make sound) | √sar + a + ena | 13 | |
| sasīsaṃ | ind | up to the head; including the head | sa + sīsa + aṃ | 13 | ||
| sahasā 2 | ind | rashly; in haste | √sah 1 a (overcome, prevail) | √sah + as + ā | 13 | |
| yoniso | ind | properly; prudently; thoroughly; carefully; intelligently | √yu 1 a (unite, fasten) | √yu > yo + *ni + so | 13 | |
| parisujjhati | pr | is purified (by); is cleansed (by) | √sudh 3 ya (be pure) | pari + sujjha + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| accayena 2 | ind | after the death (of); after the passing (of) | √i 1 a (come, go) | ati > aty > acc + √i > ay + *a + ena | 13 | |
| pariyāyena | ind | in one way; from a certain point of view; figuratively speaking | √i 1 a (come, go) | pari + [y] + √i > āy + *a + ena | 13 | |
| avidūre | ind | near (to); not far (from) | √dū 1 a (go, run) | na > a + vi + √dū + ra + e | 13 | |
| āvuso | ind | sir; sirs; venerable; venerables; reverend; reverends | √i 1 a (come, go) | ā + √i > ay + *as + mant + o | 13 | |
| iti | ind | thus; like this; this is; and so | 13 | |||
| ito 2 | ind | (of place) from here; away from | ima + to | 13 | ||
| ucchijjati | pr | is destroyed; is annihilated | √chid 2 ya (cut, steal) | ud + chijja + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| ujuṃ | ind | uprightly; erectly | √uj 1 a (be straight) | √uj + u + uṃ | 13 | |
| uttariṃ 2 | ind | further; another; in addition | √tar 1 a (cross) | ud + √tar + i + iṃ | 13 | |
| uddissamāna | prp | being recited; being chanted | √dis 1 ya (point out, explain) | ud + dissa + māna | māna prp | 13 |
| uddhaṃ 1 | ind | above; up; on top | ud + dha + aṃ | 13 | ||
| upari 1 | ind | above; overhead | upa + ri | 13 | ||
| uparujjhati | pr | is stopped; is ended; is finished | √rudh 2 ya (obstruct) | upa + rujjha + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| upādāya 2 | ind | derived (from); dependent (on); based (on) | √ādā 3 ya (take, seize) | upa + √ādā + ya | 13 | |
| evaṃ 1 | ind | thus; this; like this; similarly; in the same manner; just as; such | eva + aṃ | 13 | ||
| evaṃ 2 | ind | yes!; that is right!; correct! | eva + aṃ | 13 | ||
| kira 1 | ind | really; truly; definitely | 13 | |||
| kujjhati | pr | is angry (with); gets angry (with); is enraged (with) | √kudh 3 ya (be angry) | kujjha + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| kujjhi | aor | was angry; was upset (with); was mad (at) | √kudh 3 ya (be angry) | kujjha + i | i aor | 13 |
| avasissati | pr | remains; is left over | √sis 8 ya (remain, distinguish) | ava + sissa + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| khajjati 1 | pr | is being eaten (by); is being nibbled (by) | √khād 1 ya (chew) | khajja + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| asesaṃ | ind | completely; entirely; totally; without remnant | √sis 8 *e (remain, distinguish) | na > a + √sis > ses + *a + aṃ | 13 | |
| alaṃ 5 | ind | that's enough (of)!; stop (with)! | 13 | |||
| aññatra 2 | ind | apart (from); aside (from); other (than); except (for); without | añña + tra | 13 | ||
| aññathā 1 | ind | differently; otherwise | añña + thā | 13 | ||
| atthaṃ | ind | for the sake (of); for the purpose (of); for the benefit (of) | √ar 1 a (move, attain) | √ar + tha + aṃ | 13 | |
| atha 1 | ind | then; also; and so; after that | 13 | |||
| atha 2 | ind | but; rather; even | 13 | |||
| atho | ind | and then; or; after that; because of | atha + u > atho | 13 | ||
| addhuvato | ind | as unstable; as unenduring; as not eternal | √dhuv 1 a (be firm, be solid) | na > a + √dhuv + a + to | 13 | |
| adhunā | ind | recently; now; presently; at this time | 13 | |||
| adho 1 | ind | below; under | 13 | |||
| anupalabbhamāna 1 | prp | not being found; being nonexistent | √labh 1 ya (get) | na > an + upa + labbha + māna | māna prp | 13 |
| antamaso 1 | ind | even so much as; even with; even down to; with as little as | antama + so | 13 | ||
| aparitassanta | prp | being unperturbed; being unshaken | √tas 3 ya (be agitated) | na > a + pari + tassa + nta | anta prp | 13 |
| api 1.1 | ind | just; only | 13 | |||
| api 1.2 | ind | even; even then | 13 | |||
| api 1.7 | ind | too; also; as well | 13 | |||
| abhiṇhaṃ | ind | continuously; repeatedly; regularly; often | √ikkh 1 a (see, mark) | abhi + √ikkh + aṇa + aṃ | 13 | |
| abhūtena | ind | falsely; untruthfully | √bhū 1 a (be, become) | na > a + √bhū + ta + ena | 13 | |
| asatā 1 | ind | falsely; unjustly; unreasonably; under a false pretext | √as 1 a (be) | na > a + sa + nta + tā | 13 | |
| pariyesanaṃ | ind | looking for; searching for; on a quest for | √es 1 a (seek, search) | pari + [y] + √es + anā + aṃ | 13 | |
| khajjamāna | prp | being eaten (by); being devoured (by) | √khād 1 ya (chew) | khajja + māna | māna prp | 13 |
| kho | ind | indeed; surely; certainly; truly | 13 | |||
| dūre 2 | ind | away (from); far away (from); distant (from) | √dū 1 a (go, run) | √dū + ra + e | 13 | |
| namo | ind | reverence (to); veneration (to); homage (to) | √nam 1 a (bend) | √nam + as + o | 13 | |
| nāma 2 | ind | called; means; by the name of; namely | 13 | |||
| nirujjhati | pr | dissolves; finishes; stops; ceases; vanishes | √rudh 2 ya (obstruct) | ni + rujjha + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| nīyati 1.1 | pr | is led; is led astray; is misled; is led about (by) | √nī 1 ya (lead, carry) | nīya + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| no 1.3 | ind | then; now; indeed | 13 | |||
| paccattaṃ | ind | for oneself; individually; personally; exclusively | pati > paty > pacc + atta + aṃ | 13 | ||
| pañcakkhattuṃ | ind | five times | pañca + kkhattuṃ | 13 | ||
| pana | ind | moreover; and so; but; or; however | 13 | |||
| parato 2 | ind | as another; as alien; as something else; as belonging to somebody else; (comm) not one's own possession | para + to | 13 | ||
| paraṃ | ind | after; beyond; on the other side (of) | para + aṃ | 13 | ||
| parāmāsā | ind | clinging; adhering; clutching | √mas 1 a (touch, rub) | parā + √mas > mās + *a + ā | 13 | |
| parikassati 1.1 | pr | is dragged about (by); is swept away (by); is carried away (by) | √kas 1 ya (drag, draw) | pari + kassa + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| pariḍayhamāna | prp | being burnt (by); being tormented (by); being afflicted (by); being distressed (by) | √ḍah 1 ya (burn) | pari + ḍayha + māna | māna prp | 13 |
| paritassati | pr | is perturbed; is shaken; is agitated; is anguished | √tas 3 ya (be agitated) | pari + tassa + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| parimukhaṃ 1 | ind | as first priority; to the fore; (comm) directed towards the meditation object | pari + mukha + aṃ | 13 | ||
| parimuccati | pr | is completely freed (from); is totally liberated (from); escapes (from) | √muc 2 ya (release, free) | pari + mucca + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| dīghaṃ | ind | (of breathing) for a long time; deeply | dīgha + aṃ | 13 | ||
| khajji | aor | was being eaten (by) | √khād 1 ya (chew) | khajja + i | i aor | 13 |
| divā | ind | by day; during the day | √div 3 ya (shine) | √div + a + ā | 13 | |
| dissati 2 | pr | seems | √dis 1 ya (see) | dissa + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| catukkhattuṃ | ind | four times | catu + kkhattuṃ | 13 | ||
| ce 1 | ind | if | 13 | |||
| chakkhattuṃ | ind | six times | cha + kkhattuṃ | 13 | ||
| chijjati 1 | pr | is cut off; is severed | √chid 2 ya (cut, steal) | chijja + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| jāyati 2 | pr | arises (for); is produced (for) | √jan 3 ya (be born, produce) | jāya + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| ñāyati 1 | pr | is known; is evident; is perceived | √ñā 5 ya (know) | ñāya + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| ṭhānaso 1 | ind | on the spot; right there; immediately | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | √ṭhā + ana + so | 13 | |
| taggha | ind | truly; surely; definitely; most certainly | tad + gha | 13 | ||
| tato 4 | ind | therefore; thereupon; thereby; because of that; after that | ta + to | 13 | ||
| tathā | ind | so; thus; in such a way; likewise; similarly | ta + thā | 13 | ||
| tasmā 2 | ind | therefore; that is why | ta + smā | 13 | ||
| tassa 4 | ind | therefore; thus; so; because of that; regarding that | ta + ssa | 13 | ||
| ti 2 | ind | (end of direct speech) ' ' | iti > ti | 13 | ||
| tiriyaṃ 1 | ind | across | √tir 1 a (cross) | √tir + iya + aṃ | 13 | |
| tucchā | ind | baselessly; groundlessly; emptily | tuccha + ā | 13 | ||
| tuṇhī 3 | ind | silent; quiet | 13 | |||
| dissati 1 | pr | is seen; is observed; is manifest | √dis 1 ya (see) | dissa + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| divasaṃ | ind | by day; during the day; for a day | √div 3 ya (shine) | √div + asa + aṃ | 13 | |
| nirujjhamāna | prp | dissolving; stopping; ending; ceasing; disappearing; vanishing | √rudh 2 ya (obstruct) | ni + rujjha + māna | māna prp | 13 |
| pali | pos | meaning | root | construction | pattern | cl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| paggaha 3 | masc | donation; handout; give-away | √gah 6 ṇhā (grasp) | pa + √gah + a | a masc | 2 |
| uttara 2.04 | masc | name of a young Brahman | ud + tara | a masc | 2 | |
| kaṭāha 1 | masc | pot; pan; cauldron | a masc | 2 | ||
| pāsāda | masc | mansion; stately home; palace; building with pillars | √sad 1 a (sink, sit, settle) | pa + ā + √sad > sād + *a | a masc | 2 |
| kāla 1.1 | masc | time; occasion | √kal 8 *e (spend time) | √kal > kāl + *a | a masc | 2 |
| kumāra 2 | masc | prince | √kumār 8 *e (play) | √kumār + a | a masc | 2 |
| aṃsa 1.1 | masc | share; portion; part | √aṃs 8 *e (divide, distribute) | √aṃs + a | a masc | 2 |
| rājañña | masc | man of the ruling class; young noble | √rāj 1 a (rule, shine) | √rāj + an + ya | a masc | 2 |
| uñcha | masc | gleaning; food gathered for subsistence | √uñch 1 a (glean) | √uñch + a | a masc | 2 |
| paṭigha 1 | masc | aversion; repulsion; resistance; irritation; conflict | √ghaṭ 8 *e (strike, kill) | pati + √ghaṭ + a | a masc | 2 |
| paṭisaṃharati 1 | pr | withdraws from; pulls back (from) | √har 1 a (carry) | pati + saṃ + hara + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| vitakketi | pr | thinks (about); reflects (on); ponders (over) | √takk 8 *e (think) | vi + takke + ti | eti pr | 3 |
| saṇṭhāti | pr | remains (in); continues (in); persists (in); is established (in); stands firm (in) | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | saṃ + ṭhā + ti | āti pr | 3 |
| patikuṭati | pr | bends away (from); turns aside (from) | √kuṭ 1 a (be crooked, be bent) | pati + kuṭa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| patilīyati | pr | withdraws (from); pulls away (from); draws back (from) | √lī 3 ya (stick, hide) | pati + līya + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| pativattati | pr | bends back; fold backwards; turns back; recoils | √vatt 1 a (be, proceed) | pati + vatta + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| parippharati | pr | saturates; permeates; pervades; completely infuses; spreads everywhere | √phar 1 a (suffuse, pervade) | pari + phara + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| saṃvaṇṇeti 1 | pr | praises; commends; extols; speaks highly (of) | √vaṇṇ 8 *e (praise) | saṃ + vaṇṇe + ti | eti pr | 3 |
| pariyesati | pr | searches; seeks; seeks out; looks (for) | √es 1 a (seek, search) | pari + [y] + esa + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| otarati 2 | pr | fits (with); is found (in); cross-references (with) | √tar 1 a (cross) | ava + tara + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| siñcati 1 | pr | waters; pours; sprinkles; scatters | √sic 2 ṃa (sprinkle, pour) | siñca + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| samucchindati 1 | pr | cuts off completely; uproots; eradicates; exterminates | √chid 2 ṃa (cut, steal) | saṃ + ud + chinda + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| akāsi 2 | aor | made | √kar 7 o (do, make) | a + √kar > kā + si | āsi aor | 4 |
| asamaya 1 | masc | wrong time; inopportune time; inappropriate occasion | √i 1 a (come, go) | na > a + saṃ + √i > ay + *a | a masc | 5 |
| pasu 1 | masc | domestic animal; livestock; farm animal | u masc | 6 | ||
| bandhumant 3 | masc | name of Vipassī Buddha's father | √bandh 1 a (bind, tie) | √bandh + u + mant | ant masc | 6 |
| pāṭikulyatā | fem | aversion (to); disgust (for); revulsion (toward) | √kūl 1 a (obstruct, embank) | pati > pāṭi + √kūl + *ya + tā | ā fem | 7 |
| mattikā | fem | clay; earth | √madd 1 a (crush, grind) | √madd > matt + ikā | ā fem | 7 |
| anabhinanditvā | abs | having not approved (of); having not applauded | √nand 1 a (delight, enjoy) | na > an + abhi + √nand + itvā | 8 | |
| vibhajja 1 | ger | analysing in detail; classifying; explaining in detail; picking apart | √bhaj 1 a (divide, distribute) | vi + √bhaj + ya | 8 | |
| appaṭikkositvā | abs | having not disapproved; having not rejected | √kus 1 *a (call, insult) | na > a + pati + kosa + itvā | 8 | |
| uggahetvā 3 | abs | having learned; having memorized | √gah 6 ṇhā (grasp) | ud + gahe + tvā | 8 | |
| abhiññā 3 | ger | directly knowing; understanding experientially | √ñā 5 nā (know) | abhi + √ñā + ya > ñā | 8 | |
| sāmīci 1 | fem | right way; correct course; proper procedure | i fem | 8 | ||
| tiṇa 1 | nt | grass; straw | a nt | 9 | ||
| ṭhāna 02 | nt | reason; grounds; basis; cause | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | √ṭhā + ana | a nt | 9 |
| udaka 1.1 | nt | water | √ud 2 ṃa (be wet) | √ud + aka | a nt | 9 |
| padhāna 1 | nt | making effort; exerting; striving; trying (to) | √dhā 1 a (place, support) | pa + √dhā + ana | a nt | 9 |
| nimitta 1 | nt | mark; sign; symbol; indication | √mā 5 nā (measure) | ni + √mā > mi + tta | a nt | 9 |
| santhata 1 | nt | spread; bedspread; coverlet; counterpane | √thar 1 a (spread, expand) | saṃ + √thar + ta | a nt | 9 |
| bhedana 3 | nt | breaking; splitting apart; dividing | √bhid 2 ṃa (break, split) | √bhid > bhed + *ana | a nt | 9 |
| semāna | prp | sleeping; lying down | √sī 1 a (lie, sleep) | se + māna | māna prp | 10 |
| saramāna | prp | remembering; recollecting | √sar 1 a (remember) | sara + māna | māna prp | 10 |
| sāttha | adj | in meaning; in spirit; (or) with meaning; meaningful | √ar 1 a (move, attain) | sa + √ar + tha | a adj | 11 |
| paricita 2 | pp | nurtured (by); consolidated (by); fortified (by); strengthened (by); built up (by) | √ci 5 nā (gather, accumulate) | pari + √ci + ta | a pp | 11 |
| ananuyutta | pp | not devoted (to); not applying oneself (to); not practising | √yuj 2 ṃa (yoke, join) | na > an + anu + √yuj + ta | a pp | 11 |
| anuyutta 1 | pp | devoted (to); applied oneself (to); practised; doing | √yuj 2 ṃa (yoke, join) | anu + √yuj + ta | a pp | 11 |
| sabyañjana | adj | in letter; (or) well phrased | √añj 8 *e (distinguish) | sa + vi > bi > by + √añj + ana | a adj | 11 |
| sappāṇaka | adj | containing living beings | √an 1 a (breathe, blow) | sa + pa + √an + a + ka | a adj | 11 |
| santatta 1 | pp | heated; made red-hot; scorched | √tap 1 a (burn, radiate heat) | saṃ + √tap + ta | a pp | 11 |
| anussuka | adj | not zealously desiring; not ambitious; not anxiously striving; calm; relaxed; unagitated | na > an + ud + su + ka | a adj | 11 | |
| assāmika 1 | adj | without a paying benefactor; with no patron | na > a + sāmī + ka | a adj | 11 | |
| palipanna | pp | stuck (in); immersed (in); sunk (into) | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | pari > pali + √pad + na | a pp | 11 |
| pamāṇika | adj | according to the correct measurement; of the right size; correct-sized | √mā 5 nā (measure) | pa + √mā + aṇa + ika | a adj | 11 |
| ambho | ind | hey!; yo!; look here! | haṃ + bho | 13 | ||
| anuparivattiyamāna | prp | being revolved around; being rotated; being done routinely; being done regularly | √vatt 1 iya (be, proceed) | anu + pari + vattiya + māna | māna prp | 13 |
| anupubbena | ind | gradually; step-by-step; successively; stage-by-stage | anu + pubba + ena | 13 | ||
| sandissati 2 | pr | is seen (in); is comparable (with); agrees (with) | √dis 1 ya (see) | saṃ + dissa + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| vijjati 1 | pr | exists (in); is found (in); is present (in) | √vid 3 ya (be found, exist) | vijja + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| sañcicca | ind | intentionally; purposefully; wilfully; deliberately | √cit 8 *e (think, intend) | saṃ + √cit + ya | 13 | |
| orena 1 | ind | earlier (than); sooner (than) | ora + ena | 13 | ||
| bahulaṃ | ind | often; frequently | √bah 1 a (increase) | √bah + u + la + aṃ | 13 | |
| sādiyati 1 | pr | consents (to); accepts; agrees (to); permits | √sād 8 *e + iya (taste, relish) | sādiya + ti | ati pr | 13 |
| vata 1.2 | ind | certainly; surely; indeed | 13 | |||
| uttari 1.2 | ind | more (than); moreover; further (than); beyond | ud + tara + i | 13 | ||
| yāpetuṃ | inf | to sustain oneself (with); to support oneself (by); to keep oneself going | √yā 1 *āpe (go) | yāpe + tuṃ | 14 | |
| māneti | pr | honours; reveres; holds in high esteem; (comm) loves | √man 3 *e (think) | māne + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| byākaraṇīya | ptp | should be answered; to be replied (to) | √kar 7 o (do, make) | vi > vy > by + ā + √kar + aṇīya | a ptp | 14 |
| bhajitabba | ptp | should be associated with; should be kept company with; should be adhered to; (comm) should be stuck to | √bhaj 1 a (associate, keep company) | √bhaj + itabba | a ptp | 14 |
| bhāvanā 1 | fem | developing; cultivating; meditating | √bhū 1 *e (be, become) | bhāve + anā | ā fem | 14 |
| bhāvanīya 1 | ptp | respected; honoured; worthy of esteem | √bhū 1 *e (be, become) | bhāve + anīya | a ptp | 14 |
| bhāveti | pr | cultivates; develops | √bhū 1 *e (be, become) | bhāve + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| bhāvetuṃ | inf | to cultivate; to develop; to grow; to increase | √bhū 1 *e (be, become) | bhāve + tuṃ | 14 | |
| bhāvayati | pr | cultivates; develops | √bhū 1 *aya (be, become) | bhāvaya + ti | ati pr | 14 |
| bhāvita 1 | pp | cultivated; developed | √bhū 1 *e (be, become) | bhāve + ita | a pp | 14 |
| bhāviyamāna | prp | being cultivated; being developed | √bhū 1 *e + iya (be, become) | bhāviya + māna | māna prp | 14 |
| vuṭṭhāpiyamāna | prp | being raised; being lifted up | √ṭhā 1 *āpe + iya (stand) | [v] + ud + ṭhāpiya + māna | māna prp | 14 |
| bhāvetabba | ptp | should be cultivated; should be developed | √bhū 1 *e (be, become) | bhāve + tabba | a ptp | 14 |
| voropeti | pr | deprives (of); removes (from); cuts off (from); takes down (from) | √ruh 1 *e (ascend, grow) | vi + ava + rope + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| haritabba | ptp | could be carried; can be taken | √har 1 a (carry) | √har + itabba | a ptp | 14 |
| veditabba 1 | ptp | can be known (by); should be understood (by) | √vid 8 *e (know, sense, feel) | vede + itabba | a ptp | 14 |
| vajja 2.1 | nt | fault (of); error (of); mistake (of) | √vajj 8 *e (turn, avoid) | √vajj + ya > vajja | a nt | 14 |
| vivecetuṃ | inf | to separate (from); to dissuade (from) | √vic 1 *e (separate) | vi + vece + tuṃ | 14 | |
| vacanīya 2 | ptp | should be spoken (to); should be told (to); should be said (to) | √vac 1 a (say, speak) | √vac + anīya | a ptp | 14 |
| sodheti 1 | pr | cleans; clears; purifies | √sudh 3 *e (be pure) | sodhe + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| sevitabba 2 | ptp | should be practised; should be followed; should be undertaken | √sev 1 a (serve, associate) | √sev + itabba | a ptp | 14 |
| sekhiya 1 | ptp | related to training; to be practised | √sikkh 1 a (learn, train) | √sikkh > sekh + *iya | a ptp | 14 |
| sudesita | adj | well preached; well taught; well explained; well instructed | √dis 1 *e (point out, explain) | su + dese + ita | a adj | 14 |
| siñcāpeti | pr | causes to water; causes to pour; makes sprinkle; causes to scatter (something onto something) | √sic 2 ṃa + *āpe (sprinkle, pour) | siñcāpe + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| vicāreti 1 | pr | thinks actively; contemplates; investigates; examines | √car 1 *e (move, walk) | vi + cāre + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| sikkhitabba | ptp | should be learned (by); should be practised (by); should be trained (by) | √sikkh 1 a (learn, train) | √sikkh + itabba | a ptp | 14 |
| sāraṇīya 1.1 | ptp | polite; pleasant; charming; (comm) fit to be remembered | √raj 3 ya (desire) | saṃ > sā + √raj + aṇīya | a ptp | 14 |
| vibhāvayati | pr | understands clearly; perceives distinctly | √bhū 1 *aya (be, become) | vi + bhāvaya + ti | ati pr | 14 |
| sāditabba | ptp | could be consented to (by); could be accepted (by); should be permitted (by) | √sād 8 *e (taste, relish) | sāde + itabba | a ptp | 14 |
| saṃvesiyamāna | prp | being put to bed (by); being laid down (by) | √vis 1 *e + iya (enter) | saṃ + vesiya + māna | māna prp | 14 |
| virājiya | ger | cleansing; purifying; removing | √raj 1 *e (colour) | vi + rāje + iya | 14 | |
| sakka 1 | ptp | able; capable; proficient | √sak 4 ṇo (be able, be powerful) | √sak + ya | a ptp | 14 |
| saṃyojana 1 | nt | fetter; chain; bond; thing which binds | √yuj 2 *e (yoke, join) | saṃ + yoje + ana | a nt | 14 |
| visaṃyoga 1 | masc | detachment (from); separation (from) | √yuj 2 *e (yoke, join) | vi + saṃ + yoje > yoge + a | a masc | 14 |
| sampahaṃsetvā | abs | having delighted; having pleased; having thrilled | √haṃs 1 *e (rise, elate) | saṃ + pa + haṃse + tvā | 14 | |
| vissajjetvā 1 | abs | having released; having let go (of); having got rid (of); having given up | √sajj 1 *e (relinquish, let loose) | vi + sajje + tvā | 14 | |
| sampasāriyati | pr | is drawn forward; is inclined towards | √sar 1 *e + iya (go, flow) | saṃ + pa + sāriya + ti | ati pr | 14 |
| sameti 1.1 | pr | calms down; settles; stills; makes subside | √sam 3 *e (be calm, be tired) | same + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| vivattayi | aor | untied; unravelled; (comm) torn out | √vatt 1 *aya (be, proceed) | vi + vattaya + i | i aor | 14 |
| samādapetvā | abs | having aroused; having encouraged | √ādā 3 *āpe (take, seize) | saṃ + ādape + tvā | 14 | |
| samādapeti | pr | arouses; incites; instigates; encourages (someone to do something) | √ādā 3 *āpe (take, seize) | saṃ + ādape + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| sandassetvā | abs | having instructed; having explained | √dis 1 *e (see) | saṃ + dasse + tvā | 14 | |
| sandassetabba | ptp | should be compared (to); should be checked (with); should be verified (with) | √dis 1 *e (see) | saṃ + dasse + tabba | a ptp | 14 |
| sandassiyamāna 1 | prp | being compared; being checked; being verified | √dis 1 *e + iya (see) | saṃ + dassiya + māna | māna prp | 14 |
| saṇṭhapeti | pr | makes stable; steadies; establishes | √ṭhā 1 *āpe (stand) | saṃ + ṭhape + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| saññatta 1.2 | pp | instructed; informed | √ñā 5 *āpe (know) | saṃ + ñāpe + ta | a pp | 14 |
| saṃyoga 2 | masc | attachment; association; involvement | √yuj 2 *e (yoke, join) | saṃ + yoje > yoge + a | a masc | 14 |
| sampādetuṃ | inf | to press on; to strive to achieve; to try to accomplish one's purpose | √pad 3 *e (go, step) | saṃ + pāde + tuṃ | 14 | |
| pabbājeti 1 | pr | banishes (from); exiles (from); drives away (from) | √vaj 1 *e (go on) | pa + bāje + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| pārupetvā | abs | (of an outer garment) having wrapped oneself; having caused to be covered | √var 1 *e (cover, dress, restrain) | pa + ā + rupe + tvā | 14 | |
| āmantāpetvā | abs | having sent (for); having had summoned | √mant 8 *āpe (counsel, invite) | ā + mantāpe + tvā | 14 | |
| āyoga 1 | masc | devotion (to); practice (of); exertion (in); pursuit (of) | √yuj 2 *e (yoke, join) | ā + yoje > yoge + a | a masc | 14 |
| ārādhayi 2 | aor | pleased; satisfied | √rādh 3 *aya (succeed, please) | ā + rādhaya + i | i aor | 14 |
| ārocesi 1 | aor | told (to); informed (to); explained (to) | √ruc 1 *e (shine, like) | ā + roce + si | esi aor | 14 |
| āsevitabba | ptp | should be practised; should be pursued; should be devoted to; should be indulged in | √sev 1 a (serve, associate) | ā + √sev + itabba | a ptp | 14 |
| uddharāpeti | pr | causes to remove; makes take away; causes to pack up | √dhar 1 *āpe (hold, carry, endure) | ud + dharāpe + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| ātappa | nt | effort; exertion | √tap 1 a (burn, radiate heat) | ā + √tap + ya | a nt | 14 |
| upaṭṭhapetvā 1 | abs | having set up; having made sure is present | √ṭhā 1 *āpe (stand) | upa + ṭhape + tvā | 14 | |
| otāriyamāna | prp | being checked (in); being gone into (in); being cross-referenced (in) | √tar 1 *e + iya (cross) | ava + tāriya + māna | māna prp | 14 |
| otāretabba | ptp | should be checked (in); should be gone into (in); should be cross-referenced | √tar 1 *e (cross) | ava + tāre + tabba | a ptp | 14 |
| obhāsetvā | abs | having lit up; having illuminated | √bhās 1 *e (shine) | ava + bhāse + tvā | 14 | |
| ohāretvā | abs | having shaved; having shaved off | √har 1 *e (carry) | ava + hāre + tvā | 14 | |
| karaṇīya 2 | ptp | should be done; must be done; ought to be made; to be observed | √kar 7 o (do, make) | √kar + aṇīya | a ptp | 14 |
| kātabba 2 | ptp | should be made | √kar 7 o (do, make) | √kar > kā + tabba | a ptp | 14 |
| upaṭṭhāpeti 2 | pr | establishes; sets up; causes to be present; makes sure one has | √ṭhā 1 *āpe (stand) | upa + ṭhāpe + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| avissajjetvā | abs | having not got rid (of); having not given up | √sajj 1 *e (relinquish, let loose) | na > a + vi + sajje + tvā | 14 | |
| avacanīya 1 | ptp | incorrigible; uninstructible; unteachable; unadmonishable | √vac 1 a (say, speak) | na > a + √vac + anīya | a ptp | 14 |
| asevitabba | ptp | should not be associated with; should not be affiliated with; should not be partaken of | √sev 1 a (serve, associate) | na > a + √sev + itabba | a ptp | 14 |
| acchejji | aor | completely cut out; utterly severed; totally destroyed | √chid 2 *e + ya (cut, steal) | ā + chejja + i | i aor | 14 |
| ajjhositabba | ptp | should be fixated on; should be clung to; should be tied to | √sā 1 a (complete, accomplish) | adhi > adhy > ajjh + ava + √sā + itabba | a ptp | 14 |
| atikkāmeti 2 | pr | exceeds; goes over; oversteps | √kam 1 *e (go) | ati + kāme + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| adesayi | aor | taught; explained | √dis 1 *aya (point out, explain) | a + desaya + i | i aor | 14 |
| anusāviyamāna | prp | being announced; being declared; being stated | √su 4 *e + iya (hear) | anu + sāviya + māna | māna prp | 14 |
| apaññatta 1 | pp | (of a rule) not formulated; not prescribed; not decreed; not declared | √ñā 5 *āpe (know) | na > a + pa + ñāpe + ta | a pp | 14 |
| abbhetabba | ptp | (vinaya) should be rehabilitated; should be reintegrated; should be readmitted | √vhe 1 a (call, name) | ā + bhe + tabba | a ptp | 14 |
| abhajitabba | ptp | should not be kept company with; should not be associated with; should not be adhered to; (comm) should not be stuck to | √bhaj 1 a (associate, keep company) | na > a + √bhaj + itabba | a ptp | 14 |
| abhabba 1 | ptp | unable (to); impossible (to); incapable (of); unlikely (to) | √bhū 1 a (be, become) | na > a + √bhū > bhav > bhab + *ya | a ptp | 14 |
| abhinanditabba | ptp | should be delighted in; should be approved of; should be applauded | √nand 1 a (delight, enjoy) | abhi + √nand + itabba | a ptp | 14 |
| abhininnāmeti 1 | pr | inclines (towards); bends (towards); directs (towards) | √nam 1 *e (bend) | abhi + nī + nāme + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| abhinipphādeti | pr | produces; comes up with | √pad 3 *e (go, step) | abhi + nī + phāde + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| abhippamodayanta | prp | gladdening; pleasing; satisfying | √mud 1 *aya (be soft, be happy) | abhi + pa + modaya + nta | anta prp | 14 |
| abhisandeti | pr | fills up; fills to the brim; overflows; drenches | √sand 1 *e (flow) | abhi + sande + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| abhivaditabba | ptp | should be welcomed; should be greeted | √vad 1 a (say, speak) | abhi + √vad + itabba | a ptp | 14 |
| kārayamāna 2 | prp | building | √kar 7 *aya (do, make) | kāraya + māna | māna prp | 14 |
| pucchitabba | ptp | should be asked; could be asked | √pucch 1 a (ask, question) | √pucch + itabba | a ptp | 14 |
| kārāpesi 1 | aor | had (something) built (for); had (something) made (for) | √kar 7 *āpe (do, make) | kārāpe + si | esi aor | 14 |
| kāreti 4 | pr | builds; has constructed | √kar 7 *e (do, make) | kāre + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| paññapetuṃ | inf | to define; to delineate; to describe | √ñā 5 *āpe (know) | pa + ñape + tuṃ | 14 | |
| paññāpeti 3 | pr | is evident | √ñā 5 *āpe (know) | pa + ñāpe + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| paṇāmetvā 2 | abs | (of hands) having stretched out (in reverential salutation) | √nam 1 *e (bend) | pa + ṇāme + tvā | 14 | |
| padātabba | ptp | should be given (to); should be presented (to); should be offered (to) | √dā 1 a (give) | pa + √dā + tabba | a ptp | 14 |
| pamādi | aor | was careless (about); neglected; was negligent (with); was heedless (about) | √mad 3 *e (be mad, be intoxicated) | pa + māde + i | i aor | 14 |
| paripūreti 1 | pr | fills up; fills out; saturates | √pūr 1 *e (fill, fulfil) | pari + pūre + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| paññatta 2 | pp | (of a rule) formulated; prescribed; decreed; declared | √ñā 5 *āpe (know) | pa + ñāpe + ta | a pp | 14 |
| pariyodapeti 1 | pr | cleanses (from); refines (from); purifies (from) | √dā 3 *āpe (be pure, be clean) | pari + [y] + ava + dape + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| parisodheti | pr | cleans; purifies (something of something) | √sudh 3 *e (be pure) | pari + sodhe + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| pasāreti 1 | pr | stretches out; straightens; extends | √sar 1 *e (go, flow) | pa + sāre + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| pahātabba | ptp | should be given up (by); should be abandoned (by) | √hā 1 a (abandon) | pa + √hā + tabba | a ptp | 14 |
| pāceti | pr | digests | √pac 1 *e (cook, mature, ripen) | pāce + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| pāṭikaṅkha | ptp | to be expected (for); certain (for); can be anticipated | √kaṅkh 1 a (wish for) | pati > pāṭi + √kaṅkh + *ya | a ptp | 14 |
| pāpeti | pr | helps to reach; brings (to); leads (to) | √ap 4 *e (reach, attain) | pa + āpe + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| parisandeti | pr | soaks; steeps; drenches | √sand 1 *e (flow) | pari + sande + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| paccavekkhitabba | ptp | should be considered; should be reviewed; should be contemplated; should be reflected (on) | √ikkh 1 a (see, mark) | pati > paty > pacc + ava + √ikkh + itabba | a ptp | 14 |
| pakāseti 2 | pr | explains; illustrates; illuminates; reveals; teaches | √kās 1 *e (shine, be visible) | pa + kāse + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| nissajjitabba | ptp | should be given up (to); to be handed over (to); should be relinquished (to) | √sajj 1 a (relinquish, let loose) | nī + √sajj + itabba | a ptp | 14 |
| janeti | pr | generates; produces | √jan 3 *e (be born, produce) | jane + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| ṭhapanīya | ptp | should be set aside; should be placed aside; should be left alone | √ṭhā 1 *āpe (stand) | ṭhape + anīya | a ptp | 14 |
| tāreti | pr | saves; helps across; rescues (somebody from something) | √tar 1 *e (cross) | tāre + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| daṭṭhabba 1 | ptp | should be seen; should be regarded as; should be understood (with) | √dis 1 a (see) | dassa + tabba | a ptp | 14 |
| desanā 3 | fem | (vinaya) appointing; allocating; indicating; designating; showing | √dis 1 *e (point out, explain) | dese + anā | ā fem | 14 |
| desita 1 | pp | preached (by); taught (by); explained (by); instructed (by) | √dis 1 *e (point out, explain) | dese + ita | a pp | 14 |
| deseti 1 | pr | preach (to); teaches (to); explains (to) | √dis 1 *e (point out, explain) | dese + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| desetuṃ | inf | to preach (to); to teach (to); to explain (to) | √dis 1 *e (point out, explain) | dese + tuṃ | 14 | |
| dhāretabba 2 | ptp | should be kept; should be stored | √dhar 8 *e (wear, hold, carry) | dhāre + tabba | a ptp | 14 |
| dheyya 1 | nt | realm (of); sphere (of); power (of); influence (of) | √dhā 1 a (place, support) | √dhā + eyya | a nt | 14 |
| nādhivāseti | pr | does not tolerate; does not accept; does not endure | √vas 1 *e (live) | na + adhi + vāse + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| nānvāgameti | pr | does not follow around; does not return (to); does not revive; does not relive | √gam 1 *e (go) | na + anu + ā + game + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| nikkhāmetvā | abs | having ejected (from); having expelled (from) | √kam 1 *e (go) | nī + khāme + tvā | 14 | |
| nipāteti 1 | pr | lets fall; drops | √pat 1 *e (fall) | ni + pāte + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| nissaggiya 1 | ptp | involving relinquishment; to be given up; to be forfeited | √sajj 1 a (relinquish, let loose) | nī + √sajj > sagg + iya | a ptp | 14 |
| kāretabba 1 | ptp | should be made | √kar 7 *e (do, make) | kāre + tabba | a ptp | 14 |
| kappeti 4 | pr | (of a sleeping posture, or seat) adopts; takes up; assumes; lies down (in); sits (on) | √kapp 1 *e (be fit, be suitable) | kappe + ti | eti pr | 14 |
| pali | pos | meaning | root | construction | pattern | cl. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| attha 1.2 | masc | benefit; profit; good; welfare | √ar 1 a (move, attain) | √ar + tha | a masc | 2 |
| majjha 2 | masc | middle | a masc | 2 | ||
| anta 2 | masc | end; side; extreme | a masc | 2 | ||
| caṅkama 1 | masc | walking meditation; walking up and down (in meditation) | √kam 1 a (go) | caṅkama + a | a masc | 2 |
| upaya 1 | masc | approach; engagement | √i 1 a (come, go) | upa + √i > ay + *a | a masc | 2 |
| kaccāna | masc | family name | kati > katy > kacc + yāna | a masc | 2 | |
| upeti 2 | pr | enters; gets involved (with); engages (in) | √i 1 a (come, go) | upa + e + ti | eti pr | 3 |
| kaṅkhati 1.1 | pr | has doubt (about); is uncertain (about) | √kaṅkh 1 a (doubt) | kaṅkha + ti | ati pr | 3 |
| nādhiṭṭhāti | pr | does not stand firmly; does not take a stand; does not make up one's mind; does not fixate | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | na + adhi + ṭhā + ti | āti pr | 5 |
| nappaṭikaroti | pr | does not make amends; does not redress; does not remedy; does not correct oneself | √kar 7 o (do, make) | na + pati + karo + ti | oti pr | 5 |
| natthi 2 | pr | does not exist; no longer exists | √as 1 a (be) | na + √as + ti | natthi pr | 5 |
| vācā 1 | fem | speech; words; statement; talk | √vac 1 a (say, speak) | √vac > vāc + *ā | ā fem | 7 |
| atthitā | fem | existence; idea of existence; fact of being present | √as 1 a (be) | √as + ti + tā | ā fem | 7 |
| natthitā | fem | nonexistence; absence; fact of not being present | √as 1 a (be) | na + √as + ti + tā | ā fem | 7 |
| anupagamma 1 | ger | avoiding; not going near | √gam 1 a (go) | na > an + upa + √gam + ya | 8 | |
| aṅga 3 | nt | factor; component; element; quality; aspect | √añj 8 *e (distinguish) | √añj > aṅg + a | a nt | 9 |
| adhiṭṭhāna 2 | nt | standpoint; prejudice; bias; preconception | √ṭhā 1 a (stand) | adhi + √ṭhā + ana | a nt | 9 |
| addhāna 1 | nt | long road; highroad; journey | addha + āna | a nt | 9 | |
| sabba 2 | pron | everything; everyone; all | a pron | 10 | ||
| uppajjamāna | prp | arising; appearing; coming into being | √pad 3 ya (go, step) | ud + pajja + māna | māna prp | 10 |
| dubbhāsita 1 | adj | badly spoken; incorrectly said | √bhās 1 a (speak) | dur + √bhās + ita | a adj | 11 |
| appa 1 | adj | few; not many; not much | a adj | 11 | ||
| bhāsita 2 | pp | said (by); spoken (by); recited (by) | √bhās 1 a (speak) | √bhās + ita | a pp | 11 |
| khāyita 1 | pp | chewed (by); bitten (by); gnawed (by) | √khād 1 a (chew) | √khād > khāy + ita | a pp | 11 |
| sacca 1 | adj | true; correct; accurate; honest; reliable | √as 1 a (be) | sa + nta > santa > sat + ya | a adj | 11 |
| saṇha 1 | adj | (of speech) smooth; soft; gentle; mild; polite | a adj | 11 | ||
| subhāsita 1 | adj | well spoken; articulate; eloquent | √bhās 1 a (speak) | su + √bhās + ita | a adj | 11 |
| saṃhita | pp | connected (with); concerning; having | √dhā 1 a (place, support) | saṃ + √dhā > (da)h + ita | a pp | 11 |
| sāyita 1 | pp | tasted; savoured | √sāy 1 a (taste) | √sāy + ita | a pp | 11 |
| asita 1.1 | pp | eaten | √as 1 a (eat) | √as + ita | a pp | 11 |
| khama 2 | adj | fit (for); capable (of); suitable (for) | √kham 1 a (tolerate, endure) | √kham + a | a adj | 11 |
| ettāvatā | ind | to this extent; to such a degree; so far | ima + tta + vant + tā | 13 | ||
| desenta 1 | prp | preaching (to); teaching (to); explaining (to); pointing out (to) | √dis 1 *e (point out, explain) | dese + nta | enta prp | 14 |
| anavajja 1 | ptp | irreproachable; faultless; blameless; innocent | √vad 8 *e (salute, praise) | na > an + ava + √vad + ya | a ptp | 14 |
| ananuvajja | ptp | not blameworthy (for); praiseworthy (for); faultless (for) | √vad 1 a (say, speak) | na > an + anu + √vad + ya | a ptp | 14 |
| pariṇāma 1 | masc | (of food) digestion | √nam 1 *e (bend) | pari + ṇāme + a | a masc | 14 |