Advanced Pāli Course Key to Exercises 40-50¶

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Classes 30-40

Class 40

Class 41

Class 40¶

JA 1.1.33

sammodamānā gacchanti, jālamādāya pakkhino.
yadā te vivadissanti, tadā ehinti me vasanti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
sammodamānā	prp	masc.nom.pl	being friendly, being happy together
gacchanti,	verb	pr.3.pl	they go, walk, move, wander around
jālam-	noun		net, snare, entanglement
ādāya	verb	ger	taking
pakkhino.	noun	masc.dat.pl	for birds, lit. with wings
yadā	ind		when, whenever
te	pron	masc.nom.pl	they
vivadissanti,	verb	fut.3.pl	will disagree, quarrel, dispute, argue, conflict
tadā	ind		then, at that time
ehinti	verb	fut.3.pl	they will come
me	pron	masc.gen.sg	my
vasanti.	noun	masc.acc.sg	control, authority, power, mastery

They wandering around being friendly, taking a net for birds. When they will argue, then they will come under my control.

THI 46

ehi bhaddeti maṃ avaca, sā me āsūpasampadā.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
ehi	verb	imp.2.sg	come!
bhaddeti	noun	fem.voc.sg	madam, maam, good lady

maṃ pron 1.acc.sg me

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
avaca,	verb	imp.3.sg	he said, he told
sā	pron	fem.nom.sg	she, that

me pron 1.gen.sg my

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
āsu-	ind		quick, fast
ūpasampadā.	noun	fem.nom.sg	higher ordination as monastic

good lady, come!, he said to me. That was my quick higher ordination as monastic.

BV 2 KN 12.2

tattha pāyāsaṃ paggayha, nerañjaramupehiti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tattha	ind		there, in that place; in that regard, in that case
pāyāsaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	milk rice porridge, kheer
paggayha,	verb	ger	having taken
nerañjaram-	noun		Nerañjara River
upehiti.	verb	fut.3.sg	one will approach, one will arrive (at)

having taken milk rice porridge in that place, he will approach Nerañjara River.

BV 2 KN 12.2

paṭiyatta-vara-maggena, bodhimūlam-upehiti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
paṭiyatta-	pp		prepared, arranged
vara-	adj		excellent, best, lit. select
maggena,	noun	masc.ins.sg	by road, path, track
bodhimūlam-	noun		foot of the Bodhi tree
upehiti.	verb	fut.3.sg	he will approach, he will arrive (at)

he will approach the foot of the Bodhi tree, by (well) prepared, excellent path.

SN 1.49

sace enti manussattaṃ, dalidde jāyare kule.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
sace	ind		if
enti	verb	pr.3.pl	they come, goes (to), comes (to), becomes
manussattaṃ,	noun	nt.acc.sg	human existence, human state
dalidde	adj		in poor, needy, impoverished
jāyare	verb	pr.refl.3.pl	they born, come into being
kule.	noun	masc.loc.sg	in family

if they come to human existence, they come into being in poor family.

DN 14.14

alatthuṃ kho, bhikkhave, tāni caturāsītipāṇasahassāni vipassissa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa santike pabbajjaṃ,

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
alatthuṃ	verb	aor.3.pl	they got, they obtained
kho,	ind		indeed
tāni	pron	nt.nom.pl	they, those
caturāsīti-	adj		eighty four (84)
pāṇa-	noun		being, living being
sahassāni	adj	nt.nom.pl	one thousand (1000)
vipassissa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of insightful one, Vipassī Buddha
bhagavato	noun	masc.gen.sg	of the Buddha
arahato	noun	masc.gen.sg	of enlightened being, lit. worthy one
sammāsambuddhassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of perfectly awakened one, fully enlightened being
santike	ind		to, in the presence (of), near (to), nearby, close (to), on the verge (of)
pabbajjaṃ,	noun	fem.acc.sg	(vinaya) ordination, renunciation, becoming a monastic

indeed those eighty four thousand living beings got ordination in the presence of enlightened, perfectly awakened one, Vipassī Buddha.

APA 27

alatthaṃ paramaṃ pītiṃ, disvā dantaṃ jutindharaṃ.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
alatthaṃ	verb	aor.1.sg	I got, I obtained
paramaṃ	adj	fem.acc.sg	very highest, very worst, ultimate, superior, sublime, most extreme
pītiṃ,	noun	fem.acc.sg	delight, joy, rapture, bliss
disvā	verb	abs	having seen, having understood, having found
dantaṃ	adj	masc.acc.sg	tamed, trained, restrained
jutindharaṃ.	noun	masc.acc.sg	brilliant, Jutindhara

Having seen restrained Jutindhara, I got superior delight.

APA 539

anāgatamhi addhāne, lacchase taṃ manorathaṃ.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
anāgatamhi	adj	nt.loc.sg	in not come, future
addhāne,	noun	nt.loc.sg	in time
lacchase	v.reflex	fut.2.sg	you yourself will get
taṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	that
manorathaṃ.	noun	masc.acc.sg	hearts desire, object of desire, wish

In the future you will get that (your) wish.

VV 32

patīsu dhammaṃ pacaritva sabbā, lacchāmase bhāsati yaṃ ayaṃ latā.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
patīsu	m	masc.loc.pl	on husbands
dhammaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	the Teaching
pacaritvā	verb	abs	having practised, having behaved in a certain manner
sabbā,	pron	fem.nom.sg	all
lacchāmase	v.reflex	imp.2.sg	will should get, may we obtain
bhāsati	verb	pr.3.sg	speaks (about), talks (about)
yaṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	that which
ayaṃ	pron	fem.nom.sg	this, she
latā.	noun	fem.nom.sg	epitet of greed, Latā

having practised the Teaching on (our) husbands, may we obtain that, what this Latā speaks.

DN 14.10

atha kho, bhikkhave, vipassissa bodhisattassa rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
atha kho,	ind		then, and then, after that
vipassissa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of insightful one, Vipassī Buddha
bodhisattassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of Buddha-to-be
rahogatassa	adj	masc.gen.sg	when gone into seclusion, gone to lonely place.
paṭisallīnassa	pp	masc.gen.sg	when secluded, retired, gone into solitude abstracted, plunged in meditation, separated
evaṃ	ind		thus, this, like this, just as, such
cetaso	noun	masc.dat.sg	to mind
parivitakko	noun	masc.nom.sg	reflection, contemplation, train of thought
udapādi	verb	aor.3.sg	arose, sprung up

And then this reflection arose in the mind of Vipassī, Buddha-to-be, when he gone into seclusion and was retired.

DN 14.1

ito so, bhikkhave, ekanavutikappe yaṃ vipassī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho loke udapādi.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
ito	ind		from here (time), from now, ago
so,	pron	masc.nom.sg	that, it
ekanavuti-	adj	masc.	in 91st
kappe	noun	masc.loc.sg	kaplas, aeons
yaṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	that which
vipassī	noun	masc.nom.sg	insightful one, Vipassī Buddha
bhagavā	noun	masc.nom.sg	the Buddha
arahaṃ	noun	masc.nom.sg	enlightened being, lit. worthy one
sammāsambuddho	noun	masc.nom.sg	perfectly awakened one, fully enlightened being
loke	noun	masc.loc.sg	in the world
udapādi.	verb	aor.3.sg	arose, sprung up

It was 91 aeons ago, that the Vipassī Buddha, worthy one, perfectly awakened one, arose in the world.

APA 8

accayena ahorattaṃ, padumuttara-nāmako
sabbaṃ tamaṃ vinodetvā, loke uppajji cakkhumā.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
accayena	ind		after the passing, after the lapse
ahorattaṃ,	noun	nt.acc.sg	day and night
padumuttara-	noun		name of a Buddha, Ultimate Lotus
nāmako	adj	masc.nom.sg	by the name of, called
sabbaṃ	adj	masc.acc.sg	all
tamaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	darkness, ignorance
vinodetvā,	verb	abs	having dispelled, having driven out, having removed
loke	noun	masc.loc.sg	in the world
uppajji	verb	aor.3.sg	appeared, arose, was born, took place
cakkhumā.	noun	masc.nom.sg	One who possesing a vision

After the passing day and night, Buddha Ultimate Lotus having removed all ignorance, and the One who possesing a vision arose in the world.

APA 12

sucārurūpaṃ disvāna, vitti me udapajjatha.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
sucārurūpaṃ	adj	masc.acc.sg	handsome appearance, beautiful form
disvāna,	verb	abs	having seen
vitti	noun	fem.nom.sg	joy, happiness, pleasure, lit. gain

me pron 1.dat.sg for me

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
udapajjatha.	v.reflex	imperf.3.sg	it came, arose

After seeing the one with handsome appearance, happiness arose in me.

Vin 4, 1.13

labheyyāma mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyāma upasampadanti. etha bhikkhavoti bhagavā avoca ... sāva tesaṃ āyasmantānaṃ upasampadā ahosi.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
labheyyāma	verb	opt.1.pl	we could get, may we get, we wish to get

mayaṃ, pron 1.nom.sg we

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
bhante,	noun	masc.voc.sg	sir, lord, reverend
bhagavato	noun	masc.gen.sg	of the Buddha, Blessed One
santike	ind		in the presence (of), near (to)
pabbajjaṃ,	noun	masc.fem.sg	ordination, renunciation, becoming a monastic
labheyyāma	verb	opt.1.pl	we could get, may we get, we wish to get
upasampadanti. n	f.ac.s		higher ordination as monastic
etha	verb	imp.2.pl	come you all!
bhikkhavoti	noun	masc.voc.pl	o monks
bhagavā	noun	masc.nom.sg	Sublime One, Blessed One, Fortunate One, Buddha
avoca	verb	aor.3.sg	said
sā-eva	pron	fem.nom.sg	just that, this
tesaṃ	pron	masc.gen.pl	of those
āyasmantānaṃ	noun	masc.gen.pl	of venerables, reverends
upasampadā	noun	fem.nom.sg	higher ordination as monastic
ahosi.	verb	aor.3.sg	it was

We wish to get the ordination and the higher ordination in the presence of the Blessed One. Come monks!, said the Fortunate One. Just that was the higher ordination of those venerables.

Vin 1, 1.2

gacchāvuso, ahampi āgacchāmīti. eyyāsi, bhante, purāhaṃ haññāmīti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
gaccha-	verb	imp.2.sg	go!
āvuso,	noun	masc.voc.sg	friend

aham-pi pron 1.nom.sg I also

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
āgacchāmīti.	verb	pr.1.sg	I come, come along
eyyāsi,	verb	opt.2.sg	you should come
bhante,	noun	masc.voc.sg	sir, lord, reverend
pura-	ind		before

ahaṃ pron 1.nom.sg I

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
haññāmīti.	v.pass	pr.1.sg	I am hurt, killed, destroyed

Go, friend! I also come along.; May you come, sir, before I am killed.

THI 72

na ca me hiṃsati kiñci, na cahaṃ isidāsiyā saha vacchaṃ.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
na	ind		not
ca	ind		and

me pron 1.dat.sg to me

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
hiṃsati	verb	pr.3.sg	harms, hurts, injures, troubles
kiñci,	ind		something, anything
na	ind		not

ca-ahaṃ pron 1.nom.sg but I

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
isidāsiyā	noun	fem.ins.sg	with Isidāsi
saha	ind		with
vacchaṃ.	verb	fut.1.sg	I will live

Nothing troubles me, but I will not live with Isidāsi.

THI 68

pakkamissañca nāḷāto, kodha nāḷāya vacchati

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
pakkamissañca	verb	fut.1.sg	and I will go, leave
nāḷāto,	noun	fem.abl.sg	from Nāḷa
ko-	pron	masc.nom.sg	who? what? which?
idha	ind		here, in this regard, in this world
nāḷāya	noun	fem.loc.sg	in Nāḷa
vacchati	verb	fut.3.sg	will live

And I will leave from Nāḷa. Who will live here in Nāḷa?

SN 20.8

tesaṃ rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto lacchati otāraṃ lacchati ārammaṇaṃ.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tesaṃ	noun	masc.gen.pl	their
rājā	noun	masc.nom.sg	king
māgadho	adj	masc.nom.sg	of Magadha
ajātasattu	noun	masc.nom.sg	Ajātasattu, born enemy
vedehiputto	noun	masc.nom.sg	Vedehiputta, son of the lady from Videha or son of the wise woman.
lacchati	verb	fut.3.sg	will get, will obtain
otāraṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	chance, opportunity, opening, gap
lacchati	verb	fut.3.sg	will get, will obtain
ārammaṇaṃ.	noun	nt.acc.sg	chance, opportunity

Their king of Magadha, Ajātasattu, son of the lady from Videha, will get chance, will get opportunity.

Vin 4, 6.179

tena kho pana samayena jānapadā manussā ... bahārāmakoṭṭhake sakaṭaparivaṭṭaṃ karitvā acchanti — yadā paṭipāṭiṃ labhissāma, tadā bhattaṃ karissāmāti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tena	pron	masc.ins.sg	by that
kho pana	ind		and now, but, and next (indeed)
samayena	noun	masc.ins.sg	by time, occasion
jānapadā	adj	masc.nom.pl	from country site
manussā	noun	masc.nom.pl	people, human beings
bahi-	ind		externally; outside
ārāmakoṭṭhake	noun	masc.loc.sg	gate-tower of a monastery
sakaṭa-	noun		cart, wagon
parivaṭṭaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	circle, round
karitvā	verb	abs	having done, having made, having built
acchanti	verb	pr.3.pl	wait, remain, lit. sit
yadā	ind		when, whenever
paṭipāṭiṃ	noun	fem.acc.sg	turn (in queue)
labhissāma	verb	fut.1.pl	we will obtain, get
tadā	ind		then, at that time
bhattaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	food, meal
karissāmāti.	verb	fut.1.pl	we will make

Now at that time country people having made circle of wagons outside the gate-tower of a monastery, they remain waiting : When we get turn, then we will make food.@

Vin-a 1,

brāhmaṇo … paṭipathe theraṃ disvā, “bho pabbajita, amhākaṃ gehaṃ agamitthā”ti āha. “āma, brāhmaṇa, agamimhā”ti. “api kiñci labhitthā”ti? “āma, brāhmaṇa, labhimhā”ti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
brāhmaṇo	noun	masc.nom.sg	Brahman
paṭipathe	noun	masc.loc.sg	in way back, opposite direction
theraṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	elder, senior monk
disvā,	verb	abs	having seen, having understood, having found
bho	noun	masc.voc.sg	o sir, master, friend, good man, you
pabbajita,	noun	masc.voc.sg	o monk, monastic, renunciant

amhākaṃ pron 1.gen.pl our, of us

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
gehaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	house, dwelling
agamitthā”ti	verb	aor.2.pl	you all went
āha.	verb	perf.3.sg	he had said
āma,	ind		yes, certainly
brāhmaṇa,	noun	masc.voc.sg	o Brahman
agamimhā”ti.	verb	aor.1.pl	we went
“api	ind	interrog	have? did? was?
kiñci	ind		something, anything
labhitthā”ti?	verb	aor.2.pl	you all got, obtained
“āma,	ind		yes, certainly
brāhmaṇa,	noun	masc.voc.sg	o Brahman
labhimhā”ti.	verb	aor.1.pl	we got, obtained

Brahman having seen a senior monk on the way back, he said: “O Venerable monk, you went to our house.”; “Yes, Brahman, we went.”; “Did you get anything?”; “Yes, Brahman, we got.”

21 Vin-a 1

rājā sumanaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pucchi — “kuto dāni, bhante, dhātuyo lacchāmā”ti?

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
rājā	noun	masc.nom.sg	king
sumanaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	Sumana, glad, happy
upasaṅkamitvā	verb	abs	having approached, having gone (to), having drawn near (to)
pucchi	verb	aor.3.sg	asked, enquired, questioned
“kuto	ind		from where?, where?
dāni,	ind		now, immediately
bhante,	noun	voc.sg	sir, lord, reverend
dhātuyo	noun	masc.acc.pl	relics (of the Buddha or arahant)
lacchāmā”ti?	verb	fut.1.pl	we will get, will obtain

Having approached Sumana, king asked: “Now, Sir, where we will get relics?”

Vin-a 1,

“tvaṃ, mahārāja, vīthiyo sodhāpetvā ... uposathaṃ samādiyitvā ... sāyanhasamaye mahānāgavanuyyānābhimukho yāhi. addhā tasmiṃ ṭhāne dhātuyo lacchasī”ti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
“tvaṃ,	pron	masc.nom.sg	you
mahārāja,	noun	masc.voc.sg	great king, supreme ruler
vīthiyo	noun	fem.acc.pl	streets
sodhāpetvā	verb	abs	having caused to clean
uposathaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	full moon or new moon observance day
samādiyitvā	verb	abs	having undertaken
sāyanhasamaye	noun	masc.loc.sg	in the latter part of the afternoon; everning; after-noon.
mahānāgavana-	noun		Mahānāgavana
uyyāna-	noun		park, pleasure grove, lit. walk out
abhimukho	adj	masc.nom.sg	facing the entrance, being in front
yāhi	verb	imp.2.sg	you go, travel
addhā	ind		certainly, surely
tasmiṃ	pron	masc.loc.sg	in that
ṭhāne	noun	nt.loc.sg	in place
dhātuyo	noun	fem.acc.pl	relics (of the Buddha or arahant)
lacchasī”ti.	verb	pr.2.sg	you will get

O great king, after causing to clean streets, after undertaking observance day, in the after-noon go towards the entrance of Mahānāgavana park. In that place certainly you will get relics.

Class 41¶

APA 40

kāye visaṃ na kamati, satthāni na ca hanti me.
udakehaṃ na miyyāmi, āyāgassa idaṃ phalaṃ.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
kāye	noun	masc.loc.sg	in body
visaṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	poison, toxin, venom
na	ind		not
kamati,	verb	pr.3.sg	goes (into), enters (into), penetrates, has an effect
satthāni	noun	nt.nom.pl	weapons, knifes, swords
na	ind		not
ca	ind		and
hanti	verb	pr.3.sg	hits, harms, injures

me. pron 1.dat.sg to me

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
udake-	noun	nt.loc.sg	in water

ahaṃ pron 1.nom.sg I

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
na	ind		not
miyyāmi,	verb	pr.1.sg	I am killed, die
āyāgassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of gift, sacrifice, religious offering
idaṃ	pron	nt.nom.sg	this
phalaṃ.	noun	nt.nom.sg	consequence, result, lit. fruit

Poison is not goes into (my) body and weapons are not harm me. I am not die (sinking) in water, this is the result of religious offering.

SN 6.12

phalaṃ ve kadaliṃ hanti, phalaṃ veḷuṃ phalaṃ naḷaṃ.
sakkāro kāpurisaṃ hanti, gabbho assatariṃ yathāti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
phalaṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	fruit
ve	ind		indeed, truly, really
kadaliṃ	noun	fem.acc.sg	plantain tree, banana tree
hanti,	verb	pr.3.sg	kills, destroys
phalaṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	fruit
veḷuṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	bamboo
phalaṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	fruit
naḷaṃ.	noun	masc.acc.sg	reed

(Like) fruit destroys banana tree, fruit (destroys) bamboo, fruit (destroys) reed.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
sakkāro	noun	masc.nom.sg	honour, accolade, respect, praise
kāpurisaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	evil man, despicable person, worthless man
hanti,	verb	pr.3.sg	kills, destroys
gabbho	noun	masc.nom.sg	embryo
assatariṃ	noun	fem.acc.sg	female mule
yathāti.	ind		like, as

Praise destroys worthless man, like embryo (destroys) female mule.

Dhp 3 yamakavaggo

akkocchi maṃ avadhi maṃ, ajini maṃ ahāsi me.
ye ca taṃ upanayhanti, veraṃ tesaṃ na sammati.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
akkocchi	verb	aor.3.sg	verbally abused

maṃ pron 1.acc.sg me

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
avadhi	verb	aor.3.sg	beat, struck, hurt

maṃ, pron 1.acc.sg me

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
ajini	verb	aor.3.sg	overpowered, defeated

maṃ pron 1.acc.sg me

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
ahāsi	verb	aor.3.sg	robbed, stole, took

me. pron 1.dat.sg to me

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
ye	pron	masc.nom.pl	those, whoever
ca	ind		and
taṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	that
upanayhanti,	verb	pr.3.pl	holds a grudge (towards), has ill will (towards), lit. be bound up (with)
veraṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	hatred, ill-will
tesaṃ	pron	masc.dat.sg	of him
na	ind		not
sammati.	verb	pr.3.sg	is calmed, is cooled

he verbally abused me, he hurt me, he defeated me, he robbed me, whoever holds that grudge, hatred is not calmed for them .

TH 243

tassāhaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā, vihāsiṃ sāsane rato

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tassa-	pron	masc.gen.sg	his

ahaṃ pron 1.nom.sg I

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
vacanaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	word, utterance, talk, statement
sutvā,	verb	abs	having heard, having listened (to)
vihāsiṃ	verb	aor.1.sg	I lived, stayed in
sāsane	noun	nt.loc.sg	in religion, monastic order, dispensation
rato	pp	masc.nom.sg	delighted (in), devoted (to), pleased (with), enjoying

Having heard his talk, I stayed delighted in (that) monastic order.

TH 262

kadā nuhaṃ pabbatakandarāsu, ekākiyo addutiyo vihassaṃ.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
kadā	ind		when

nuhaṃ pron 1.nom.sg I ?

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
pabbata-	noun		mountain, hill
kandarāsu,	noun	masc.loc.pl	in grottoes gorges, gullies, valleys, ravines
ekākiyo	adj	masc.nom.sg	alone, solitary
addutiyo	adj	masc.nom.sg	without companion, partner, lit. second person
vihassaṃ.	verb	fur.1.sg	I will live

When I will live along, without companion, in mountains grottoes?

SN 6.14

ārabhatha, nikkhamatha, yuñjatha buddhasāsane. dhunātha maccuno senaṃ, naḷāgāraṃva kuñjaro. yo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye, appamatto vihassati. pahāya jātisaṃsāraṃ, dukkhassantaṃ karissati.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
ārambhatha	verb	imp.2.pl	begin, arouse your energy
nikkhamatha	verb	imp.2.pl	leave the household life, go forth (from)
yuñjatha	verb	imp.2.pl	join (in), engage (in), participate (in)
buddhasāsane	noun	nt.loc.sg	in Buddhas teaching, instruction

Arouse your energy! eave the household life! engage yourself in the Buddhas teaching!

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
dhunātha	verb	imp.2.pl	shake apart, remove away.
maccuno	noun	masc.gen.sg	Māras
senaṃ	noun	fem.acc.sg	army, multitude
naḷāgāraṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	a hut made of reeds
va (iva)	ind		like, like as, as if
kuñjaro	noun	masc.nom.sg	elephant

Shake apart the army of Māra, like as elephant a hut made of reeds!

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
yo	noun	masc.nom.sg	whoever
imasmiṃ	pron	masc.l.sg	in this
dhammavinaye	noun	masc.l.sg	in Teaching and Discipline
appamatto	adj	masc.nom.sg	vigilant; careful; alert; diligent
vihassati	verb	fut.3.sg	will live
pahāya	verb	abs	giving up, abandoning
jātisaṃsāraṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	cycle of rebirths.
dukkhassantaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	end of suffering
karissati	verb	fut.3.sg	he will make

Abandoning the cycle of rebirths, he will make an end to suffering.

TH 179

aniccā hi calā saddhā, evaṃ diṭṭhā hi sā mayā.
rajjantipi virajjanti, tattha kiṃ jiyyate muni.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
aniccā	adj	fem.nom.sg	impermanent, unstable, unreliable
hi	ind		indeed, certainly, truly, definitely
calā	adj	fem.nom.sg	unsteady, unstable, shaky, fickle
saddhā,	noun	fem.nom.sg	(romantic) devotion, love, lit. putting heart
evaṃ	ind		thus, this, like this, just as, such
diṭṭhā	pp	fem.nom.sg	seen, found
hi	ind		indeed, certainly, truly, definitely
sā	pron	fem.nom.sg	she, that
mayā.	pron	masc.ins.sg	by me
rajjanti-	verb	pr.3.pl	desire, love, are enamoured, are infatuated (with)
api	ind		even, even then
virajjanti,	verb	pr.3.pl	become detached, lose interest, become dispassionate, get bored
tattha	ind		in that regard, in that case
kiṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	who? what? which?
jiyyate	verb	opt.3.sg	should grow old, get worn out, get tired of
muni.	noun	masc.nom.sg	monk, sage, seer, hermit, silent sage

indeed (their) devotion is unstable and unsteady, like this that was seen by me. They love then lose interest. Why sage should get tired with that?

JA 528

tasmā nābhikkhaṇaṃ gacche, na ca gacche cirāciraṃ.
kālena yācaṃ yāceyya, evaṃ mittā na jīyare.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tasmā	ind		therefore, that is why
nābhikkhaṇaṃ	ind		not constantly, infrequently, seldom
gacche,	verb	opt.3.sg	could go, should walk
na	ind		not
ca	ind		and
gacche	verb	opt.3.sg	could go, should walk
cirāciraṃ.	ind		after a long time; for a long time

Therefore one should come not constantly neither after a long time.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
kālena	ind	timely, at the right moment, at a suitable time,	at the proper time
yācaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	something asked for, alms
yāceyya,	verb	opt.3.sg	could ask (for), should beg (for) request
evaṃ	ind		thus, this, like this, just as, such
mittā	noun	masc.nom.pl	friends
na	ind		not
jīyare.	v.refl.	pr.3.spl	diminish, decrease, get less

One should ask alms in the proper time, like this (his) friends will not decrease.

JA 500

yā kāci najjo gaṅgamabhissavanti, sabbāva tā nāmagottaṃ jahanti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
yā	pron	fem.nom.pl	whatever
kāci	pron	fem.nom.pl	some
najjo	noun	fem.nom.pl	rivers
gaṅgam-	noun		Gaṅga, Ganges
abhissavanti,	verb	pr.3.pl	flow (into)
sabbā-	adj	fem.nom.pl	all
eva	ind		only, just, so, even
tā	pron	fem.nom.pl	they
nāmagottaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	name and surname, name and clan
jahanti.	verb	pr.3.pl	give up, leave, abandon

Whatever rivers flow into the Ganges, just all they give up (their) names.

DN 27.6

padālatāya antarahitāya sannipatiṃsu. sannipatitvā anutthuniṃsu — ahu vata no, ahāyi vata no padālatāti

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
padālatāya	noun	fem.gen.sg	when delicious creeper, lit. foot creeper
antarahitāya	pp	fem.gen.sg	when disappeared
sannipatiṃsu.	verb	aor.3.pl	assembled, came together
sannipatitvā	verb	abs	having gathered together, having assembled, having met
anutthuniṃsu	verb	aor.3.pl	moaned, lamented, grieved
ahu	verb	aor.1.sg	it was, there was
vata	ind		oh! oh no! oh dear!

no, pron 1.dat.pl for us

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
ahāyi	V	aor.3.sg	decreased, dwindled, diminished, disappeared
vata	ind		oh! oh no! oh dear!

no pron 1.dat.pl for us

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
padālatāti	noun	f,n.sg	delicious creeper, lit. foot creeper

When delicious creeper disappeared, they assembled. Having gathered together they grieved: Oh! It was for us! Oh! Delicious creeper disappeared for us!

DN 14.11

kicchaṃ vatāyaṃ loko āpanno, jāyati ca jīyati ca mīyati ca cavati ca upapajjati ca, atha ca panimassa dukkhassa nissaraṇaṃ nappajānāti jarāmaraṇassa

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
kicchaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	difficulty, trouble
vata-	ind		indeed, truly
ayaṃ	pron	masc.nom.sg	this
loko	noun	masc.nom.sg	world
āpanno,	pp	masc.nom.sg	possessed of, filled with, lit. entered
jāyati ca	verb	pr.3.sg	is born, comes into being
jīyati ca	verb	pr.3.sg	grows old, gets old
mīyati ca	verb	pr.3.sg	is killed, dies
cavati ca	verb	pr.3.sg	passes away, dies
upapajjati ca,	verb	pr.3.sg	is reborn (in), re-arises (in)
atha	ind		then, also, and so, after that / but, rather, even
ca	ind		and
pana	ind		moreover, and now, but
imassa	pron	nt.gen.sg	of this
dukkhassa	noun	nt.gen.sg	of discomfort, suffering, pain, unease, something unsatisfactory, problem, trouble
nissaraṇaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	escape, exit, remedy
nappajānāti	verb	pr.3.sg	does not know, does not clearly understand, does not distinguish
jarāmaraṇassa	noun	nt.gen.sg	of aging and death

Truly this world filled with trouble, one comes into being, one gets old, one dies, one passes away and one re-arises, and moreover one does not distinguish the escape of this suffering, of aging and death.

DN 18.4

devā tāvatiṃsā attamanā honti pamuditā pītisomanassajātā dibbā vata bho kāyā paripūrenti, hāyanti asurakāyāti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
devā	noun	masc.nom.pl	deities
tāvatiṃsā	adj	masc.nom.pl	belonging to the (Heaven of the) Thirty Three
attamanā	adj	masc.nom.pl	pleased, happy, delighted, satisfied
honti	verb	pr.3.pl	they are
pamuditā	pp	masc.nom.pl	pleased, delighted, become joyful
pīti-	noun		delight, joy, rapture, bliss
somanassajātā	adj	masc.nom.pl	state of joy
dibbā	adj	masc.nom.pl	divine, heavenly, celestial
vata	ind		certainly, surely, indeed
bho	noun	masc.voc.sg	o sir, master, friend, good man, you
kāyā	noun	masc.nom.pl	group, multitude
paripūrenti,	verb	pr.3.pl	are filling up, are increasing
hāyanti	verb	pr.3.pl	decrease, dwindle, diminishe, decline, disappears
asura-	noun		Dark One, enemy of the devas
kāyāti.	noun	masc.nom.pl	group, multitude

deities of the Heaven of the Thirty Three are happy, delighted and in state of joy and rapture: O sir, indeed heavenly groups are increasing, the groups of asuras are declining.

APA 47

pañca uppalahatthāni, āveḷatthaṃ ahaṃsu me

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
pañca	adj		five (5)
uppala-	noun		water lilly, blue lotus
hatthāni,	noun	nt.acc.pl	hands
āveḷa-	nt		wreath, garland (worn on the head)
atthaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	purpose, use, function
ahaṃsu	verb	aor.3.pl	they carried, brought

me pron 1.dat.sg to me

they brought five hands of water lilly to me for the garland.

VV 53

dvepathamagamāsiṃ coramajjhe, te maṃ tattha vadhiṃsu bhogahetu.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
dvepatham-	noun		crossroad, intersection
agamāsiṃ	verb	aor.1.sg	I came, arrived
cora-	noun		thief, robber
majjhe,	ind		in the middle, in the midst (of)
te	pron	masc.nom.pl	they

maṃ pron 1.acc.sg me

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tattha	ind		there, in that place
vadhiṃsu	verb	aor.3.pl	injured, killed, slaughtered, attacked
bhoga-hetu.	ind		for the sake of money, for the sake of wealth

I arrived in the crossroad in the middle of robbers, in that place they attacked me for the sake of wealth.

VV 53

te mayaṃ punareva laddhā mānusattaṃ, paṭipannā viharemu sīlavanto.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
te	pron	nt.ac.pl	those; they

mayaṃ pron 1.nom.sg we

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
puna-	ind		again, once more
eva	ind		only, just, so, even
laddhā	verb	abs	having got
mānusattaṃ,	noun	nt.acc.sg	human state
paṭipannā	adj	masc.nom.pl	practising (for), lit. following the way
viharemu	verb	opt.1.pl	we may live, we could stay
sīlavanto.	adj	masc.nom.pl	virtuous, ethical, moral, lit. possessing conduct

We just again got human state, let us live practising morality.

KN 14.18

evaṃ ce sattā jāneyyuṃ, dukkhāyaṃ jātisambhavo.
na pāṇo pāṇinaṃ haññe, pāṇaghātī hi socatīti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
evaṃ	ind		thus, this, like this, just as, such
ce	ind		if
sattā	noun	masc.nom.pl	being, living being
jāneyyuṃ,	verb	opt.3.pl	could know, understand
dukkha-	noun	discomfort, suffering, pain, unease, something	unsatisfactory, problem, trouble
ayaṃ	pron	masc.nom.sg	this, this thing
jātisambhavo.	adj	masc.nom.sg	produced by birth
na	ind		not
pāṇo	noun	masc.nom.sg	being, living being, lit. breath
pāṇinaṃ	noun	masc.dat.pl	to living beings
haññe	verb	opt.3.sg	should kill
pāṇaghātī	noun	masc.nom.sg	killer of living beings
hi	ind		indeed
socatīti.	verb	pr.3.sg	sorrows, grieves, mourns

if living being could understand thus: this suffering produced by birth, (one) living being should not kill (another) beings, indeed killer of living beings sorrows.

KN 2.10 Dhp 130

sabbe tasanti daṇḍassa, sabbesaṃ jīvitaṃ piyaṃ.
attānaṃ upamaṃ katvā, na haneyya na ghātaye.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
sabbe	pron	masc.nom.pl	all
tasanti	verb	pr.3.pl	are afraid (of), fears
daṇḍassa,	noun	masc.gen.sg	of stick, truncheon, nightstick, club
sabbesaṃ	pron	masc.dat.pl	to all
jīvitaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	life, life span
piyaṃ.	adj	nt.acc.sg	dear (to), beloved (by), lovely (for)
attānaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	self, himself, herself, itself, yourself, oneself (object)
upamaṃ	noun	fem.acc.sg	simile, comparison, parallel
katvā,	verb	abs	having done, having made
na	ind		not
haneyya	verb	opt.3.sg	could hit, beat, injure, strike, hurt
na	ind		not
ghātaye.	v.caus	opt.3.sg	could cause to slay, to kill

All are afraid of a stick, life is dear to all. Having made the comparison with onself, may one not hurt, may not cause to kill.

SN 6.2

sabbe saddhammagaruno, vihaṃsu viharanti ca.
tathāpi viharissanti, esā buddhāna-dhammatā.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
sabbe	pron	masc.nom.pl	all
saddhamma-	noun		True Teaching, true doctrine, true nature of things
garuno,	adj	masc.nom.pl	respected, esteemed
vihaṃsu	verb	aor.3.pl	they lived
viharanti	verb	pr.3.pl	live, stay, remain, continue
ca.	ind		and
tathāpi	ind		also likewise
viharissanti,	verb	fut.3.pl	they will live
esā	pron	fem.nom.sg	this
buddhānaṃ	noun	masc.gen.pl	of Buddhas
dhammatā.	noun	fem.nom.sg	nature, character, characteristic, attribute

All True Teachings that are now, in the past and even in the future, all they respected by the Buddhas. This Is the Buddhas nature.

DHPa 1.1.2

“sovaṇṇamayo pabhassaro,
uppanno rathapañjaro mama.
tassa cakkayugaṃ na vindāmi,
tena dukkhena jahāmi jīvitan”ti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
“sovaṇṇamayo	adj	masc.nom.sg	golden, made of gold
pabhassaro,	adj	masc.nom.sg	radiant, shining, bright, brilliant
uppanno	adj	masc.nom.sg	arisen, appeared, come into existence
rathapañjaro	noun	masc.nom.sg	frame of a chariot, lit. chariot ribs

mama. pron 1.dat.sg to me

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tassa	pron	masc.dat.sg	to that, to it
cakkayugaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	pair of wheels
na	ind		not
vindāmi,	verb	pr.1.sg	I find, get, possess, has
tena	pron	masc.ins.sg	with that
dukkhena	noun	masc.ins.sg	with discomfort, suffering, pain, unease, something unsatisfactory, problem, trouble
jahāmi	verb	pr.1.sg	I gives up, leaves, abandons, renounces
jīvitan”ti.	noun	nt.acc.sg	life, life span

Golden, radiant frame of a chariot appeared to me. I did not found pair of wheels to it. Because of this problem, I give up (my) life.

K.N.-a V.v.1.1.8

sabbepime gāmavāsino maṃ hanantu vā bandhantu vā, īdise(edise) puññakkhette pānīyadānaṃ dassāmi evā”ti … vanditvā pānīyena nimantesi.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
sabbe-	pron		all
ime	noun	masc.nom.pl	these
gāmavāsino	noun	masc.nom.pl	villagers

maṃ pron 1.acc.sg me

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
hanantu	verb	imp.3.pl	may kill, should strike
vā	ind		or
bandhantu	verb	imp.3.pl	may bind, should tie up, imprison
vā	ind		or
īdise(edise)	adj	nt.loc.sg	in such
puññakkhette	noun	nt.loc.sg	in field of merit
pānīya-	noun		water, drinking water, lit. drinkable
dānaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	alms, gift, giving, offering, charity
dassāmi	verb	fut.1.sg	I will give
evā”ti	ind		only, just, so, even
vanditvā	verb	abs	having bowed, having paid respect, having honoured
pānīyena	noun	masc.ins.sg	with water, drinking water, lit. drinkable
nimantesi.	verb	aor.3.sg	invited (to), called (to)

All these villager should kill or imprison me. I will offer a drinking water to such field of merit… Having paid respect, he invited to drink.

Class 42¶

SN 11.4

yo have balavā santo, dubbalassa titikkhati.
tamāhu paramaṃ khantiṃ, niccaṃ khamati dubbalo.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
yo	pron	masc.nom.sg	whoever, who
have	ind		indeed, surely
balavā	adj	masc.nom.sg	strong, powerful
santo,	pr.p	masc.nom.sg	being, existing
dubbalassa	adj	masc.dat.sg	to frail, weak, feeble
titikkhati.	v.desid	pr.3.sg	endures, tolerates, bears, withstands
tamāhu	idiom		they had said that that
tam-	pron	masc.acc.sg	that
āhu	verb	perf.3.pl	they had said
paramaṃ	adj	fem.acc.sg	very highest, very worst, ultimate, superior, sublime, most extreme, lit. furthest
khantiṃ,	noun	fem.acc.sg	patience, endurance, tolerance
niccaṃ	ind		continuously, always, permanently
khamati	verb	pr.3.sg	endures, tolerates, bears, withstands
dubbalo.	adj	masc.nom.sg	frail, weak, feeble

Whoever indeed being strong tolerates the weaker one, that is ultimate patience they said. Weak always tolerates (anyway).

SN 11.23

addasā kho, bhikkhave, vepacitti asurindo sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. disvāna sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavoca — tikiccha maṃ devānamindāti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
addasā	verb	imperf.3.sg	he saw
kho,	ind		indeed, surely, certainly, truly
Vepacitti	noun	masc.nom.sg	An Asura Vepacitti
Asurindo	noun	masc.nom.sg	Lord of the Dark Ones, king of Asuras.
Sakkaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	Sakka, king of the Devas
Devānam-	noun	masc.gen.pl	of deities, of Devas
indaṃ	noun	masc.nom.sg	lord, king
dūratova	ind		from far away, from afar
āgacchantaṃ	prp	nom.acc.sg	coming, approaching, arriving
disvāna	verb	abs	having seen
Sakkaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	Sakka, king of the Devas
Devānamindaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	Lord of the Shining Ones, epithet of Sakka
etadavoca	verb	aor.3.sg	he said this
tikiccha	v.desid	imp.2.sg	heal, cure

maṃ pron 1.acc.sg me

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
Devānamindāti.	noun	masc.voc.sg	o Lord of the Shining Ones, epithet of Sakka

Vepacitti, king of the Dark Ones, saw Sakka, Lord of the Shining Ones, arriving from far away. Having seen Sakka, Lord of the Shining Ones, he said this: O Lord of the Shining Ones, heal me!

SN 7.9

seyyathāpi nāma phālo divasaṃ-santatto udake pakkhitto cicciṭāyati ciṭiciṭāyati sandhūpāyati sampadhūpāyati; evameva so habyaseso udake pakkhitto cicciṭāyati

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
seyyathāpi	ind		just like, as if
nāma	ind		certainly, truly, for sure
phālo	noun	masc.nom.sg	ploughshare, cutting blade of a plough
divasaṃ-	ind		by day, during the day
santatto	pp	masc.nom.sg	heated, made red-hot
udake	noun	nt.loc.sg	in water
pakkhitto	pp	masc.nom.sg	thrown (into), plunged (into), dropped (into)
cicciṭāyati	v, onom	pr.3.sg	hisses, sizzles, fizzles, crackles
ciṭiciṭāyati	v, onom	pr.3.sg	hisses, sizzles, fizzles, crackles
sandhūpāyati	v, deno	pr.3.sg	smokes
sampadhūpāyati;	v.deno	pr.3.sg	smokes, steams
evameva	ind		similarly, in the same way, so too, just so
so	pron	masc.nom.sg	that, he
habya-seso	noun	masc.nom.sg	remains of a sacrificial offering
udake	noun	nt.loc.sg	in water
pakkhitto	pp	masc.nom.sg	thrown (into), plunged (into), dropped (into)
cicciṭāyati	v, onom	pr.3.sg	hisses, sizzles, fizzles, crackles

Just like ploughshare, heated during the day, thrown into water, hisses, sizzles, smokes and steams. In the same way that remains of a sacrificial offering, thrown into water, fizzles.

JA 154

idhūragānaṃ pavaro paviṭṭho, selassa vaṇṇena pamokkhamicchaṃ.
brahmañca vaṇṇaṃ apacāyamāno, bubhukkhito no vitarāmi (visahāmi) bhottuṃ.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
idha-	ind		here, in this regard, in this case
uragānaṃ	noun	masc.gen.pl	of snakes, of Nagas
pavaro	adj	masc.nom.sg	excellent, distinguished, noble
paviṭṭho	pp	masc.nom.sg	entered, gone (into)
selassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of crystal, sapphire
vaṇṇena	noun	masc.ins.sg	with appearance, with colour
pamokkham-	noun	masc.acc.sg	rescue, deliverance
icchaṃ.	pr.p	masc.nom.sg	wishing, wanting, desiring
brahmañca	noun	masc.acc.sg	Brahman
vaṇṇaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	caste
apacāyamāno,	pr.p	masc.nom.sg	honouring, paying respect to
bubhukkhito	adj	masc.nom.sg	hungry, lit. wished to eat
no	ind		not
visahāmi	verb	pr.1.sg	I dare (to)
bhottuṃ.	verb	inf	to eat

In this regard, the noble of Nagas, with colour of a sapphire, entered, wishing for deliverance. I am not daring to eat, (even I am) hungry, because I am honoring Brahman caste.

5 JA 253

na taṃ yāce yassa piyaṃ jigīse (jigiṃse), desso hoti atiyācanāya.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
na	ind		not
taṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	that, him
yāce	verb	opt.3.sg	could ask, beg, request
yassa	pron	masc.gen.sg	of whoever, who
piyaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	love, friendship
jigiṃse	verb	opt.3.sg	could desire, want, wish to get, lit. wish to conquer
desso	adj	masc.nom.sg	detestable, dislikeable, disagreeable
hoti	verb	pr.3.sg	is
atiyācanāya.	noun	fem.dat.sg	for asking too much

One should not ask him, whos friendship he could wish to get. Asking too much is disagreeable.

JA 546

so puṇṇako kāmavegena giddho, irandhatiṃ nāgakaññaṃ jigiṃsaṃ.
gantvāna taṃ bhūtapatiṃ yasassiṃ, iccabravī vessavaṇaṃ kuveraṃ.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
so	pron	masc.nom.sg	he, that
Puṇṇako	noun	masc.nom.sg	Puṇṇaka
kāmavegena	noun	masc.ins.sg	with power of lust, force of lust
giddho,	adj	masc.nom.sg	greedy, greedy for, desirous of
irandhatiṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	Irandhati
Nāgakaññaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	Nāgakañña
jigiṃsaṃ	pr.p	masc.acc.sg	desiring, wanting, lit. wishing to conquer
gantvāna	verb	abs	having gone (to), having travelled (to)
taṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	that, he
bhūtapatiṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	Lord of Beings, Lord of the Demons, Lord of the Underworld
yasassiṃ	adj	masc.acc.sg	famous, renowned
icc-	ind		thus
abravī	verb	aor.3.sg	said
Vessavaṇaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	Vessavaṇa
Kuveraṃ.	noun	masc.acc.sg	King of Uttarakuru.

That greedy Puṇṇaka, by the force of lust, desiring for Irandhati Nāgakañña. Having travelled to that famous Lord of Beings, he said thus to Vessavaṇa King of Uttarakuru.

7.TH 155

devo ca vassati devo ca gaḷagaḷāyati,
ekako cāhaṃ bherave bile viharāmi.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
devo	noun	masc.nom.sg	rain-cloud
ca	ind		and
vassati	verb	pr.3.sg	rains
devo	noun	masc.nom.sg	rain-cloud
ca	ind		and
gaḷagaḷāyati,	v, deno, onom	pr.3.sg	pours, thunders, makes a gala-gala sound
ekako	adj	masc.nom.sg	alone, solitary

cāhaṃ ind+pn 1.nom.sg but I, and yet I

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
bherave	adj	nt.loc.sg	frightful, terrifying
bile	noun	nt.loc.sg	in den, hole, cave
viharāmi.	verb	pr.1.sg	I live, stay, remain, continue

Rain-cloud rains, rain-cloud thunders, and yet I stay alone in terrifying cave.

AN 8.1 mettāsuttaṃ

ekampi ce pāṇamaduṭṭhacitto,
mettāyati kusalī tena hoti.
sabbe ca pāṇe manasānukampī,
pahūtamariyo pakaroti puññaṃ.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
ekampi	adj	masc.acc.sg	just one, even one
ce	ind		if
pāṇam	noun	masc.acc.sg	being, living being, lit. breath
aduṭṭhacitto,	adj	masc.nom.sg	with benevolent mind, lit. not angry mind
mettāyati	v.deno	pr.3.sg	has goodwill towards, is kind (to)
kusalī	adj	masc.nom.sg	virtuous person, who has merit
tena	ind	adv	thereby, because of that, on that account, lit. by that, with that
hoti.	verb	pr.3.sg	he is

If one with benevolent mind has goodwill towards just one living being, thereby he is a virtuous person.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
sabbe	adj	masc.acc.pl	all
ca	ind		and
pāṇe	noun	masc.acc.pl	beings, living beings, lit. breath
manasi-	noun	masc.loc.sg	in mind
ānukampī,	adj	masc.nom.sg	compassionate, sympathetic
pahūtam-	adj	nt.acc.sg	much, considerable, abundant
ariyo	noun	masc.nom.sg	noble one
pakaroti	verb	pr.3.sg	effects, performs, prepares, makes, does
puññaṃ.	noun	nt.acc.sg	merit, good deed, lit. (mental) purity

Compassionate in mind to all living beings, noble one makes abundant merit.

DN 11.2

imaṃ kho ahaṃ, kevaṭṭa, iddhipāṭihāriye ādīnavaṃ sampassamāno iddhipāṭihāriyena aṭṭīyāmi harāyāmi jigucchāmi

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
imaṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	this
kho	ind		indeed

ahaṃ, pron 1.nom.sg I

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
kevaṭṭa,	noun	masc.voc.sg	o fisherman!
iddhipāṭihāriye	noun	nt.loc.sg	in miracle of psychic power
ādīnavaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	danger (in), disadvantage (of), risk (of)
sampassamāno	pr.p	masc.nom.sg	seeing, considering
iddhipāṭihāriyena	noun	nt.ins.sg	with miracle of psychic power
aṭṭīyāmi	verb	pr.1.sg	I am troubled (by), repelled (by), perturbed
harāyāmi	verb	pr.1.sg	I am ashamed (of), humiliated (by), worried
jigucchāmi	verb	pr.1.sg	I detest, am disgusted (by), get sick (of)

O fisherman! Considering danger in miracle of psychic power, I am troubled, ashamed and disgusted with miracle of psychic power.

KN 14.322

duddubhāyati bhaddante, yasmiṃ dese vasāmahaṃ.
ahampetaṃ na jānāmi, kimetaṃ duddubhāyatīti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
duddubhāyati	v.omon	pr.3.sg	makes the sound dad-dad
bhaddante,	noun	masc.voc.sg	venerable, sir
yasmiṃ	pron	masc.loc.sg	in whatever
dese	noun	masc.loc.sg	in place, location, region, area
vasāmi-	verb	pr.1.sg	I live

ahaṃ. pron 1.nom.sg I

ahaṃ- pron 1.nom.sg I

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
api-	ind		but, yet
etaṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	this, it
na	ind		not
jānāmi,	verb	pr.1.sg	I know
kim	pron	masc.acc.sg	what, how
etaṃ	pron	nt.nom.sg	that, it
duddubhāyatīti.	v.omon	pr.3.sg	makes the sound dad-dad

Venerable, in whatever place I live, it makes the sound dad-dad. Yet I do not now: What makes that sound dad-dad?

SN 4.23

tena kho pana samayena dhūmāyitattaṃ timirāyitattaṃ gacchateva purimaṃ disaṃ, gacchati pacchimaṃ disaṃ

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tena kho pana samayena	idiom		now at that time, now on that occasion
dhūmāyitattaṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	a cloud of smoke
timirāyitattaṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	a cloud of darkness
gacchati-	verb	pr.3.sg	goes, walks, moves, wanders around
eva	ind		only, just, so, even
purimaṃ	adj	fem.acc.sg	eastern
disaṃ,	noun	fem.acc.sg	direction, cardinal point
gacchati	verb	pr.3.sg	goes, walks, moves, wanders around
pacchimaṃ	adj	fem.acc.sg	west, western
disaṃ	noun	fem.acc.sg	direction, cardinal point

Now at that time a cloud of smoke, a cloud of darkness, moves to the eastern direction and it moves to the western direction.

KN-a Ja 1, 278

atheko lolamakkaṭo rukkhā otaritvā tassa piṭṭhiṃ abhiruhitvā ... naṅguṭṭhe gahetvā dolāyantova kīḷi.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
atha-	ind		then, also, and so, after that
eko	adj	masc.nom.sg	one
lola-	adj		restless, hyperactive, agitated
makkaṭo	noun	masc.nom.sg	monkey, ape
rukkhā	noun	masc.abl.sg	from tree
otaritvā	verb	abs	having descended, having gone down
tassa	pron	masc.dat.sg	of that, his
piṭṭhiṃ	noun	fem.acc.sg	back, lit. what stands prominently
abhiruhitvā	verb	abs	having climbed on top (of), having ascended, having mounted
naṅguṭṭhe	noun	nt.loc.sg	in tail
gahetvā	verb	abs	having grabbed hold (of), having seized, having taken
dolāyanto-	pr.p	masc.nom.sg	swinging back and forth
va
kīḷi.	verb	aor.3.sg	played, had fun

Then one hyperactive monkey descended from a tree, climbed on top of his back, … , having taken (his) tail and swinging back and forth, (monkey) had fun.

KN-a Dh.p.,2.17.7

eso vātāhata-tālapaṇṇaṃ viya taṭa-taṭāyati, imassa kathā-pariyanto-yeva natthīti nindanti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
eso	pron	masc.nom.sg	this
vāta-	noun		wind, air, breeze
āhata-	adj		struck, beaten, stamped
tālapaṇṇaṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	palm leaf
viya	ind		like, as
taṭataṭāyati,	v.deno,omon	pr.3.sg	makes a racket, makes a ratatatat sound
imassa	pron	masc.gen.sg	of this
kathā-	noun		talk, speech, conversation
pariyanto-	noun		end, limit
yeva	ind		just, only, even, even so, yet, also
natthīti	verb	pr.3.sg	is not, it is not, there is not, there is no
nindanti.	verb	pr.3.pl	they blame, criticiz, find fault

“Just as this palm leaf, beaten by the wind, makes a ratatatat sound, there is no end to this speech”, they blame.

KN-a Dh.p.,2.5.9

guṇavantānañhi guṇaṃ buddhā eva pākaṭaṃ kātuṃ sakkonti, avasesajano guṇavantānaṃ guṇaṃ kathento maccharāyati.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
guṇavantānaṃ	adj	masc.gen.pl	of virtuous people
hi	ind		indeed
guṇaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	quality, virtue, characteristic
buddhā	noun	masc.nom.pl	Buddhas
eva	ind		only, just, so, even
pākaṭaṃ	adj	masc.nom.sg	famous, well known, widespread
kātuṃ	verb	inf	to do, to make
sakkonti	verb	pr.3.pl	they are able (to)
avasesa-	noun		remaining, rest
jano	noun	masc.nom.sg	men, people, population
guṇavantānaṃ	adj	masc.gen.pl	of virtuous people
guṇaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	quality, virtue, characteristic
kathento	pr.p	masc.nom.sg	speaking, telling (of), relating
maccharāyati.	v.deno	pr.3.sg	becomes envious, is jealous

Only Bhuddhas are able to make well known the quality of virtuous people, the rest population become envious, speaking about quality of virtuous people.

Abhi Vibh, 13.1.2

seyyathāpi nāma ekaṃ puggalaṃ duggataṃ durūpetaṃ disvā karuṇāyeyya, evameva sabbe satte karuṇāya pharati.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
seyyathāpi	ind		just like, as if, imagine if
nāma	ind		certainly, truly, for sure
ekaṃ	adj	masc.acc.sg	one, sertan
puggalaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	person
duggataṃ	adj	masc.acc.sg	faring badly, poor, miserable, suffering, unfortunate
durūpetaṃ	adj	masc.acc.sg	poor, unfortunate, lit. bad condition
disvā	verb	abs	having seen, having understood, having found
karuṇāyeyya,	v, deno	opt.3.sg	could feel sorry (for), feel compassion, have kindness (for)
evameva	ind		similarly, in the same way, so too, just so
sabbe	adj	masc.acc.pl	all
satte	noun	masc.acc.pl	living beings
karuṇāya	noun	fem.ins.sg	with compassion, sympathy, kindness
pharati.	verb	pr.3.sg	spreads, pervades, suffuses, fills

Just like having seen a person, truly miserable and unfortunate, one may feel compassion (to him), in the same way one spreads compassion to all living beings.

KN-a Dh.p.1.5.3

bālo putta-taṇhāya ceva dhana-taṇhāya ca haññati vihaññati dukkhayati

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
bālo	noun	masc.nom.sg	fool, immature person
putta-	noun		son, child
taṇhāya	noun	fem.ins.sg	attachment
ceva	ind		and even
dhana-	noun		wealth, riches, treasure
taṇhāya	noun	fem.ins.sg	attachment
ca	ind		and
haññati	verb	pr.3.sg	is struck, is stabbed, is beaten, is affected by
vihaññati	verb	pr.3.sg	is troubled (by), is afflicted (by), lit. is beaten
dukkhayati	verb	pr.3.sg	suffers pain, suffers anguish

Fool is affected, is troubled and suffers pain from attachments to children and wealth.

KN-a Dh.p.,1.4.10

so gehā nikkhamitvā ... “akkhīni me dhūmāyantī”ti vatvā nalāṭe hatthaṃ ṭhapetvā uddhaṃ oloketvā “aho dukkhaṃ, ayyo no mahā-kassapatthero cirassaṃ me kuṭidvāraṃ āgato, atthi nu kho kiñci gehe”ti āha.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
so	pron	masc.nom.sg	that, he
gehā	noun	masc.abl.sg	from house, dwelling
nikkhamitvā	verb	abs	having gone out (from), having exited, having left
“akkhīni	noun	nt.nom.pl	eyes

me pron 1.gen.sg my

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
dhūmāyantī”ti	verb	pr.3.pl	they are smoking, are cloudy, are misty
vatvā	verb	abs	having said
nalāṭe	noun	masc.loc.sg	in forehead
hatthaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	hand
ṭhapetvā	verb	abs	having placed, having put
uddhaṃ	ind		above, up, on top
oloketvā	verb	abs	having looked, having observed,
“aho	ind		oh! oh dear!
dukkhaṃ,	ind		badly, with difficulty, uncomfortably
ayyo	noun	masc.nom.sg	venerable, sir, master

no pron 1.gen.pl our

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
mahā-kassapatthero	noun	masc.nom.sg	elder Maha Kassapa
cirassaṃ	ind		at last, a long time since, after a long time

me pron 1.gen.sg my

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
kuṭidvāraṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	huts entrance, huts gateway
āgato	pp	masc.nom.sg	has come, arrived
atthi	verb	pr.3.sg	there is
nu kho	ind		does? is? would?
kiñci	pron	masc.acc.sg	some, something, anything
gehe”ti	noun	nt.loc.sg	house, dwelling
āha.	verb	perf.3.sg	had said

Having left the house, he said: “My eyes are misty!”. Placing hand on the forehead and looking up, he said: “Oh, dukkha! Our venerable elder Maha Kassapa at last has come to my huts entrance. Is there something (to offer) in the house?”

KN-a Ja 542

“tattheva vasanto paṇḍitaṃ vīmaṃsatū””ti amaccassa dūtaṃ paṭipesesi. taṃ sutvā amacco tattheva vasanto paṇḍitaṃ vīmaṃsi.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
“tattheva	ind		right there, in that place, on the spot
vasanto	pr.p	masc.nom.sg	living, staying
paṇḍitaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	sage, intelligent person, wise man
vīmaṃsatū””ti	verb	imp.3.sg	investigate, examine, test
amaccassa	noun	masc.dat.sg	to councillor, consul, advisor
dūtaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	messenger
paṭipesesi.	verb	aor.3.sg	sent back
taṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	that
sutvā	verb	abs	having heard, having listened
amacco	noun	masc.nom.sg	councillor, consul, advisor
tattheva	ind		right there, in that place, on the spot
vasanto	pr.p	masc.nom.sg	living, staying
paṇḍitaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	sage, intelligent person, wise man
vīmaṃsi.	verb	aor.3.sg	investigated, examined, tested

“Staying there he should examine a sage.” - he sent back a messenger to the consul. Having heard that (message) consul staying there tested the sage.

Class 43¶

DN 5.10

tasmiṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, yaññe neva gāvo haññiṃsu, na ajeḷakā haññiṃsu, … , na rukkhā chijjiṃsu yūpatthāya, na dabbhā lūyiṃsu barihisatthāya.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tasmiṃ	pron	masc.loc.sg	in that
kho,	ind		indeed, surely, certainly, truly
brāhmaṇa,	noun	masc.voc.sg	o Brahman
yaññe	noun	masc.loc.sg	in sacrifice, offering
neva	ind		neither, not
gāvo	noun	masc.nom.pl	cattle
haññiṃsu,	v.pass	aor.3.pl	they were killed, were destroyed
na	ind		nor
ajeḷakā	noun	masc.nom.pl	goats and sheep
haññiṃsu,	v.pass	aor.3.pl	they were killed, were destroyed
na	ind		nor
rukkhā	noun	masc.nom.pl	trees
chijjiṃsu	v.pass	aor.3.pl	were cut, were cut down
yūpa-	noun		sacrificial post
atthāya	adj	masc.dat.sg	for the purpose of living (on), living (in), standing (on), situated (on)
na	ind		nor
dabbhā	noun	masc.nom.pl	kusa grass
lūyiṃsu	v.pass	aor.3.pl	were cut, were reaped
barihisa-	noun		sacrificial grass
atthāya	adj	masc.dat.sg	for the purpose of living (on), living (in), standing (on), situated (on)

In that sacrifice, o Brahmin, neither cattle were killed, nor goats and sheep were killed, nor trees were cut for the purpose of sacrificial post, nor kusa-grass were cut for the purpose of sacrificial grass.

APA 3 sāriputta therāpadānaṃ

tathevime catubbaṇṇā, pabbajitvā tavantike. jahanti purimaṃ nāmaṃ, buddhaputtāti ñāyare.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tatheva-	ind		likewise, in the same way, lit. just like this
ime	pron	masc.nom.pl	these
catubbaṇṇā,	noun	masc.nom.pl	people from four castes, four social classes
pabbajitvā	verb	abs	having ordained, having renounced the household life
tāva-	ind		that much, as long as, to that extent; until, at least
antike.	adj	masc.loc.sg	around, near, at the time of
jahanti	verb	pr.3.pl	give up, leave, abandon, renounce
purimaṃ	adj	nt.acc.sg	earlier, past, former, previous
nāmaṃ,	noun	nt.acc.sg	name
buddhaputtāti	noun	masc.nom.pl	sons of the Buddha, children of the Buddha
ñāyare.	v.pass	pr.refl.3.pl	they are known as

Indeed these people from four social classes, having renounced the household life, at that time they renounce previous names, and they are known as sons of the Buddha

APA 3

ye keci gaṇino loke, satthāroti pavuccare.
paramparāgataṃ dhammaṃ, desenti parisāya te.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
ye	pron	masc.nom.pl	whatever
keci	pron	masc.nom.pl	some
gaṇino	noun	masc.nom.pl	those who have a following.
loke,	noun	masc.loc.sg	in the world
satthāroti	noun	masc.nom.pl	teacher
pavuccare.	v.pass	pr.refl.3.pl	they are called themself, can be called
paramparā-	noun		linage, lit. next to the next
gataṃ	pp	masc.acc.sg	gone, went
dhammaṃ,	noun	masc.acc.sg	Dhamma, Teaching
desenti	verb	pr.3.pl	they preach, teach, explain
parisāya	noun	fem.dat.sg	to assembly, meeting, forum, gathering
te.	pron	masc.nom.pl	those, they

Those who have followers in the world are called Teachers, they preach to assembly the teaching, what was handed down by linage.

SN 1.62

cittena nīyati loko, cittena parikassati
cittassa ekadhammassa, sabbeva vasamanvagūti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
cittena	noun	masc.ins.sg	by mind
nīyati	v.pass	pr.3.sg	is led (by), is led astray (by), is led about
loko,	noun	m.n.sg	world
cittena	noun	masc.ins.sg	by mind
parikassati	v.pass	pr.3.sg	is dragged about (by), is afflicted (by), is harassed (by)

The world is led by mind, by mind it is dragged around.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
cittassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of mind
ekadhammassa,	noun	masc.gen.sg	one single thing
sabbeva	pron	masc.nom.pl	all just
vasaṃ-	noun	masc.acc.sg	control, authority, power, mastery
anvagūti.	verb	imperf.3.pl	they followed, went near

Everything went under the control of one single thing – the mind.

SN 3.9

ajeḷakā ca gāvo ca, vividhā yattha haññare.
na taṃ sammaggatā yaññaṃ, upayanti mahesino.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
ajeḷakā	noun	masc.nom.pl	goats and sheep
ca	ind		and
gāvo	noun	masc.nom.pl	cattle
ca,	ind		and
vividhā	adj	masc.nom.pl	various kinds of
yattha	ind		wherever, where
haññare.	v.pass	pr.refl.3.pl	they are hurt, are killed, are destroyed
na	ind		not
taṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	that
sammaggatā	adj	masc.nom.pl	correctly gone, going the right way, perfected
yaññaṃ,	noun	masc.acc.sg	sacrifice, offering
upayanti	verb	pr.3.pl	they attend, go (to), go near, approache
mahesino.	noun	masc.nom.pl	great sages

Where various kinds of goats, sheep and cattle are destroyed, that sacrifice does not attend great sages, who perfected properly.

SN 1.41

ādittasmiṃ agārasmiṃ, yaṃ nīharati bhājanaṃ.
taṃ tassa hoti atthāya, no ca yaṃ tattha ḍayhati.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
ādittasmiṃ	adj	masc.loc.sg	when blazing, burning, on fire
agārasmiṃ,	noun	masc.loc.sg	when dwelling, building, house, hut
yaṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	whatever
nīharati	verb	pr.3.sg	removes, extracts, takes out, salvages
bhājanaṃ.	noun	nt.acc.sg	bowl, vessel
taṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	that
tassa	pron	masc.dat.sg	to him
hoti	verb	pr.3.sg	is
atthāya,	noun	masc.dat.sg	for the purpose (of), for the sake (of), for the good (of)
no	ind		not
ca	ind		and, but
yaṃ	pron	nt.nom.sg	whatever
tattha	ind		there, in that place
ḍayhati.	v.pass	pr.3.sg	is burned, is scorched

When the house is burning, one takes out that vessel, which is useful for him, but not that is burned there.

SN 7.14

assova jiṇṇo nibbhogo, khādanā apanīyati.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
assova	noun	masc.nom.sg	like a horse
jiṇṇo	adj	masc.nom.sg	aged, old, ancient
nibbhogo,	adj	masc.nom.sg	poor, useless
khādanā	noun	nt.abl.sg	from food, eating
apanīyati.	v.pass	pr.3.sg	is led away (from), is taken away (from)

Like a useless and old horse is led away from food.

SN 2.23

tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, catūsu dvāresu dānaṃ dīyittha. ... atha kho maṃ itthāgāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca — devassa kho dānaṃ dīyati; amhākaṃ dānaṃ na dīyati.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tassa	pron	masc.gen.sg	of this

mayhaṃ, pron 1.gen.sg my, mine

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
bhante,	verb	masc.voc.sg	sir, lord, reverend
catūsu	card	masc.loc.pl	in four, among four
dvāresu	noun	masc.loc.pl	in doors, entrances, gates, gateways
dānaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	alms, gift, giving, offering, charity
dīyittha	v.pass	imperf.refl.3.sg	was given, was offered
atha kho	ind		then, and then, after that

maṃ pron 1.acc.sg me

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
itthāgāraṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	harem women
upasaṅkamitvā	verb	abs	having approached, having gone (to), having drawn near (to)
etadavoca —	verb	aor.3.sg	he said this
devassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of king
kho	ind		indeed
dānaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	alms, gift, giving, offering, charity
dīyati;	v.pass	pr.3.sg	is given, is offered

amhākaṃ pron 1.gen.pl our, of us

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
dānaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	alms, gift, giving, offering, charity
na	ind		not
dīyati.	v.pass	pr.3.sg	is given, is offered

My charity was given at the four gates, … , Then, venerable, the harem women approached me and said: Indeed charity of the king is given. Our charity is not given.

DN 4.5

vihaññati kho ayaṃ soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo sakena cittena. yaṃnūnāhaṃ soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṃ puccheyyanti

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
vihaññati	v.pass	pr.3.sg	is troubled (by), is worried (about), is afflicted (by), lit. is beaten
kho	ind		indeed, surely, certainly, truly
ayaṃ	pron	masc.nom.sg	this, this person, this thing
soṇadaṇḍo	noun	masc.nom.sg	Soṇadaṇḍa
brāhmaṇo	noun	masc.nom.sg	Brahman, priest, man of the Brahman caste
sakena	adj	nt.ins.sg	with ones own, my own
cittena.	noun	nt.ins.sg	with mind, heart
yaṃnūnāhaṃ	ind		what if I were to
soṇadaṇḍaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	Soṇadaṇḍa
brāhmaṇaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	Brahman, priest, man of the Brahman
sake	adj	masc.loc.sg	in ones own, my own
ācariyake	noun	masc.loc.sg	in teaching
tevijjake	noun	masc.loc.sg	in knower of the 3 Vedas
pañhaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	question, enquiry
puccheyyanti.	verb	opt.3.pl	they could ask, enquire, would question

This Brahman Soṇadaṇḍa is troubled by his mind. What if I were to ask Brahman Soṇadaṇḍa about his teaching of the 3 Vedas?

DN 11.5

yathā nimittā dissanti, āloko sañjāyati, obhāso pātubhavati, brahmā pātubhavissati

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
yathā	ind		just as, even as, in whatever way
nimittā	noun	masc.nom.pl	signs, symbols, images, mental image or sign, omen, portent
dissanti,	v.pass	pr.3.pl	are seen
āloko	noun	masc.nom.sg	light, brightness, clarity
sañjāyati,	v.pass	pr.3.sg	appears, arises, is born, is produced
obhāso	noun	masc.nom.sg	light, radiance, aura, beams of light
pātubhavati,	verb	pr.3.sg	appears in front, manifests, becomes evident
brahmā	noun	masc.nom.sg	God, creator god
pātubhavissati,	verb	fut.3.sg	will appear in front, manifest, become evident

Just as signs are seen, light arises, radiance manifests, the Brahma will appear in front.

Dhp 127 pāpavaggo

na antalikkhe na samuddamajjhe, na pabbatānaṃ vivaraṃ pavissa.
na vijjatī so jagatippadeso, yattha-ṭṭhito mucceyya pāpakammā.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
na	ind		not
antalikkhe	noun	masc.loc.sg	in the sky, in the air
na	ind		not
samuddamajjhe,	noun	masc.loc.sg	in the middle of the ocean
na	ind		not
pabbatānaṃ	noun	masc.gen.sg	mountain, hill
vivaraṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	crack, crevice, cleft, hole
pavissa.	verb	ger	entering, going (into)

Not in the air, not in the middle of the ocean, not entering the hole in the mountains.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
na	ind		not
vijjatī	verb	pr.3.sg	exists (in), is found (in), is present (in)
so	pron	masc.nom.sg	he, that
jagati-ppadeso,	noun	masc.nom.sg	place on earth, place in the world
yattha-	ind		wherever, where
ṭhito	pp	masc.nom.sg	remained, stayed, was
mucceyya	verb	opt.3.sg	could be free, would be released
pāpakammā.	noun	masc.abl.sg	from bad deed, crime, evil action, wrongdoing, misconduct

There is no place in the world, where one can be free from (the consequences of) evil deeds.

MN 5.1

tamenaṃ jano disvā evaṃ vadeyya — ambho, kimevidaṃ harīyati jañña-jaññaṃ viyāti?

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tamenaṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	that one, him, her, that
jano	noun	masc.nom.sg	man, person, fellow
disvā	verb	abs	having seen, having understood, having found
evaṃ	ind		thus, this, like this, just as, such
vadeyya —	verb	opt.3.sg	could speak, say
ambho,	ind		hey! yo!
kiṃ-	pron	nt.nom.sg	what
eva-	ind		only, just, so, even
idaṃ	pron	nt.nom.sg	this
harīyati	v.pass	pr.3.sg	is carried, is being carried around
jañña-	adj		lovely, precious, lit. well born
jaññaṃ	adj	nt.nom.sg	lovely, precious, lit. well born
viyāti?	ind		like, as

Having seen that, the man could say thus: Hey! What is this carried like a lovely thing?

AN 4.25

nayidaṃ, bhikkhave, brahmacariyaṃ vussati janakuhanatthaṃ, na janalapanatthaṃ, na lābhasakkārasilokānisaṃsatthaṃ, na itivādappamokkhānisaṃsatthaṃ, na iti maṃ jano jānātūti. atha kho idaṃ, bhikkhave, brahmacariyaṃ vussati saṃvaratthaṃ pahānatthaṃ virāgatthaṃ nirodhatthanti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
na-y-idaṃ,	pron	nt.nom.sg	not this
bhikkhave,	verb	masc.voc.pl	o monks
brahmacariyaṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	spiritual path, holy life, celibacy
vussati	v.pass	pr.3.sg	is lived
jana-	noun		men, people, population
kuhana-	noun		cheating; deceiving; misleading; creating a false impression
atthaṃ	ind	adv	for the sake of; for the purpose of
na	ind		not
jana-	noun		men, people, population
lapana-	noun		buttering up; wheedling; cajoling; sweet talking; flattering
atthaṃ	ind	adv	for the sake of; for the purpose of
na	ind		not
lābhasakkāra-	noun		gain and honour, acquisitions and esteem
siloka-	noun		fame, popularity
ānisaṃsa-	noun		profit, benefit, advantage, good result
atthaṃ	ind	adv	for the sake of; for the purpose of
na	ind		not
iti-	ind		thus, this is, and so
vāda-	noun		debate, argument, disputation
pamokkha-	noun		letting loose, launching, discharging
ānisaṃsa-	noun		profit, benefit, advantage, good result
atthaṃ	ind	adv	for the sake of; for the purpose of
na	ind		not
iti	ind		thus, this is, and so

maṃ pron 1.acc.sg me

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
jano	noun		men, people, population
jānātūti.	verb	imp.3.sg	may know, let know

O monks, this holy life is not lived for the purpose of deception of the people, not for the purpose of cajoling of the people, not for the benefit of gain, honour and fame and profit, not for the benefit of discharging thus in debates, not (for the idea): Let people know me thus.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
atha	ind		but, rather, even
kho	ind		indeed
idaṃ,	pron	nt.nom.sg	this
brahmacariyaṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	spiritual path, holy life, celibacy
vussati	v.pass	pr.3.sg	is lived
saṃvara-	noun		control, restraint
atthaṃ	ind	adv	for the sake of; for the purpose of
pahāna-	noun		giving up, letting go, abandoning
atthaṃ	ind	adv	for the sake of; for the purpose of
virāga-	noun	fading of desire, dispassion,	detachment, indifference
atthaṃ	ind	adv	for the sake of; for the purpose of
nirodha-	noun		ending, termination, cessation, finishing
atthanti.	ind	adv	for the sake of; for the purpose of

But this holy life is lived for the purpose of restraint, letting go, dispassion and cessation.

SNP 37

anekasākhañca sahassa-maṇḍalaṃ, chattaṃ marū dhārayumantalikkhe.
suvaṇṇa-daṇḍā vītipatanti cāmarā, na dissare cāmara-chatta-gāhakā.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
anekasākhaṃ-	adj	nt.acc.sg	with many spokes; having many ribs (of a sunshade)
ca	ind		and
sahassa-	adj		one thousand (1000)
maṇḍalaṃ,	noun	nt.acc.sg	circle, disk, ring
chattaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	sunshade, parasol (symbol of prestige)
marū	noun	fem.nom.pl	gods, deities
dhārayuṃ-	verb	aor.3.pl	held, kept, carried
antalikkhe.	ind		in the sky, in the air
suvaṇṇa-	adj		golden
daṇḍā	adj	masc.nom.pl	with a stick; having a handle
vītipatanti	verb	pr.3.pl	fly up and down
cāmarā,	noun	masc.nom.pl	yaks tail used as a whisk (symbol of prestige)
na	ind		not
dissare	v.pass	pr.refl.3.pl	are seen
cāmara-	noun		yaks tail used as a whisk (symbol of prestige)
chatta-	noun		sunshade, parasol (symbol of prestige)
gāhakā.	noun	masc.nom.pl	carrier, bearer, holder

Deities held in the sky the parasol with many ribs and with one thousand rings, yaks tails with golden handles fly up and down, but yaks tails, parasols and holders are not seen.

KN-a Dh.p.,1,1,1

cakkhūni nassantu vā bhijjantu vā, buddhasāsanameva dhārehi, mā cakkhūnī”ti

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
cakkhūni	noun	nt.nom.pl	eyes
nassantu	verb	imp.3.pl	may be perished, should end, get lost, must be destroyed
vā	ind		or
bhijjantu	verb	Imp.3.pl	may be broken, must be destroyed
vā,	ind		or
buddhasāsanam-	noun	nt.acc.sg	Buddhas teaching, Buddhas message
eva	ind		only, just, so, even
dhārehi,	verb	imp.3.sg	may bear in mind, must keep in mind, remember
mā	ind		do not, may one not, dont let
cakkhūnī”ti	noun	nt.acc.pl	eyes

Eyes may be perished or may be broken, but one must keep in mind the Buddhas teaching, not the eyes.

KN-a Dh.p.,1,1,1

athassa majjhimayāme atikkante apubbaṃ acarimaṃ akkhīni ceva kilesā ca bhijjiṃsu.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
athassa	pp	masc.gen.sg	then his, as his
majjhimayāme	noun	masc.loc.sg	when middle part (of the night)
atikkante	pp	masc.loc.sg	when gone past, passed by
apubbaṃ	ind		not before
acarimaṃ	ind		not later
akkhīni	noun	nt.nom.pl	eyes
ceva	ind		and even, as well as
kilesā	noun	masc.nom.pl	defilements, impurities
ca	ind		and
bhijjiṃsu.	c	aor.3.pl	they were broken, were destroyed

When the middle part of the night gone past, (his) eyes and defilements were simultaneously destroyed.

KN-a Ja 466

“manussasaddo viya suyyati, jānissāma nan”ti saddānusārena gantvā taṃ purisaṃ disvā “yakkho bhavissatī”ti bhītatasitā sare sannayhiṃsu.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
“manussa-	noun		human being, man, person
saddo	noun	masc.nom.sg	sound, noise
viya	ind		like, as
suyyati,	v.pass	pr.3.sg	is heard
jānissāma	verb	fut.1.pl	we will know, find
nan”ti	pron	masc.acc.sg	that, him
sadda-	noun	masc.nom.sg	sound, noise
anusārena	ind	adv	following after
gantvā	verb	abs	having gone (to), having travelled (to)
taṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	that
purisaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	man, person
disvā	verb	abs	having seen, having understood, having found
yakkho	noun	masc.nom.sg	spirit, demon
bhavissatī”ti	verb	fut.3.sg	will be, should be, must be
bhīta-	pp		afraid (of), in danger (of)
tasitā	pp	masc.nom.pl	trembled, frightened, fearful
sare	noun	masc.acc.pl	arrows
sannayhiṃsu.	verb	aor.3.pl	they readied, armed

Human sound is heared. We will find that. Following after the sound they saw that person. “He must be a demon!” - afraid and trembled, they armed (bows and) arrows.

VISM 2.19 paccayapariggaha kathā

diṭṭhi-bandhana-baddhā te, taṇhāsotena vuyhare, taṇhāsotena vuyhantā, na te dukkhā pamuccare.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
diṭṭhi-	noun	view, belief, opinion, concept, theory,	opinion, attitude
bandhana-	noun		tie, bond, fetter
baddhā	pp	masc.nom.pl	bound, tied, fastened, chained, trapped
te,	pron	masc.nom.pl	they, those
taṇhāsotena	noun	masc.ins.sg	by current of craving, stream of desire
vuyhare,	v.pass	pr.refl.3.pl	are carried away, are swept away
taṇhāsotena	noun	masc.ins.sg	by current of craving, stream of desire
vuyhantā,	pr.p	masc.nom.pl	being carried away, being swept away
na	ind		not
te	pron	masc.nom.pl	they
dukkhā	noun	nt.abl.sg	from discomfort, suffering, pain, unease, something unsatisfactory, problem, trouble
pamuccare.	v.pass	pr.refl.3.pl	are freed (from), are liberated (from)

Those who bound by fetter of view, are carried away by stream of craving. Being carried away by stream of craving, they are not liberated from suffering.

Class 44¶

enlargement of object
extension of predicate

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
subject
predicate
object

enlargement of subject

DN 16.26

ajja kho, panānanda, rattiyā pacchime yāme kusinārāyaṃ upavattane mallānaṃ sālavane antarena yamaka-sālānaṃ tathāgatassa parinibbānaṃ bhavissati.
simple sentence
ajja kho – adverbal phrases of time
rattiyā pacchime yāme– adverbal phrases of time
kusinārāyaṃ upavattane mallānaṃ sālavane antarena yamaka-sālānaṃ – adv phrases of place

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
ajja	ind	adv of time	today, now
kho,	ind	adv of sertainty	indeed, surely, certainly, truly
pana-	ind		moreover, and now, but
ānanda,	noun	masc.voc.sg	o Ānanda
rattiyā	noun	fem.gen.sg	of the night
pacchime	adj	masc.loc.sg	in last, final
yāme	noun	masc.loc.sg	in the watch (of the night)
kusinārāyaṃ	noun	fem.loc.sg	in Kusinara
upavattane	adj	masc.loc.sg	near to
mallānaṃ	noun	masc.gen.pl	of the Mallas
sālavane	noun	nt.loc.sg	in Sal wood, Sal grove
antarena	ind	adv of place	in between
yamakasālānaṃ	noun	masc.gen.pl	of two Sal trees
tathāgatassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of Such Become
parinibbānaṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	completely gone out (of a fire)
bhavissati.	verb	fut.3.sg	could be, should be, lit. will be

Ānanda, today in the last watch of the night, near to Kusinara, in the Upavatta of Mallas in Sal grove, between two Sal trees, should be the completely gone out of the Such Become One.

SN 22.63 upādiyamānasutta

evaṃ me sutaṃ — ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.
complex sentences with 2 simple senteses
ekaṃ samayaṃ – adv phrse of time
tatra kho bhagavā pañcavaggiye bhikkhū āmantesi — bhikkhavoti. bhadanteti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. bhagavā etad-avoca.
complex sentences with 3 simple senteses
bhikkhavoti – adv phrase of reason and consequence
bhadanteti – adv phrase of reason and consequence

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
evaṃ-	ind		thus; in this way
me	pron	masc.ins.sg	by me
sutaṃ:	pp	masc.acc.sg	heard
ekaṃ	adj	masc.acc.sg	one
samayaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	time; occasion
bhagavā,	noun	masc.nom.sg	fortunate one, the buddha
sāvatthiyaṃ	noun	fem.loc.sg	in sāvatthi
viharati,	verb	pr.3.sg	stays, abides, dwells, lives
jeta-vane	noun	masc.loc.sg	in jetavana (jetss grove)
anāthapiṇḍikassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of anāthapindika
ārāme.	noun	masc.loc.sg	in park

thus was heard by me: on one occasion the fortunate one staying in sāvatthi in jetss grove in anāthapindikas park.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tatra	ind	adv of place	there, in that place
kho	ind		adv of sertainty
bhagavā	noun	masc.nom.sg	Sublime One, Blessed One, Fortunate One, Buddha
pañca-	adj		five (5)
vaggiye	adj	masc.acc.pl	part of a group, belonging to a collection
bhikkhū	noun	masc.acc.pl	monks, mendicants, lit. beggars
āmantesi	verb	aor.3.sg	addressed, said (to)
bhikkhavoti.	noun	masc.voc.pl	o monks
bhadanteti	noun	masc.voc.sg	o venerable, reverend
te	pron	masc.nom.pl	they, those
bhikkhū	noun	masc.nom.pl	monks, mendicants, lit. beggars
bhagavato	noun	masc.dat.sg	to the Buddha, for the Buddha
paccassosuṃ.	verb	aor.3.pl	they replied, assented, agreed
bhagavā	noun	masc.nom.sg	Sublime One, Blessed One, Fortunate One, Buddha
etad-avoca	verb	aor.3.sg	said this

There the Blessed One addressed group of five monks: O monks!; O Venerable! those monks replied to the Blessed One. The Blessed One said this.

DN 2.2

atha kho rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto ... ārohaṇīyaṃ nāgaṃ abhiruhitvā ukkāsu dhāriyamānāsu rājagahamhā niyyāsi
complex sentences with 2 simple senteses
ukkāsu dhāriyamānāsu – adv phrase of manner

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
atha kho	ind	adv of time	and then
rājā	noun	masc.nom.sg	king
māgadho	noun	masc.nom.sg	Kingdom of Magadha
ajātasattu	noun	masc.nom.sg	Ajātasattu
vedehiputto	noun	masc.nom.sg	son of the wise woman Vedehiputta
ārohaṇīyaṃ	ptp	masc.acc.sg	fit to be mounted
nāgaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	elephant
abhiruhitvā	verb	abs	having climbed on top (of), having ascended, having mounted
ukkāsu	noun	fem.loc.pl	while torchs, firebrands
dhāriyamānāsu	prp	fem.loc.pl	while being carried
rājagahamhā	noun	masc.abl.sg	from Rājagaha
niyyāsi	verb	aor.3.sg	left, went out (from), exited

And then king of Magadha Ajātasattu Vedehiputta, …, having mounted a suitable elephant, left from Rājagaha while torchs were carried.

API 17

na hevaṃ vandiyā buddhā, yathā vandasi gotamī.
kathaṃ carahi sabbaññū, vanditabbā tathāgatā.
complex sentences with 2 simple senteses
yathā vandasi gotamī – adv phrase of manner
āraddhavīriye pahitatte, niccaṃ daḷhaparakkame.
samagge sāvake passa, etaṃ buddhāna-vandanaṃ.
when with energy aroused with state of resolute intention, when continuously with persistent effort, when harmonious, when seeing disciples, this is the worship of the Buddha.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
na	ind		not
hevaṃ	ind	adv of manner	indeed thus
vandiyā	ptp	masc.nom.pl	should be honoured
buddhā,	noun	masc.nom.pl	Buddhas, Awakened Ones
yathā	ind		like, as, according to, on account of
vandasi	verb	pr.2.sg	you pay respect, honour
gotamī.	noun	fem.voc.sg	Gotamī
kathaṃ	ind	adv of manner	how? why?
carahi	ind	adv of time	then, therefore, now
sabbaññū,	adj	masc.nom.pl	Omniscient, all knowing, complete understanding
vanditabbā	ptp	masc.nom.pl	should be respected, should be honoured
tathāgatā.	noun	masc.nom.pl	Such Become, Realised, being in such a state

Not like this the Buddhas should be honoured, like you honour, Gotamī.
Then how Omniscients Such Becomes should be honoured?

KN 2.18 malavaggo Dhp 239

anupubbena medhāvī, thokaṃ thokaṃ khaṇe khaṇe.
kammāro rajatasseva, niddhame malamattano.
complex sentence with kammāro rajatasseva as subordinate

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
anupubbena	ind	adv of manner	gradually, step-by-step, successively, stage-by-stage
medhāvī,	noun	masc.nom.sg	intelligent man, wise man, lit. who has wisdom
thokaṃ thokaṃ	idiom	adv of manner	little by little, bit by bit, piece by piece
khaṇe khaṇe	idiom	adv of manner	moment by moment, second by second
kammāro	noun	masc.nom.sg	smith, metal worker
rajatassa-	noun	nt.gen.sg	of silver
iva,	ind	adv of couse	like, as
niddhame	verb	opt.3.sg	could blow off, remove by blowing, purifie
malam-	noun	nt.acc.sg	dirt, impurity, stain, dross, filth, grime, tarnish, grunge, contaminant
attano.	adj	masc.gen.sg	of self, of oneself, ones own, my own

Wise man gradually, little by little, moment by moment, like a smith (deals) with silver, he should purifie ones own stains.

Dhp 85 :

appakā te manussesu – ye janā pāra-gāmino,
athāyaṃ itarā pajā – tīramevānudhāvati
compound of two simple sentence

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
appakā	adj	masc.nom.pl	few things, few people, small amount
te	pron	masc.nom.pl	they, those
manussesu	noun	masc.loc.pl	in (among) people
ye	pron	masc.nom.pl	those who
janā	noun	masc.nom.pl	the people
pāragāmino	noun	masc.nom.pl	who going beyond, cross over, to the other shore
atha-	ind	adv	then; and also, but
ayaṃ	pron	masc.nom.sg	this
itarā	pron	fem.nom.sg	rest of
pajā	noun	fem.nom.sg	people, population, generation, mnd
tīram-	noun	nt.acc.sg	shore, bank
eva-	ind	adv of sertainty	only, even, just
anudhāvati	verb	pr.3.sg	run along, run up and down, run back and forth

Few are those among people, who are going to the other shore, but there are another people just running along the shore.

TH 82

yena yena subhikkhāni, sivāni abhayāni ca.
tena puttaka gacchassu, mā sokāpahato bhavāti.
compound of two simple sentences
yena yena subhikkhāni, sivāni abhayāni ca. - adv phrase of place

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
yena yena	ind	adv of place	wherever, anywhere
subhikkhāni,	adj	nt.nom.pl	with abundance of food, lit. with easy begging
sivāni	adj	nt.nom.pl	safe, happy, blessed
abhayāni	adj	nt.nom.pl	safety, safe place, fearless
ca.	ind		and
tena	ind	adv of place	there
puttaka	noun	masc.voc.sg	child
gacchassu,	verb	imp.refl.2.sg	you go by yourself
mā	ind		may not be, do not
sokāpahato	adj	masc.nom.sg	overcome by grief
bhavāti.	verb	imp.2.sg	may you be

Where are abundance of food, safe and fearless, there you should go, child. May you not be overcome by sorrow!

JA 137

yattheko labhate babbu, dutiyo tattha jāyati.
simple sentence
yattheko labhate babbu – adv phrase of place

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
yattheko	ind	adv of place	wherever, right where
labhate	verb	pr.refl.3.sg	one oneself gets, one oneself obtains
babbu,	noun	masc.nom.sg	cat
dutiyo	noun	masc.nom.sg	second
tattha	ind	adv of place	there, in that place
jāyati.	verb	pr.3.sg	is appear

Wherever one cat gets (something) there second will appear.

TH 196

yadā balākā suci-paṇḍara-cchadā, kāḷassa meghassa bhayena tajjitā.
palehiti ālayamālayesinī, tadā nadī ajakaraṇī rameti maṃ.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
yadā	ind	adv of time	when, whenever
balākā	noun	fem.nom.sg	crane
suci-	adj		clean, pure
paṇḍara-	adj		pale, white
chadā,	adj	fem.nom.sg	with a covering; covered with
kāḷassa	adj	masc.gen.sg	of dark, black
meghassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of cloud, rain-cloud
bhayena	noun	nt.ins.sg	by danger (of), peril (of)
tajjitā.	pp	fem.nom.sg	frightened (by), startled (by), spurred on
palehiti	verb	fut.3.sg	will run away, will escape, will flee
ālayam-	noun		roost, perch, haven
ālayesinī,	noun	fem.nom.sg	who is seeking safety
tadā	ind	adv of time	then, at that time
nadī	noun	fem.nom.sg	river
ajakaraṇī	noun	fem.nom.sg	Ajakaraṇī
rameti	verb	pr.3.sg	gives delight, pleases, makes one happy

maṃ. pron 1.acc.sg me

When the crane with pure white covering, frightened by the danger of the dark rain-cloud, he will run away seeking safety on the roost, at that time river Ajakaraṇī gives delight to me.
compound of one simple sentences and one complex with first subordinate

JA 150

asantaṃ yo paggaṇhāti, asantaṃ cūpasevati.
tameva ghāsaṃ kurute, byaggho sañjīvako yathāti.
compound = complex sentences with first subordinate + simple sentence

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
asantaṃ	adj	masc.acc.sg	unvirtuous, wicked, bad
yo	pron	masc.nom.sg	whoever
paggaṇhāti,	verb	pr.3.sg	takes up, befriends, supports
asantaṃ	adj	masc.acc.sg	unvirtuous, wicked, bad
ca-	ind		and
upasevati.	verb	pr.3.sg	associates (with), keeps company (with)
tameva	pn+ind	m.ac.sg	that very, just him, only he,
ghāsaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	food, fodder
kurute,	verb	pr.refl.3.sg	one oneself does, one oneself makes
byaggho	noun	masc.nom.sg	tiger, panther
sañjīvako	noun	masc.nom.sg	reviver, rescuer
yathā	ind		just as, like

Whoever befriends to the unvirtuous and keeps company with unvirtuous, that person makes himself into fodder, like a rescuer for the tiger.

KN-a Ja 26

ajātasattu-kumāro devadattassa gayāsīse vihāraṃ kāretvā ... divase divase pañca thālipāka-satāni abhihari.
compound of two simple sentences.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
ajātasattu-kumāro	noun	masc.nom.sg	prince Ajātasattu
devadattassa	noun	masc.dat.sg	for Devadatta
gayāsīse	noun	masc.loc.sg	in Gayāsīsa
vihāraṃ	noun	masc.nom.sg	monastery
kāretvā	verb	abs	having caused to do, had build or construct.
divase divase	ind	adv of time	every day, day after day
pañca	adj	-.acc.pl	five
thālipāka-	noun		bowl of cooked (food)
satāni	adj	nt.acc.pl	hundred
abhihari.	verb	aor.3.sg	brought, offered, served

Prince Ajātasattu had build the monastery for Devadatta in Gayāsīsa. He offered five hundred bowls of cooked (food) every day.

KN-a Ja 50

“na, bhikkhave, tathāgato idāneva lokassa atthaṃ carati, pubbepi cari-yevā”ti
Complex sentences with first part subordinate.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
“na,	ind		not
bhikkhave,	verb	masc.voc.pl	o monks
tathāgato	noun	masc.nom.sg	Such Become
idāneva	ind	adv of time	just now, right now, only now
lokassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of the world
atthaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	benefit, profit, good, welfare, goal
carati,	verb	pr.3.sg	acts, practices, performs, does
pubbepi	ind	adv of time	even before, previously, formerly, in the past, in a previous life
cari-	verb	aor.3.sg	acted, practised, performed, did
yevā”ti	ind		just, only, even, even so, yet, also

O monks, not only now the Tathāgata acts for the benefit of the world, even before he acted thus.

KN-a Ja 182

satthari hi paṭhama-gamanena kapilapuraṃ gantvā kaniṭṭha-bhātikaṃ nandarājakumāraṃ pabbājetvā kapilapurā nikkhamma anupubbena sāvatthiṃ gantvā viharante āyasmā nando ... anabhirato ... ahosi
complex sentences with 5 simple senteses
paṭhama – adv phrase of time
gamanena – adv phrase of manner
anupubbena – adv phrase of manner

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
satthari	noun	masc.loc.sg	when the master, when the teacher
hi	ind	adv of certainty	indeed, certainly, truly, definitely
paṭhamaṃ-	ind	adv of time	for the first time
gamanena	noun	masc.ins.sg	by going, walking, journeying, travelling
kapilapuraṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	Kapilapura
gantvā	verb	abs	having gone (to), having travelled
kaniṭṭha-	adj		youngest, last born
bhātikaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	brother
Nandarājakumāraṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	prince Nanda
pabbājetvā	verb	abs	having caused to ordain
kapilapurā	noun	masc.abl.sg	from Kapilapura
nikkhamma	verb	ger	leaving, exiting, coming out (of)
anupubbena	ind	adv of manner	gradually, step-by-step, successively, stage-by-stage
sāvatthiṃ	noun	fem.acc.sg	Sāvatthi
gantvā	verb	abs	having gone (to), having travelled
viharante	pr.p	masc.loc.sg	when living, staying, remaining, continuing
āyasmā	noun	masc.nom.sg	venerable, lit. old, respected
nando	noun	masc.nom.sg	Nanda
anabhirato	adj	masc.nom.sg	dissatisfied, discontent, miserable
ahosi	verb	aor.3.sg	was, existed, became

When the teacher for the first time by walking travelled to Kapilapura, he ordained (his) youngest brother, prince Nanda, and having leaved from Kapilapura gradually, he travelled to Sāvatthi. While remaining (there), the venerable Nanda became discontent.

KN-a Dh.p.1.6.5

sabbaṃ tissakumārassa vatthumhi vuttaniyāmeneva veditabbaṃ
simple sentence
tissakumārassa vatthumhi vuttaniyāmeneva – adv phrase of manner

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
sabbaṃ	adj	nt.nom.sg	all, everything
tissakumārassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of the prince Tissa
vatthumhi	noun	masc.loc.sg	in the story, case, example, theme
vuttaniyāmena-	ptp	masc.ins.sg	by should be told, should be related, as it was told
eva	ind		only, just, so, even
veditabbaṃ	ptp	nt.nom.sg	can be known, should be understood, must be experienced

Everything should be understood just as it was told in the story of the prince Tissa.

KN-a Dh.p.1.6.9

sāvatthiyaṃ kireko upāsako dhammena samena agāraṃ ajjhāvasati.
simple sentence
sāvatthiyaṃ – adv phrase of place
dhammena samena – adv phrase of manner

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
sāvatthiyaṃ	noun	fem.loc.sg	in Sāvatthi
kira-	ind	adv of certainly	it is said, allegedly, apparently, one would think, I have heard, people say
eko	adj	masc.nom.sg	one, a certain
upāsako	noun	masc.nom.sg	lay disciple, lay devotee, lit. who sits near
dhammena	ind	adv of manner	righteously, lawfully, ethically, religiously, morally
samena	ind	adv of manner	impartially, peacefully, calmly
agāraṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	dwelling, building, house, hut
ajjhāvasati.	verb	pr.3.sg	lives (in), inhabits, stays (in)

It is said, that in Sāvatthi a certain lay devotee stays at home righteously and peacefully.

KN-a Dh.p.,1.6.5

ahaṃ pubbe puññaṃ akatattā kiñci na labhāmīti

ahaṃ pron 1.nom.sg I

simple sentence
pubbe puññaṃ akatattā – adv phrase of reason

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
pubbe	ind	adv of time	before, previously, formerly, in the past, in a previous life
puññaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	merit, good deed, lit. (mental) purity
akatattā	noun	nt.abl.sg	because of not doing, because of not making, lit. from state of not doing
kiñci	pron	masc.acc.sg	something, anything
na	ind		not
labhāmīti	verb	pr.1.sg	I get, obtain

I am not getting something because of not doing good deed in the past.

KN-a Dh.p.,1.6.4

attano sāmike kāsāvadhare muṇḍakasīse disvā cittaṃ ekaggaṃ na bhaveyya, tena magga-phalāni pattuṃ na sakkuṇeyyuṃ. tasmā acalasaddhāya patiṭṭhitakāle tāsaṃ te bhikkhū arahattappatteyeva dassesi.
compound of 4 simple sentences
acalasaddhāya patiṭṭhitakāle – adv phrase of time

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
attano	adj	masc.gen.sg	of self, of oneself, ones own, own
sāmike	noun	masc.acc.pl	husbands
kāsāva-dhare	adj	masc.acc.pl	wearing brown red robe
muṇḍakasīse	adj	masc.acc.pl	with shaven head
disvā	verb	abs	having seen, having understood, having found
cittaṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	mind
ekaggaṃ	adj	nt.nom.sg	unified, calm, collected, lit. in one place
na	ind		not
bhaveyya,	verb	opt.3.sg	could be
tena	ind	adv	thereby, because of that, on that account, lit. by that, with that
maggaphalāni	noun	nt.acc.pl	path and fruit, practice and result
pattuṃ	verb	inf	to attain, to reach, to arrive at
na	ind		not
sakkuṇeyyuṃ.	verb	opt.3.pl	they could be able (to), would be able
tasmā	ind	adv	therefore, that is why, lit. from that
acalasaddhāya	noun	fem.loc.sg	when unshakeable confidence, faith like a mountain
patiṭṭhita-	pp	firmly grounded, well established,	supported
kāle	noun	masc.loc.sg	when the time
tāsaṃ	pron	masc.dat.pl	of those, of them, their
te	pron	masc.acc.pl	those
bhikkhū	noun	masc.acc.pl	monks
arahatta-	noun		(state of) being worthy, enlightenment
patte-	pp	masc.acc.pl	attained, reached, gained, found
yeva	ind	adv	just, only, even, even so, yet, also
dassesi.	verb	aor.3.sg	showed, exhibited, revealed, lit. caused to see

Having seen their hustband with shaven head and wearing brown red robe, (their) mind could not become unified, because of that they could not be able to attain path and fruit. Therefore, in the time when unshakeable confidence was firmly grounded, he showed to them those monks as attained enlightenment.

KN-a Dh.p.1.1.1

sā vejjenāgantvā “kīdisaṃ, bhadde”ti puṭṭhā “pubbe me akkhīni thokaṃ rujjiṃsu, idāni pana atirekataraṃ rujjantī”ti āha.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
sā	pron	fem.nom.sg	she
vejjena-	noun	masc.ins.sg	with doctor
āgantvā	verb	abs	having arrived, having returned
“kīdisaṃ,	adj	nt.nom.sg	of what kind? how is it? what is it like?
bhadde”ti	noun	fem.voc.sg	madam, maam, good lady
puṭṭhā	pp	fem.nom.sg	asked, questioned
“pubbe	ind	adv of time	before, previously, formerly, in the past, in a previous life

me pron 1.gen.sg my, mine

compound of 4 simple sentences
kīdisaṃ, bhadde”ti – adv phrase of reason and consequence

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
akkhīni	noun	nt.nom.pl	eyes
thokaṃ	ind	adv of degree	a little, slightly
rujjiṃsu,	verb	aor.3.pl	ached, hurt, were sore
idāni	ind	adv of time	now, soon, at present
pana	ind		moreover, and now, but
atirekataraṃ	ind	adv of degree	very much, too much, to a high degree
rujjantī”ti	verb	pr.3.pl	are hurt
āha.	verb	imperf.3.sg	he said

She came to doctor. He asked: “How is it, madam?” She said: “Previously my eyes ached slightly, but now they hurt too much.”

KN-a Dh.p.1.1.9

saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, nanda, sambahulānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ evaṃ ārocesi?
simple sentence

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
saccaṃ	ind	adv of sertainty	truly, really
kira	ind	narrative	now, then, you know?
tvaṃ,			pron
nanda,	noun	masc.voc.sg	Nanda
sambahulānaṃ	adj	masc.dat.pl	of many, numerous, plenty of
bhikkhūnaṃ	noun	masc.dat.pl	of monks
evaṃ	ind		thus, this, like this, just as, such
ārocesi	verb	aor.2.sg	told, informed, explained (to)

It is true, Nanda, that you told this to many monks?

KN-a Dh.p.1.1.5

tathāgatassa tattha hatthināgena upaṭṭhiyamānassa vasanabhāvo sakala-jambudīpe pākaṭo ahosi.
simple sentence
sakala-jambudīpe – adv phrase of place

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tathāgatassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of Such Become, Realised
tattha	ind	adv of place	there, in that place
hatthināgena	noun	masc.ins.sg	with mighty elephant, royal elephant
upaṭṭhiyamānassa	pprp	masc.gen.sg	of being attended (to), being waited
vasanabhāvo	noun	masc.nom.sg	fact of living
sakala-	adj		whole, entire
jambudīpe	noun	masc.loc.sg	in India, lit. rose-apple land
pākaṭo	adj	masc.nom.sg	famous, well known, widespread
ahosi.	verb	aor.3.sg	was, existed, became

The fact of the Such Become living there, attended by mighty elephant, became well known in entire India.

Class 45¶

TH 263

yo vejayanta-pāsādaṃ, pādaṅguṭṭhena kampayi
tādisaṃ bhikkhumāsajja, kaṇha dukkhaṃ nigacchasi

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
yo	pron	masc.nom.sg	who, whoever
vejayanta-	noun		Sakkas Palace, lit. conquering
pāsādaṃ,	noun	masc.acc.sg	mansion, stately home, palace, building with pillars
pādaṅguṭṭhena	noun	nt.ins.sg	with big toe
kampayi	verb	aor.3.sg	shook, caused to shake

Who shook with big toe mansion of Sakkas Palace,

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tādisaṃ	adj	masc.acc.sg	such, like that (of), of such character, of such quality, the kind (of)
bhikkhum-	noun	masc.acc.sg	monk
āsajja,	verb	ger	insulting, assaulting, attacking
kaṇha	noun	masc.voc.sg	dark one, black one, evil one
dukkhaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	discomfort, suffering, pain, unease, something unsatisfactory, problem, trouble
nigacchasi	verb	pr.2.sg	you suffer, undergo, fall (into)

insulting such monk, o Dark One, you undergo suffering.

TH 263

evametaṃ mahāvīra, yathā samaṇa bhāsasi.
ettha ceke visīdanti, paṅkamhiva jaraggavo.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
evametaṃ	ind+pn		so it is, it is this, just like that, exactly like that
mahāvīra,	noun	masc.voc.sg	o great hero
yathā	ind		like, as
samaṇa	noun	masc.voc.sg	Ascetic, epithet of the Buddha
bhāsasi.	verb	pr.2.sg	you speak (about), talk (about)
ettha	ind		here, in this place, in this regard
ceke	ind+pn		and some, some people
visīdanti,	verb	pr.3.pl	they sink down (in), sink (into), flounder
paṅkamha-	noun	masc.loc.sg	in dirt, mud, mire, swamp
iva	ind		like, as
jaraggavo.	noun	masc.nom.sg	old bull

So it is, o Great Hero, it is as you speak, Ascetic! Here some people sink down like an old bull into the mud.

DN 14.14 mahāpadānasuttaṃ

seyyathāpi nāma suddhaṃ vatthaṃ apagatakāḷakaṃ sammad-eva rajanaṃ paṭiggaṇheyya, evameva tesaṃ caturāsīti-pāṇasahassānaṃ tasmiṃyeva āsane virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
seyyathāpi	ind		just like, as if, imagine if
nāma	ind		certainly, truly, for sure
suddhaṃ	adj	nt.nom.sg	clean, pure, white
vatthaṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	cloth, clothes, robe
apagatakāḷakaṃ	adj	nt.nom.sg	without dirty marks, without stains
sammadeva	ind		thoroughly, completely, properly, rightly
rajanaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	dye, colour
paṭiggaṇheyya,	verb	opt.3.sg	could take, accept, receive
evameva	ind		similarly, in the same way, so too, just so
tesaṃ	pron	masc.dat.pl	for those
caturāsīti-	adj		eighty four (84)
pāṇa-	noun		being, living being, lit. breath
sahassānaṃ	adj	masc.dat.pl	for one thousands (1000)
tasmiṃyeva	ind		in that very, in that exact
āsane	noun	nt.loc.sg	in seat
virajaṃ	adj	nt.nom.sg	pure, stainless, untainted
vītamalaṃ	adj	nt.nom.sg	stainless, spotless, without taint, blemish free
dhammacakkhuṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	insight into the nature of reality, spiritual insight, understanding of the way things are, lit. Dhamma eye
udapādi	verb	aor.3.sg	arose, sprung up

Just like a white cloth, without stains, could completely take the dye, in the same way spiritual insight arose for those eighty four thousands of beings, in that exact seat.

KN 8.228

sare hatthehi bhañjitvā, katvāna kuṭimacchisaṃ,
tena me sarabhaṅgoti, nāmaṃ sammutiyā ahu.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
sare	noun	nt.acc.pl	reeds (used for making arrows)
hatthehi	noun	masc.ins.pl	with hands
bhañjitvā,	verb	abs	having broken, having destroyed
katvāna	verb	abs	having done, having made
kuṭim-	noun	fem.acc.sg	hut
acchisaṃ.	verb	aor.3.pl	waited, remained, lit. sited
tena	ind	thereby, because of that, on that	account, lit. by that, with that

me pron 1.gen.sg my

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
sarabhaṅgoti,	noun	masc.nom.sg	Sarabhaṅga; reed breaking
nāmaṃ	noun	nt	name
sammutiyā	noun	fem.ins.sg	by common opinion, popular idea, general agreement, general consensus
ahu.	verb	aor.3.sg	one was, it was, there was

I broke reeds with hands, made a hut and remained (there), because of that by general agreement my name was the Sarabhaṅga reed breaking

DN 23.5

labheyya nu kho so coro coraghātesu — āgamentu tāva bhavanto coraghātā, amukasmiṃ me gāme vā nigame vā mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā, yāvāhaṃ tesaṃ uddisitvā āgacchāmīti, udāhu vippalapantasseva coraghātā sīsaṃ chindeyyunti?

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
labheyya	verb	opt.3.sg	would get, could receive, obtains
nu kho	ind		does? is? would?
so	pron	masc.nom.sg	he, that
coro	noun	masc.nom.sg	thief
coraghātesu —	noun	masc.loc.pl	in executioners
āgamentu	verb	imp.3.pl	they may wait, must expect
tāva	ind	that much, as long as, to that extent,	until, at least
bhavanto	noun	masc.nom.pl	masters, sirs, good men
coraghātā,	noun	masc.nom.pl	executioners
amukasmiṃ	pron	masc.loc.sg	in that, such and such (person or place)
me	pron	1,gen.sg	my
gāme	noun	masc.loc.sg	in village, hamlet, collection of houses
vā	ind		or
nigame	noun	masc.loc.sg	in town, market town
vā	ind		or
mittāmaccā	noun	masc.nom.pl	friend and colleagues, friends and companions
ñātisālohitā	noun	masc.nom.pl	family and blood relatives
yāva-	ind		as long as, as far as, up to, until

ahaṃ pron 1.nom.sg I

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tesaṃ	pron	masc.dat.pl	to them
uddisitvā	verb	abs	having seen, having visited, lit. having looked up
āgacchāmīti,	verb	pr.1.sg	I come back, arrive
udāhu	ind		or (part 2 of a question)
vippalapaṃ-	adj	masc.acc.sg	talkative, who are wailing
tassa-	pron	masc.gen.sg	of that, his
eva	ind		only, just, so, even
coraghātā	noun	masc.nom.pl	executioners
sīsaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	head
chindeyyunti?	verb	opt.3.pl	they could cut, cut off, sever

Whould that thief get from the executioners: In such and such village or town there are my friends and companions, family and blood relatives. (Please) may good executioners wait until I have visited them, then I will come back. Or executioners just could cut off the head of that talkative (thief)?

DHP 329 nāgavaggo

no ce labhetha nipakaṃ sahāyaṃ, saddhiṃcaraṃ sādhuvihāri-dhīraṃ, rājāva raṭṭhaṃ vijitaṃ pahāya, eko care mātaṅgaraññeva nāgo.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
no	ind		not
ce	ind		if
labhetha	verb	opt.3.sg	one oneself would get, one oneself would acquire, one oneself should obtain
nipakaṃ	adj	masc.acc.sg	intelligent, wise, discerning
sahāyaṃ,	noun	masc.acc.sg	friend, companion, fellow traveller
saddhiṃ-	ind		together (with), with
caraṃ	adj	masc.acc.sg	walking, going, roaming, living
sādhuvihāri-	adj		who lives well, clean living
dhīraṃ.	adj	masc.acc.sg	stable, constant, reliable, firm
rājā-	noun	masc.nom.sg	king
iva	ind		like
raṭṭhaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	country, land, kingdom, realm
vijitaṃ	adj	nt.acc.sg	conquered, subjugated
pahāya,	verb	ger	leaving behind, giving up, abandoning
eko	adj	masc.nom.sg	alone
care	verb	opt.3.sg	should go about, should leads (ones life), should conduct oneself
mātaṅga-	noun		elephant
araññe-	noun	nt.loc.sg	in forest, wood, wilds
iva	ind		like
nāgo.	noun	masc.nom.sg	tusker, bull elephant, mighty beast

If one could not find an intelligent friend, fellow traveller, who stable and lives well, he should walk alone, like the king giving up the conquered kingdom, like the mighty beast in elephants forest.

Vin 4, 1.8

caratha, bhikkhave, cārikaṃ bahujana-hitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
caratha,	verb	imp.2.pl	you walk, wander, go
cārikaṃ	noun	fem.acc.sg	walking tour, walking journey
bahujana-	noun		multitude, many people, mass of people
hitāya	noun	nt.dat.sg	for welfare, good, benefit, blessing
bahujanasukhāya	noun	nt.dat.sg	for the happiness of many people
lokānukampāya	noun	fem.dat.sg	for the compassion for the world
atthāya	noun	masc.dat.sg	for benefit, profit, good, welfare, goal
hitāya	noun	nt.dat.sg	for welfare, good, benefit, blessing
sukhāya	noun	nt.dat.sg	for ease, comfort, happiness, pleasure
devamanussānaṃ.	noun	masc.gen.pl	of gods and men

O monks, you should travel the benefit of mass of people, for the happiness of many people, out of the compassion for the world, for the welfare, for the blessing, for the happiness of gods and men.

DN 5.2

na arahati bhavaṃ kūṭadanto samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. samaṇo tveva gotamo arahati bhavantaṃ kūṭadantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ .

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
na	ind		not
arahati	verb	pr.3.sg	should, ought (to), suitable (for), befitting
bhavaṃ	noun	masc.nom.sg	respectable person, honourable person
kūṭadanto	noun	masc.nom.sg	Kūṭadanta; crooked tooth
samaṇaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	ascetic, renunciant, holy man, monk, recluse, lit. who makes an effort, calm one
gotamaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	Gotama
dassanāya	noun	nt.dat.sg	to see, in order to see, for the purpose of seeing
upasaṅkamituṃ.	verb	inf	to approach, to visit, to go (to)
samaṇo	noun	masc.nom.sg	ascetic, renunciant, holy man, monk, recluse, lit. who makes an effort, calm one
tv-eva	ind		however, but, rather, rather than
gotamo	noun	masc.nom.sg	Gotama
arahati	verb	pr.3.sg	should, ought (to), suitable (for), befitting
bhavantaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	respectable person, honourable person
kūṭadantaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	Kūṭadanta; crooked tooth
dassanāya	noun	nt.dat.sg	to see, in order to see, for the purpose of seeing
upasaṅkamituṃ	verb	inf	to approach, to visit, to go (to)

Respectable person Crooked Tooth should not approach recluse Gotama in order to see, but recluse Gotama should approach respectable person Crooked Tooth in order to see.

DN 23.20

atha kho pāyāsi rājañño uttaraṃ māṇavaṃ āmantāpetvā etadavoca — saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, tāta uttara, dānaṃ datvā evaṃ anuddisasi — imināhaṃ dānena pāyāsiṃ rājaññameva imasmiṃ loke samāgacchiṃ, mā parasminti?

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
atha kho	ind		then, and then, after that
pāyāsi	noun	masc.nom.sg	Pāyāsi
rājañño	noun	masc.nom.sg	man of the ruling class, young khattiya
uttaraṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	Uttara
māṇavaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	young man, young gentleman, young Brahman
āmantāpetvā	verb	abs	having sent (for), having had summoned
etadavoca	verb	aor.3.sg	one said this
saccaṃ	ind		truly, really
kira	ind	narrative	now, then, you know?

tvaṃ, pron 2.nom.sg you

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tāta	noun	masc.voc.sg	father, brother, (respectful address)
uttara,	noun	masc.voc.sg	Uttara
dānaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	gift, giving, offering, charity
datvā	verb	abs	having given, having offered, having donated
evaṃ	ind		thus, this, like this, just as, such
anuddisasi	verb	pr.2.sg	points out, remarks
imina-	pron	masc.ins.sg	by this

ahaṃ pron 1.nom.sg I

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
dānena	noun	nt.ins.sg	by gift, giving, offering, charity
pāyāsiṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	Pāyāsi
rājaññam-	noun	masc.acc.sg	man of the ruling class, young khattiya
eva	ind		only, just, so, even
imasmiṃ	pron	masc.loc.sg	in this
loke	noun	masc.loc.sg	in world, plane of existence
samāgacchiṃ	verb	aor.1.sg	I united (with), associated (with), meet (with), connected (with)
mā	ind		do not, may one not, dont let
parasminti?	adj	masc.loc.sg	in next (world), next (life), after (life)

And then young khattiya Pāyāsi had summoned young gentleman Uttara and said this: Is it true, father Uttara, that by giving charity you remarked thus: By this charity may I meet with young khattiya Pāyāsi only in this life not in the next.

DN 23.10

abhijānāsi no tvaṃ, rājañña, divā seyyaṃ upagato supinakaṃ passitā ārāmarāmaṇeyyakaṃ vanarāmaṇeyyakaṃ bhūmirāmaṇeyyakaṃ pokkharaṇīrāmaṇeyyakanti?

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
abhijānāsi	verb	pr.2.sg	is aware (of), is conscious (of)
no	ind	inter	surely? didnt you? definitely
tvaṃ,	noun	masc.nom.sg	you
rājañña,	noun	masc.voc.sg	man of the ruling class, young khattiya
divā	ind		by day, during the day
seyyaṃ	noun	fem.acc.sg	sleep, rest, sleeping posture
upagato	pp	masc.nom.sg	taken, undertaken, underwent
supinakaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	dream
passitā	pp	masc.nom.pl	seen
ārāmarāmaṇeyyakaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	delightful park, lovely grove
vanarāmaṇeyyakaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	delightful wood, wonderful forest
bhūmirāmaṇeyyakaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	delightful place, lovely area, wonderful region
pokkharaṇīrāmaṇeyyakaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	delightful pool, lovely lotus pond

Are you aware, young khattiya, (when you) taking rest during the day, you see a dream with delightful park, wonderful forest, lovely area and delightful lotus pond?

MN 8.1

so vata, cunda, attanā palipa-palipanno paraṃ palipa-palipannaṃ uddharissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
so vata, cunda, attanā a-palipa-palipanno paraṃ palipa-palipannaṃ uddharissatīti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
so	pron	masc.nom.sg	he, that
vata	ind		certainly, surely, indeed
cunda,	noun	masc.voc.sg	o Cunda
attanā	noun	masc.ins.sg	with oneself, by oneself
palipa-	noun		mud, mire, marsh, swamp
palipanno	pp	masc.nom.sg	stuck (in), immersed (in), sunk (into)
paraṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	other, another (person)
palipa-	noun		mud, mire, marsh, swamp
palipannaṃ	pp	masc.acc.sg	stuck (in), immersed (in), sunk (into)
uddharissatīti	verb	fut.3.sg	will pull up, lift up, raise, remove
netaṃ	pron	masc.nom.sg	this is not
ṭhānaṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	reason, grounds, basis, cause
vijjati	verb	pr.3.sg	exists (in), is found (in), is present (in)

Indeed, o Cunda, it is impossible that one himself stuck in mud should pull up another person who (also) stuck in mud.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
so	pron	masc.nom.sg	he, that
vata	ind		certainly, surely, indeed
cunda,	noun	masc.voc.sg	o Cunda
attanā	noun	masc.ins.sg	with oneself, by oneself
a-palipapalipanno	pp	masc.nom.sg	not stuck inmud, immersed in mire, sunk into the swamp
paraṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	other, another (person)
palipa-	noun		mud, mire, marsh, swamp
palipannaṃ	pp	masc.acc.sg	stuck (in), immersed (in), sunk (into)
uddharissatīti	verb	fut.3.sg	will pull up, lift up, raise, remove
ṭhānaṃ-	noun	nt.nom.sg	reason, grounds, basis, cause
etaṃ	pron	masc.nom.sg	this
vijjati	verb	pr.3.sg	exists (in), is found (in), is present (in)

Indeed, o Cunda, it is possible that one himself not stuck in mud should pull up another person who (also) stuck in mud.

MN 13

tassa ce, bhikkhave, kulaputtassa evaṃ uṭṭhahato ghaṭato vāyamato te bhogā nābhinipphajjanti.
so socati kilamati paridevati urattāḷiṃ kandati, sammohaṃ āpajjati, moghaṃ vata me uṭṭhānaṃ, aphalo vata me vāyāmoti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tassa	pron	masc.gen.sg	when that
ce,	ind		if
kulaputtassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	when son of a good family, respectable young man, young gentleman
evaṃ	ind		thus, this, like this, just as, such
uṭṭhahato	prp	masc.gen.sg	when getting up, arousing oneself, lit. standing up
ghaṭato	prp	masc.gen.sg	when trying, striving, making an effort
vāyamato	prp	masc.gen.sg	when making an effort, striving, exerting oneself
te	pron	masc.nom.pl	those
bhogā	noun	masc.nom.pl	wealth, possessions, property, riches
nābhinipphajjanti	verb	pr.3.pl	are accomplished, are successfully attained, are arise

If those wealth not successfully coming, while young gentleman arousing oneself, striving and making an effort.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
so	pron	masc.nom.sg	he
socati	verb	pr.3.sg	sorrows, grieves, mourns
kilamati	verb	pr.3.sg	grows tired, gets fatigued
paridevati	verb	pr.3.sg	mourns, laments, wails
urattāḷiṃ	ind		beating ones breast
kandati,	verb	pr.3.sg	cries, weeps, wails
sammohaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	confusion, delusion, bewilderment
āpajjati	verb	pr.3.sg	experiences, suffers
moghaṃ	adj	nt.nom.sg	useless, stupid, in vain, a waste
vata	ind		oh! oh no! oh dear!

me pron 1.gen.sg my

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
uṭṭhānaṃ,	noun	nt.nom.sg	effort, exertion, initiative, activity,
aphalo	adj	masc.nom.sg	useless, empty, in vain, lit. fruitless
vata	ind		oh! oh no! oh dear!

me pron 1.gen.sg my

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
vāyāmoti.	noun	masc.nom.sg	effort, striving, exertion, endeavour

He grieves, grows tired, mourns, wails beating his breast, experiences bewilderment. Oh dear! My effort is useless! Oh no! My exertion is fruitless!

DN 9.6

addhā kho, bhante, evaṃ sante tassa purisassa sappāṭihīrakataṁ bhāsitaṃ sampajjatīti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
addhā	ind		most certainly! for sure! definitely!
kho,	ind		indeed, surely, certainly, truly
bhante,	noun	masc.voc.sg	sir, lord, reverend
evaṃ	ind		thus, this, like this, just as, such
sante	prp	masc.loc.sg	when existing, being
tassa	pron	masc.gen.sg	of that
purisassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of person
sappāṭihīrakataṁ	adj	nt.nom.sg	well grounded, well founded, with sound basis
bhāsitaṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	saying, speech, statement, utterance, talk, words, lit. what was said
sampajjatīti.	verb	pr.3.sg	happens to be, turns out to be

Most certainly, reverend! thus, when being like this, words of that person turns out to be well grounded.

SN 35.132 lohiccasuttaṃ

yagghe! bhavaṃ jāneyya, samaṇo mahākaccāno brāhmaṇānaṃ mante ekaṃsena apavadati, paṭikkosatīti?

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
yagghe!	ind		come on! see now!
bhavaṃ	noun	masc.nom.sg	master, sir
jāneyya,	verb	opt.3.sg	should know, could understand
samaṇo	noun	masc.nom.sg	ascetic, renunciant, holy man, monk, recluse
mahākaccāno	noun	masc.nom.sg	Mahākaccāna
brāhmaṇānaṃ	noun	masc.gen.sg	of Brahmans, priests
mante	noun	masc.acc.pl	mantras, scriptures, sacred hymns, Veda
ekaṃsena	ind		certainly, definitely, absolutely
apavadati,	verb	pr.3.sg	slanders, denigrates, disrespects
paṭikkosatīti?	verb	pr.3.sg	rejects, refuses to accept, disses, disdains

See now! Master should know that recluse Mahākaccāna absolutely slandersa and rejects sacred hymns of the Brahmans.

KN-a Ja 181

evaṃ mahāsatto khuddaka-makkhikāya pivana-mattampi lohitaṃ anuppādetvā satta-rājāno palāpetvā kaniṭṭha-bhātaraṃ apaloketvā kāme pahāya isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā abhiññā ca samāpattiyo ca nibbattetvā jīvitapariyosāne brahmalokūpago ahosi.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
evaṃ	ind		thus, this, like this, just as, such
mahāsatto	noun	masc.nom.sg	great being
khuddaka-	adj		small, minute, tiny
makkhikāya	noun	fem	fly, lit. smearer
pivana-	noun		drink, drinking
mattampi	adj	nt.acc.sg	just as many as, as much as, a measure of, consisting of, only as much as
lohitaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	blood
anuppādetvā	verb	abs	having not produced, having not given rise to, lit. caused to appear
satta-	adj		seven
rājāno	noun	masc.acc.pl	officers, policemen, lit. kings men
palāpetvā	verb	abs	having put to flight, having made flee
kaniṭṭha-	adj		youngest, last born
bhātaraṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	brother
apaloketvā	verb	abs	having obtained permission (from), having given notice (to), lit. having looked up (to)
kāme	noun	masc.acc.pl	pleasures, sensual pleasures
pahāya	verb	ger	leaving behind, giving up, abandoning
isipabbajjaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	non-Buddhist ascetic
pabbajitvā	verb	abs	having ordained, having renounced the household life
abhiññā	noun	fem.acc.pl	psychic powers
ca	ind		and
samāpattiyo	noun	fem.acc.pl	attainments, meditation attainments
ca	ind		and
nibbattetvā	verb	abs	having brought about, having caused to come forth, having completed, lit. having caused to be
jīvitapariyosāne	noun	nt.loc.sg	in the end of life, end of life span
brahmalokūpago	adj	masc.nom.sg	reborn in the world of the gods, headed towards Brahmas realm
ahosi.	verb	aor.3.sg	was, existed, became

Like this great being did not cause to appear the blood even as many as small fly can drink, made flee seven kings, obtained permission from his youngest brother, abandoning sensual pleasures he ordained as non-Buddhist ascetic, then he obtained psychic powers and meditation attainments, and after death was reborn in the Brahmas realm.

KN-a Ud,2.8

kosalarājā mahantena balenāgantvā bārāṇasiṃ gahetvā taṃ rājānaṃ māretvā tassa aggamahesiṃ attano aggamahesiṃ akāsi.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
kosalarājā	noun	masc.nom.sg	king of Kosala
mahantena	adj	masc.ins.sg	with great, large, powerful, grand, mighty, vast, extensive
balena-	noun	masc.ins.sg	with army, military force
āgantvā	verb	abs	having arrived, having returned
bārāṇasiṃ	noun	fem.acc.sg	City of Varanassi
gahetvā	verb	abs	having taken control (of), having seized power
taṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	that, he
rājānaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	king (object)
māretvā	verb	abs	having caused to kill, having caused to murder, having had someone killed
tassa	pron	masc.gen.sg	his
aggamahesiṃ	noun	fem.acc.sg	first queen, first wife of the king
attano	adj	masc.dat.sg	for self, for oneself, to oneself
aggamahesiṃ	noun	fem.acc.sg	first queen, first wife of the king
akāsi.	verb	aor.3.sg	did, made

King of Kosala arrived with a great force, having taken control of Varanassi, he caused to kill that king and made his first queen his own.

KN-a Dh.p.,1.5.11

eko kuṭumbiko ekassa therassa vihāraṃ katvā taṃ tattha viharantaṃ catūhi paccayehi upaṭṭhahi.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
eko	adj	masc.nom.sg	one, a certain
kuṭumbiko	noun	masc.nom.sg	head of a family, householder, family man
ekassa	adj	masc.dat.sg	to one, a certain
therassa	noun	masc.dat.sg	to elder monk
vihāraṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	monastery
katvā	verb	abs	having done, having made
taṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	that, him
tattha	ind		there, in that place
viharantaṃ	prp	masc.acc.sg	living, staying, remaining, continuing
catūhi	adj	masc.ins.pl	with four
paccayehi	noun	masc.ins.pl	with supports, requisites
upaṭṭhahi.	verb	aor.3.sg	attended, served, provided

A certain householder built a monastery for a certain elder monk, a householder provided (monk) who living there with four requisites.

Class 46¶

Dhp 85 :

appakā te manussesu – ye janā pāra-gāmino,
athāyaṃ itarā pajā – tīramevānudhāvati

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
appakā	adj	masc.nom.pl	few things, few people, small amount
te	pron	masc.nom.pl	they, those
manussesu	noun	masc.loc.pl	in (among) people
ye	pron	masc.nom.pl	those who
janā	noun	masc.nom.pl	the people
pāragāmino	noun	masc.nom.pl	who going beyond, cross over, to the other shore
atha-	ind	adv	then; and also, but
ayaṃ	pron	fem.nom.sg	this, the
itarā	pron	fem.nom.sg	other, rest
pajā	noun	fem.nom.sg	people, population, generation, mnd
tīram-	noun	nt.acc.sg	shore, bank
eva-	ind	adv	only, even, just
anudhāvati	verb	pr.3.sg	run along, run up and down, run back and forth

Few are those among people, who are going to the other shore, but the rest of the people just running along the shore.

TH 261

anuddhato acapalo, nipako saṃvutindriyo.
sobhati paṃsukūlena, sīhova girigabbhare.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
anuddhato	adj	masc.nom.sg	calm, subdued, unruffled, not agitated
acapalo,	adj	masc.nom.sg	steady, steadfast, not shaking
nipako	adj	masc.nom.sg	intelligent, wise, discerning
saṃvutindriyo.	adj	masc.nom.sg	with mind under control, with senses retrained
sobhati	verb	pr.3.sg	shines, radiates, looks beautiful
paṃsukūlena,	adj	masc.ins.sg	with a robe from a rubbish heap, wearing a rag robe
sīhova	noun	masc.nom.sg	like a lion
giri-gabbhare.	noun	masc.loc.sg	in mountain cave

Calm, steadfast, intelligent, with senses retrained, he shines even wearing a rag robe, like a lion in a mountain cave.

TH 176

yodha koci manussesu, parapāṇāni hiṃsati.
asmā lokā paramhā ca, ubhayā dhaṃsate naro.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
yo-	pron	masc.nom.sg	whoever
idha	ind		here, now, in this world
koci	pron	masc.nom.sg	someone, anyone, some, whoever
manussesu,	noun	masc.loc.pl	among people
para-pāṇāni	noun	nt.acc.pl	another living beings
hiṃsati.	verb	pr.3.sg	harms, hurts, injures
asmā	pron	masc.abl.sg	from this
lokā	noun	masc.abl.sg	from world
paramhā	adj	masc.abl.sg	from other, another
ca,	ind		and
ubhayā	pron	masc.abl.sg	from both, referring to two things
dhaṃsate	verb	pr.refl.3.sg	one deprives oneself (from), one falls (from)
naro.	noun	masc.nom.sg	man, person

Whoever here among people harms another living beings, that person falls down from both (welfare), in this world and another.

Dhp 64

yāvajīvampi ce bālo, paṇḍitaṃ payirupāsati.
na so dhammaṃ vijānāti, dabbī sūparasaṃ yathā.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
yāvajīvaṃ-	ind		for whole life, lit. as long as life
api	ind		even, even then
ce	ind		if
bālo,	noun	masc.nom.sg	fool, ignorant, immature person
paṇḍitaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	sage, intelligent person, wise man
payirupāsati.	verb	pr.3.sg	associates closely (with), attends closely (to), lit. sits closely around
na	ind		not
so	pron	masc.nom.sg	he
dhammaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	Teaching, truth, reality
vijānāti,	verb	pr.3.sg	comprehends, understands, recognises, distinguishes, is aware (of)
dabbī	noun	fem.nom.sg	wooden spoon, spoon, ladle
sūparasaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	taste of soup, flavour of curry
yathā.	ind		like, as

If a fool even for his whole life associates closely with a wise man, he is not understanding the truth, like a wooden spoon (is not understanding) the taste of a soup.

Dhp 81

selo yathā ekaghano, vātena na samīrati.
evaṃ nindā-pasaṃsāsu, na samiñjanti paṇḍitā.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
selo	noun	masc.nom.sg	rock, stone
yathā	ind		like, as
ekaghano,	adj	masc.nom.sg	solid, dense
vātena	noun	masc.ins.sg	by wind
na	ind		not
samīrati.	verb	pr.3.sg	moves, shakes
evaṃ	ind		thus, this, like this, just as, such
nindā-	noun		blame, criticism, fault-finding, disgrace
pasaṃsāsu,	noun	fem.loc.pl	praise, approval, commendation
na	ind		not
samiñjanti	verb	pr.3.pl	move, shake
paṇḍitā.	noun	masc.nom.pl	sages, intelligent people, wise men

Like a solid stone does not shake because of the wind, same way the wise people do not shake because of the blames and praises.

KN-a Dh.p.2.17.3

puṇṇo theraṃ disvāva kasiṃ ṭhapetvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena theraṃ vanditvā “dantakaṭṭhena attho bhavissatī”ti dantakaṭṭhaṃ kappiyaṃ katvā adāsi.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
puṇṇo	adj	masc.nom.sg	“full, complete”, Puṇṇo
theraṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	elder, senior monk, lit. old man
disvā-	verb	abs	having seen, having understood, having found
eva	ind		only, just, so, even
kasiṃ	noun	fem.acc.sg	ploughing, farming, agriculture
ṭhapetvā	verb	abs	having placed aside, having put down
pañca-patiṭṭhitena	pp	masc.ins.sg	with 5 fold prostration or veneration
theraṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	elder, senior monk, lit. old man
vanditvā	verb	abs	having bowed, having paid respect, having honoured
“dantakaṭṭhena	noun	nt.ins.sg	toothbrush, lit. tooth stick
attho	noun	masc.nom.sg	benefit, profit, good, welfare, goal
bhavissatī”ti	verb	fut.3.sg	could be, should be, will be
dantakaṭṭhaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	toothbrush, lit. tooth stick
kappiyaṃ	adj	nt.acc.sg	suitable, appropriate
katvā	verb	abs	having done, having made
adāsi.	verb	aor.3.sg	gave

Puṇṇo just having seen an elder, placed aside ploughing, paid respect to him with five fold prostration. “Toothbrush will be useful!” Having made suitable toothbrush, he offered it.

KN-a Dh.p.1.5.3

satthā mūlasiriṃ āmantetvā “jānāsi etan”ti pucchitvā “na jānāmī”ti vutte, “pitā te ānandaseṭṭhī”ti vatvā asaddahantaṃ “ānandaseṭṭhi puttassa te pañca mahānidhiyo ācikkhāhī”ti ācikkhāpetvā saddahāpesi.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
satthā	noun	masc.nom.sg	The teacher
mūlasiriṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	Mūlasiri, “Rooted in prosperity”
āmantetvā	verb	abs	having invited, having called, having summoned
“jānāsi	verb	pr.2.sg	you know, understand
etan”ti	noun	masc.acc.sg	this
pucchitvā	verb	abs	having asked, having enquired, having questioned
“na	ind		not
jānāmī”ti	verb	pr.2.sg	I know, understand
vutte,	pp	masc.loc.sg	when said, told, spoken, mentioned
“pitā	noun	masc.nom.sg	father

te pron 2.gen.sg your

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
ānandaseṭṭhī”ti	noun	masc.nom.sg	Ānandaseṭṭhī, “Happy wealthy man”
vatvā	verb	abs	having said
asaddahantaṃ	prp	masc.acc.sg	not believing
“ānandaseṭṭhi	noun	masc.nom.sg	Ānandaseṭṭhī, “Happy wealthy man”
puttassa	noun	masc.dat.sg	to son, child

te pron 2.gen.sg your

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
pañca	adj	-.acc.pl	five (5)
mahānidhiyo	noun	fem.acc.pl	grate treasure, trove, hoard, lit. put down
ācikkhāhī”ti	verb	imp.2.sg	tell about, describe, point out, teach
ācikkhāpetvā	verb	abs	having made show, having made tell
saddahāpesi.	verb	aor	caused to believe, convinced

The Teacher summoned the Mūlasiri. “Do you know this (man) ?” he asked; “I dont now” he said; “Yor father Ānandaseṭṭhī” he said to not believing; “Describe five grate treasure to your son” having caused to show, he convinced.

KN-a Dh.p.1.5.3

atha naṃ piṇḍāya caritvā jīvituṃ samatthakāle sā kapālakaṃ hatthe ṭhapetvā, “tāta, mayaṃ taṃ nissāya mahādukkhaṃ pattā, idāni na sakkomi taṃ posetuṃ, imasmiṃ nagare kapaṇaddhikādīnaṃ paṭiyattabhattāni atthi, tattha bhikkhāya caritvā jīvāhī”ti taṃ vissajjesi.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
atha	ind		then, also, and so, after that
naṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	him
piṇḍāya	noun	masc.dat.sg	for alms
caritvā	verb	abs	having walked, having wandered, having lived
jīvituṃ	verb	inf	to live, to remain alive, to survive
samatthakāle	noun	masc.loc.sg	in time when he was able, strong
sā	pron	fem.nom.sg	she
kapālakaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	beggars bowl
hatthe	noun	masc.acc.pl	hands
ṭhapetvā	verb	abs	having placed, having put
“tāta,	noun	masc.voc.sg	brother, son

mayaṃ pron 1.nom.pl we

taṃ pron 2.acc.sg you

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
nissāya	verb	ger	supporting, helping
mahādukkhaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	great discomfort, suffering, pain, trouble
pattā	pp	masc.nom.pl	attained, reached, gained, found
idāni	ind		now, at present
na	ind		not
sakkomi	verb	pr.1.sg	I am able (to)

taṃ pron 2.acc.sg you

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
posetuṃ,	verb	inf	to support, to looks after, to take care (of)
imasmiṃ	pron	nt.loc.sg	in this
nagare	noun	nt.loc.sg	in town, city, fortified town
kapaṇaddhika-	noun		poor traveller, tramp
adīnaṃ	adj	nt.dat.pl	to etc, and so on
paṭiyatta-	pp		prepared, arranged
bhattāni	noun	nt.nom.pl	meals
atthi,	verb	pr.3.pl	there are, there exist
tattha	ind		there, in that place
bhikkhāya	noun	fem.dat.sg	for alms-food, begged food
caritvā	verb	abs	having walked, having wandered, having lived
jīvāhī”ti	verb	imp.2.sg	you live, survive
taṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	him
vissajjesi	verb	aor.3.sg	sent away, ejected, got rid (of), kicked out

Then, in time when he was able to live on wandering for alms, she placed beggars bowl in (his) hands. “Dear son, supporting you, we gained great trouble. Now I am not able to take care of you. In this town there are meals, arranged for tramps and so on. There you must survive begging food.” And she sent him away.

KN-a Ja 50

tasmiṃ samaye bārāṇasivāsino devatāmaṅgalikā honti, devatā namassanti, bahū ajeḷakakukkuṭabhūkarādayo vadhitvā nānappakārehi pupphagandhehi ceva maṃsalohitehi ca balikammaṃ karonti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tasmiṃ samaye	idiom	loc.sg	then, on that occasion, at that time
bārāṇasivāsino	adj	masc.nom.pl	people of Varanassi
devatāmaṅgalikā	adj	masc.nom.pl	holding festivals, celebrating, worshipping the devas
honti,	verb	pr.3.pl	they are
devatā	noun	fem.acc.pl	deities, gods
namassanti,	verb	pr.3.pl	worship, venerate, honour
bahū	adj	masc.acc.pl	many things, much, a lot
ajeḷaka-	noun		goats and sheep
kukkuṭasūkara-	noun		chickens and pigs
ādayo	adj	masc.acc.pl	etc, and so on
vadhitvā	verb	abs	having killed, having slaughtered
nānappakārehi	adj	masc.ins.sg	with various, different
pupphagandhehi	noun	masc.ins.sg	with floral scent
ceva	ind		and even, as well as
maṃsalohitehi	noun	nt.ins.sg	with flesh and blood
ca	ind		and
balikammaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	sacrificial offering, oblation to god(s)
karonti.	verb	pr.3.pl	they make, do

At that time people of Varanassi were holding festivals for the devas. They worshiped deities. They killed many goats and sheep, chickens and pigs and so on. They made sacrifice to gods with various floral scent and even with flesh and blood.

KN-a Dh.p.,1.1.8

imehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato nāma agāramajjhe vasanto rājā hoti cakkavattī, pabbajanto loke vivaṭṭacchado sabbaññubuddho hoti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
imehi	pron	masc.ins.pl	with these, with these
lakkhaṇehi	noun	nt.ins.pl	with auspicious signs, birthmarks, prognosticative marks
samannāgato	adj	masc.nom.sg	possessing, endowed (with), having,
nāma	ind		certainly, truly, for sure
agāra-majjhe	adj	masc.loc.sg	in the middle of householders, among housholders

lit: in the middle of the house

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
vasanto	prp	masc.nom.sg	living, staying
rājā	noun	masc.nom.sg	king
hoti	verb	pr.3.sg	is
cakkavattī,	noun	masc.nom.sg	universal monarch; wheel turning emperor.
pabbajanto	prp	masc.nom.sg	ordaining, renouncing (the household life)
loke	noun	masc.loc.sg	in the world
vivaṭṭacchado	adj	masc.nom.sg	who rolls back the veil (of illusion)
sabbaññu-	adj		omniscient, all knowing, complete understanding
buddho	adj	masc.nom.sg	awakened, woke up, understood
hoti.	verb	pr.3.sg	he is

Certainly one possessing those birthmarks, staying in the midle of the house, he will be the king, wheel turning emperor. Renouncing the household life he will be the all knowing awakened one.

Class 47¶

TH 4

sabbhi-r-eva samāsetha, paṇḍitehatthadassibhi.
atthaṃ mahantaṃ gambhīraṃ, duddasaṃ nipuṇaṃ aṇuṃ,
dhīrā samadhigacchanti, appamattā vicakkhaṇāti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
sabbhi-	noun	masc.ins.pl	with the wise, with the virtuous
eva	ind		only, just, so, even
samāsetha,	verb	imp.2.pl	you should associate, keep close company
paṇḍitehi-	adj	masc.ins.pl	with wise, intelligent, learned, knowledgeable, skilled
atthadassibhi.	adj	masc.ins.pl	with who see the goal, see the truth
atthaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	benefit, profit, good, welfare, goal
mahantaṃ	adj	masc.acc.sg	great, large, powerful, grand, mighty, vast, extensive
gambhīraṃ,	adj	masc.acc.sg	deep, profound
duddasaṃ	adj	masc.acc.sg	difficult to see, difficult to understand
nipuṇaṃ	adj	masc.acc.sg	fine, subtle
aṇuṃ,	adj	masc.acc.sg	subtle, fine
dhīrā	noun	masc.nom.pl	wise people, sages
samadhigacchanti,	verb	pr.3.pl	they attain, clearly understand, totally get
appamattā	adj	masc.nom.pl	diligent, vigilant, careful, lit. not intoxicated
vicakkhaṇāti.	adj	masc.nom.pl	attentive, vigilant, watchful, lit. seeing clearly

You should associate only with the virtuous, with wise, with whose who see the goal. Wise people who are diligent and attentive - clearly understand the goal what is mighty, profound, difficult to see, fine and subtle.

MN 86

atha kho āyasmā aṅgulimālo bhinnena sīsena, lohitena gaḷantena, bhinnena pattena, vipphālitāya saṅghāṭiyā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
atha kho	ind		then, and then, after that
āyasmā	noun	masc.nom.sg	venerable, lit. old, respected
aṅgulimālo	noun	masc.nom.sg	Aṅgulimāla
bhinnena	adj	nt.ins.sg	with damaged
sīsena,	noun	nt.ins.sg	with head
lohitena	noun	nt.ins.sg	with blood
gaḷantena,	prp	nt.ins.sg	with flowing, dripping, trickling
bhinnena	adj	nt.ins.sg	with damaged
pattena,	noun	nt.ins.sg	with bowl, alms bowl
vipphālitāya	pp	fem.ins.sg	torn apart, ripped apart
saṅghāṭiyā	noun	fem.ins.sg	with outer robe, patchwork robe, lit. joined together
yena	ind		where, wherever
bhagavā	noun	masc.nom.sg	Sublime One, Blessed One, Fortunate One, Buddha
tenupasaṅkami.	verb	aor.3.sg	approached there, went to that place

Then venerable Aṅgulimāla with damaged head, with dripping blood, with damaged bowl, with ripped apart outer robe, approached the Blessed One.

DN 14.1

vipassī, bhikkhave, bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho khattiyo jātiyā ahosi, … koṇḍañño gottena ahosi.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
vipassī,	noun	masc.nom.sg	insightful one, name of a Buddha
bhagavā	noun	masc.nom.sg	Sublime One, Blessed One, Fortunate One, Buddha
arahaṃ	noun	masc.nom.sg	enlightened being, lit. worthy one
sammāsambuddho	noun	masc.nom.sg	perfectly awakened one, fully enlightened being
khattiyo	noun	masc.nom.sg	(man of the) warrior caste, high caste, ruling caste, noble man
jātiyā	f	fem.ins.sg	by birth
ahosi	verb	aor.3.sg	was, existed, became
koṇḍañño	noun	masc.nom.sg	well-known gotta, Koṇḍañña klan
gottena	noun	nt.ins.sg	by family, ancestry, lineage, descent
ahosi.	verb	aor.3.sg	was, existed, became

The Blessed One Vipassi, worthy one, perfectly awakened one, was a noble man by birth and Koṇḍañña by family.

TH 73

amatamhi vijjamāne, kiṃ tava pañcakaṭukena pītena.
sabbā hi kāmaratiyo, kaṭukatarā pañcakaṭukena.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
amatamhi	noun	masc.loc.sg	when ambrosia, drink of immortality, sweet nectar
vijjamāne,	prp	masc.loc.sg	when existing, lit. is being found
kiṃ	ind		not to mention, much less, what about?

tava pron 2.gen.sg your

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
pañcakaṭukena	noun	nt.ins.sg	with (medicine made of) five bitter herbs
pītena.	noun	nt.ins.sg	with drink
sabbā	adj	masc.nom.pl	all, every, whole, entire, complete
hi	ind		indeed, certainly, truly, definitely
kāmaratiyo,	noun	fem.nom.pl	delights in sensual pleasure
kaṭukatarā	adj	masc.nom.pl	more bitter, more painfull
pañcakaṭukena.	noun	nt.ins.sg	with (medicine made of) five bitter herbs

When the ambrosia exists, what to speak about your drink made of five bitter herbs? All delights in sensual pleasure indeed more bitter than medicine made of five bitter herbs.

Dhp 394

kiṃ te jaṭāhi dummedha, kiṃ te ajinasāṭiyā,
abbhantaraṃ te gahanaṃ, bāhiraṃ parimajjasīti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
kiṃ	ind		who? what? which?

te pron 2.gen.sg your

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
jaṭāhi	noun	fem.ins.pl	with dreadlocks, hairs twisted together
dummedha,	noun	masc.voc.sg	fool, idiot
kiṃ	ind		who? what? which?

te pron 2.gen.sg your

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
ajinasāṭiyā,	noun	fem.ins.sg	with garment made of hide
abbhantaraṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	inside, interior, inner being

te pron 2.gen.sg your

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
gahanaṃ,	noun	nt.nom.sg	tangle, thicket, impenetrable jungle, dense forest
bāhiraṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	outside, external appearance
parimajjasīti.	verb	pr.2.sg	you stroke, polishe, groom

What (is the use) of your hairs twisted together? Idiot! What (is the use) of your garment made of hide? Your inside is the dense forest. You polishe (only) external appearance.

DN 19.11

sace te ūnaṃ kāmehi, ahaṃ paripūrayāmi te,
yo taṃ hiṃsati vāremi, bhūmisenāpati ahaṃ.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
sace	ind		if

te pron 2.dat.sg to you

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
ūnaṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	shortage, deficiency, lack, want, need
kāmehi,	noun	masc.ins.pl	with pleasures, sensual pleasures

ahaṃ pron 1.nom.sg I

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
paripūrayāmi	verb	pr.1.sg	I fulfil, satisfie

te, pron 2.dat.sg to you

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
yo	pron	masc.nom.sg	whoever, whatever, whichever

taṃ pron 2.acc.sg you

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
hiṃsati	verb	pr.3.sg	harms, hurts, injures
vāremi	verb	pr.1.sg	I prevent, obstruct, hinder
bhūmisenāpati	noun	masc.nom.sg	the ruler of the land and the army

ahaṃ. pron 1.nom.sg I

If there is lack of sensual pleasures for you, I will fulfil it for you.
Whoever harms you, I will obstruct. I am the ruler of the land and the army.

JAa 21

ambho, rukkha, pubbe tvaṃ olambakaṃ otārento viya ujukameva phalāni pātesi

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
ambho,	ind		hey! yo!
pubbe	ind	before, previously, formerly, in the past, in a previous	life

tvaṃ pron 2.nom.sg you

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
olambakaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	plumb line
otārento	prp	masc.nom.sg	hanging down
viya	ind		like, as
ujukam-	adj	masc.acc.sg	straight, upright, straight up, straight down
eva	ind		only, just, so, even
phalāni	noun	nt.acc.pl	fruits
pātesi	verb	aor.3.sg	dropped, threw down, lit. caused to fall

Hey! Tree! Previously you only dropped fruits straight down, like a plumb line hanging down.

KN-a Dh.p.1.1.1

upakaṭṭhāya pavāraṇāya sabbeva saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
upakaṭṭhāya	adj	fem.loc.sg	when approaching, near, lit. dragging towards
pavāraṇāya	noun	fem.loc.sg	when (vinaya) invitation ceremony at the end of the rains retreat
sabbeva	pron	masc.nom.pl	all just
saha	ind		with, together (with), accompanied (by)
paṭisambhidāhi	noun	fem.ins.pl	with penetrating insights, analytical understandings
arahattaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	(state of) being worthy, enlightenment
pāpuṇiṃsu	verb	aor.3.pl	they reached, arrived, attained, experienced

Near the invitation ceremony at the end of the rains retreat all of them attained enlightenment, accompanied by penetrating insight.

KN-a Dh.p.1.4.8

so taṃ ādāya sāvatthiṃ ekarattivāsena gacchanto ekaṃ phāsukaṭṭhānaṃ patvā nivāsaṃ gaṇhi

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
so	pron	masc.nom.sg	he
taṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	that, him
ādāya	verb	ger	taking
sāvatthiṃ	noun	fem.acc.sg	Sāvatthi
ekarattivāsena	noun	masc.ins.sg	by staying for one night
gacchanto	prp	masc.nom.sg	going, walking
ekaṃ	adj	masc.acc.sg	a, a certain, a single
phāsuka-ṭṭhānaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	pleasant place
patvā	verb	abs	having reached, having arrived
nivāsaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	dwelling, living place
gaṇhi	verb	aor.3.sg	took hold (of), claimed

Having taken him, he went to the Sāvatthi, staying only for one night (on the way), when he reached a certain pleasant place, he claimed a dwelling.

KN-a Dh.p.1.5.1

rājā kira pasenadi kosalo ekasmiṃ chaṇadivase ... hatthiṃ abhiruyha mahantena rājānubhāvena nagaraṃ padakkhiṇaṃ karoti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
rājā	noun	masc.nom.sg	king
kira	ind	it is said, allegedly, apparently, one would think,	I have heard, people say
pasenadi	noun	masc.nom.sg	Pasenadi
kosalo	adj	masc.nom.sg	of Kosala Kingdom
ekasmiṃ	adj	masc.loc.sg	in one, certain
chaṇadivase	noun	masc.loc.sg	in festival day
hatthiṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	elephant, lit. having a hand i.e. trunk
abhiruyha	verb	ger	ascending, climbing aboard, mounting (a horse, elephant or vehicle)
mahantena	adj	masc.ins.sg	with great, large, powerful, grand, mighty, vast
rājānubhāvena	noun	masc.ins.sg	with royal dignity, royal majesty, royal splendour
nagaraṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	town, city, fortified town
padakkhiṇaṃ karoti	verb	pr.3.sg	go around a person to the right out of respect, circle around to the right

It is said, Pasenadi, King of the Kosala, on a certain festival day, having mounted an elephant, made a circle around the city with great royal splendour.

KN-a Dh.p.1.5.1

so “bhariyaṃ me nissāya bhayena uppannena bhavitabban””ti cintetvā ... gantvā rājānaṃ vanditvā aṭṭhāsi.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
so	pron	masc.nom.sg	he
bhariyaṃ	noun	fem.acc.sg	wife, lit. who is supported

me pron 1.gen.sg my

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
nissāya	ind		because (of), on account (of)
bhayena	noun	nt.ins.sg	by fear, fright, terror,// dismay, danger (of), peril (of)
uppannena		pp	nt.ins.s by arisen, appeared, come into existence
bhavitabban””ti	ptp	nt.nom.sg	it must be, it should exist
cintetvā ...	verb	abs	having thought, having reflected
gantvā	verb	abs	having gone (to), having travelled (to)
rājānaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	king
vanditvā	verb	abs	having bowed, having paid respect, having honoured
aṭṭhāsi.	verb	aor.3.sg	stood, stayed, remained

“It must be because of my wife this danger has arisen”, he thought. Having gone, he paid respect to the king and stood.

KN-a Dh.p.1.5.1

yathāladdhena byañjanena saddhiṃ allameva bhattaṃ pacchiyaṃ opīḷetvā ādāya yojanikaṃ maggaṃ pakkanto

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
yathāladdhena	adj	masc.ins.sg	with whatever one has got.
byañjanena	noun	nt.ins.sg	with curry
saddhiṃ	ind		together (with), with
allameva	adj	nt.acc.sg	just wet, moist, damp
bhattaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	rice
pacchiyaṃ	noun	fem.los.sg	in wicker basket, hand-basket
opīḷetvā	verb	abs	having squashed (into), having pressed down (in)
ādāya	verb	ger	taking
yojanikaṃ	adj	masc.acc.sg	approximately 11 kilometres in length
maggaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	road, path, track
pakkanto	pp	masc.nom.sg	left, set out, departed, gone away, disappeared

He squashed wet rice with whatever curry he has got into the hand-basket, took it and departed to the journey, approximately 11 kilometres in length.

KN-a Dh.p.1.1.9

sā udakabindūhi paggharanteheva aḍḍhullikhitehi kesehi vegena gantvā, “tuvaṭaṃ kho, ayyaputta, āgaccheyyāsī”ti āha.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
sā	pron	fem.nom.sg	she
udakabindūhi	noun	nt.ins.pl	with drops of water
paggharanteheva	prp	nt.ins.pl	with dripping, trickling, oozing
aḍḍhullikhitehi	adj	masc.ins.pl	with half combed (hair)
kesehi	noun	masc.ins.pl	with hair
vegena	ind		quickly, with speed, with haste
gantvā,	verb	abs	having gone (to), having travelled (to)
“tuvaṭaṃ	ind		quickly, immediately
kho,	ind		indeed, surely, certainly, truly
ayyaputta,	noun	masc.voc.sg	young gentleman, noble son, masters son
āgaccheyyāsī”ti	verb	opt.2s	you should come, come back
āha.	verb	perf.3.sg	she said

With dripping drops of water and the hair half combed, she quickly went. “You should come back immediately, young gentleman.” she said.

KN-a Dh.p.1.4.8

tasmiṃ pana nagare anusaṃvaccharaṃ vivaṭanakkhattaṃ nāma hoti. tadā bahi anikkhamanakulānipi parivārena saddhiṃ gehā nikkhamitvā appaṭicchannena sarīrena padasāva nadītīraṃ gacchanti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tasmiṃ	pron	nt.loc.sg	in that
pana	ind		moreover, and now, but
nagare	noun	nt.loc.sg	in town, city, fortified town
anusaṃvaccharaṃ	ind		annually, yearly
vivaṭanakkhattaṃ	noun	nt	uncovered festival, nude celebration
nāma	ind		called, by the name of, namely
hoti.	verb	pr.3.sg	it was
tadā	ind		then, at that time
bahi	ind		externally, outside
a-nikkhamana-	adj		not exiting, going out
kulānipi	noun	nt.nom.pl	even families
parivārena	noun	masc.ins.sg	with retinue, associates, entourage
saddhiṃ	ind		together (with), with
gehā	noun	masc.abl.sg	from house, dwelling
nikkhamitvā	verb	abs	having gone out (from), having exited, having left
appaṭicchannena	adj	nt.ins.sg	by uncovered, naked
sarīrena	noun	nt.ins.sg	by body
padasāva	noun	masc.ins.sg	just by foot
nadītīraṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	riverside, bank of a river, shore
gacchanti.	verb	pr.3.pl	they go, walk, move, wander around

Annually in that town was so-caled “Uncovered festival”. At that time even families, who do not (usually) going outside, go away from the house together with retinue, they wander by foot to the bank of a river with uncovered body.

KN-a Ud,5.3

“suppabuddha ... ahaṃ te aparimitaṃ dhanaṃ dassāmi, buddho na buddho, dhammo na dhammo, saṅgho na saṅgho, alaṃ me buddhena, alaṃ me dhammena, alaṃ me saṅghenāti vadehī”ti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
“suppabuddha	noun	masc.voc.sg	Suppabuddha

ahaṃ pron 1.nom.sg I

te pron 2.dat.sg to you

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
aparimitaṃ	adj		immeasurable, limitless
dhanaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	wealth, riches, treasure
dassāmi,	verb	fut.1.sg	I will give
buddho	noun	masc.nom.sg	the Buddha
na	ind		not
buddho,	noun	masc.nom.sg	the Buddha
dhammo	noun	masc.nom.sg	the Teaching
na	ind		not
dhammo,	noun	masc.nom.sg	the Teaching
saṅgho	noun	masc.nom.sg	the Community
na	ind		not
saṅgho,	noun	masc.nom.sg	the Community
alaṃ	ind		enough

me pron 1.gen.sg for me

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
buddhena,	noun	masc.ins.sg	with the Buddha
alaṃ	ind		enough

me pron 1.gen.sg for me

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
dhammena,	noun	masc.ins.sg	with the Teaching
alaṃ	ind		enough

me pron 1.gen.sg for me

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
saṅghenāti	noun	masc.ins.sg	with the Community
vadehī”ti.	verb	imp.2.sg	you should say

Suppabuddha, I will give you immeasurable wealth. Please say: “The Buddha is not a Buddha, the Dhamma is not a Dhamma, the Sangha is not a Sangha. I have enough of the Buddha, I have enough of the Dhamma, I have enough of the Sangha.”

KN-a Dh.p.1.4.8

“bhante, imaṃ catumāsaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ gahetvā idheva vasatha, pāsādamahaṃ karissāmī”ti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
“bhante,	noun	masc.voc.sg	sir, lord, reverend
imaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	this
catumāsaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	period of four months; four months.
bhikkhusaṅghaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	community of monks
gahetvā	verb	abs	having brought, having fetched
idheva	ind		right here, just here, only here
vasatha,	verb	imp.2.pl	may you live, stay, reside
pāsādaṃ-	noun	masc.acc.sg	mansion, stately home, palace, building with pillars

ahaṃ pron 1.nom.sg I

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
karissāmī”ti.	verb	fut.1.sg	I will make, build

Venerable for this period of four months after fetched community of monks, may you stay here, I will build the mansion.

Class 48¶

TH 251

passāmi loke sadhane manusse, laddhāna vittaṃ na dadanti mohā.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
passāmi	verb	pr.1.sg	I sees, finds, understands
loke	noun	masc.loc.sg	in the world
sadhane	adj	masc.acc.pl	rich, wealthy, lit. with wealth
manusse	noun	masc.acc.pl	people
laddhāna	verb	abs	having got, having obtained
vittaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	wealth, property, power
na dadanti	verb	pr.3.pl	they not give, offer, donate
mohā.	noun	nt.abl.sg	from illusion, delusion, confusion

I see rich people in the world, who having obtained wealth do not give, because of delusion.

TH 251

tasmā hi paññāva dhanena seyyā, yāya vosānamidhādhigacchati.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tasmā	ind		from that, therefore, that is why, lit. from that
hi	ind		indeed, certainly, truly, definitely
paññā-	noun	fem.nom.sg	wisdom, knowledge, intelligence, intellect, understanding, insight
eva	ind		only, just, so, even
dhanena	noun	masc.ins.sg	with wealth, riches, treasure
seyyā	adj	fem.nom.sg	better, better than, preferable
yāya	pron	fem.ins.sg	by whichever, with which (woman)
vosānaṃ-	noun		(relative) achievement, perfection, accomplishment
idha-	ind		here, now, in this world
adhigacchati.	verb	pr.3.sg	gets, finds, obtains, attains

Therefore indeed wisdom better than wealth, by which one reach perfection.

DN 20.1

dasahi ca lokadhātūhi devatā yebhuyyena sannipatitā honti

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
dasahi	adj	fem.abl.pl	from ten
ca	ind		and
lokadhātūhi	noun	fem.abl.pl	from world systems, world spheres
devatā	noun	fem.nom.sg	deities, gods
yebhuyyena	ind		mostly, almost all, altogether
sannipatitā	pp	fem.nom.pl	gathered together, assembled, lit. fallen together
honti	verb	pr.3.pl	they are

And almost all deities from ten world systems gathered together.

DN 14.1

tathāgato atīte buddhe … jātitopi anussarissati, nāmatopi … gottatopi … āyuppamāṇatopi …

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tathāgato	noun	masc.nom.sg	Such Become, Realised, being in such a state
atīte	adj	masc.acc.pl	past
buddhe	noun	masc.acc.pl	Budhhas
jātitopi	noun	fem.abl.sg	in terms of birth, rebirth, conception
anussarissati,	verb	fut.3.sg	will remember
nāmatopi	noun	nt.abl.sg	in terms of name
gottatopi	noun	nt.abl.sg	in terms of family, ancestry, lineage, descent
āyuppamāṇatopi	noun	nt.abl.sg	in terms of length of life, life-span

Such Become remembers past Buddhas birthes, names, ancestry and life-span.

KN 8.244 TH 244 khadiravaniyarevata theragāthā
anaṅgaṇassa posassa, niccaṃ sucigavesino.
vālaggamattaṃ pāpassa, abbhamattaṃva khāyati.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
anaṅgaṇassa	adj	masc.dat.sg	for spotless, blemish free
posassa,	noun	masc.dat.sg	for man
niccaṃ	ind		continuously, always, permanently
sucigavesino.	adj	masc.dat.sg	of seeking purity, seeking the good
vāla-	noun		tail hair
agga-	noun		tip, top
mattaṃ	adj	m.ac.sg	as many as, as much as, a measure of, consisting of
pāpassa,	noun	nt.gen.sg	of evil
abbhamattaṃ-	adj	masc.acc.sg	size of a cloud, i.e. enormous, dreadful, ominous
va	ind		like, as
khāyati.	verb	pr.3.sg	appears to be, seems to be, is seen as

For the blemish free man, who always seeking purity, even a hair-tip-measure of evil seems like the size of a thundercloud.

DN 16.22

catunnaṃ, bhikkhave, dhammānaṃ ananubodhā appaṭivedhā evamidaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ sandhāvitaṃ saṃsaritaṃ mamañceva tumhākañca.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
catunnaṃ	adj	masc.gen.pl	of four
dhammānaṃ	noun	masc.gen.pl	of things
ananubodhā	noun	masc.abl.sg	because of non-comprehension, misunderstanding
appaṭivedhā	noun	masc.abl.sg	because of non-penetration, non-understanding, non- comprehension, lit. not piercing through
evamidaṃ	adv+pn		thus this
dīghamaddhānaṃ	ind		for a long time
sandhāvitaṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	transmigrating, lit. ran along
saṃsaritaṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	wandering on, moving on continuously, transmigrating

mamañceva pron 1.dat.sg for me

tumhākañca. pron 2.dat.sg for your

Because of non-comprehension and non-penetration of four things, there was transmigration and wandering on for a long time for you and even for me.

DN 14.4

vipassī kumāro bahuno janassa piyo ahosi manāpo

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
vipassī	noun	masc.nom.sg	insightful one, name of a Buddha
kumāro	noun	masc.nom.sg	prince
bahuno	adj	masc.dat.sg	for many, much, lots (of), a lot (of), great, large
janassa	noun	masc.dat.sg	for men, people, population
piyo	adj	masc.nom.sg	liked, pleasant, agreeable
ahosi	verb	aor.3.sg	was, existed, became
manāpo	adj	masc.nom.sg	pleasant, likeable, attractive, agreeable, lit. pervading the mind

Prince Vipassī was loved and dear for many people.

DN 14.4

bandhumā rājā vipassissa kumārassa tayo pāsāde kārāpesi

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
bandhumā	noun	masc.nom.sg	Bandhumā
rājā	noun	masc.nom.sg	king
vipassissa	noun	masc.dat.sg	to insightful one, name of a Buddha
kumārassa	noun	masc.dat.sg	to prince
tayo	adj	masc.acc.pl	three (3)
pāsāde	noun	masc.acc.pl	mansions, palaces, building with pillars
kārāpesi	verb	aor.3.sg	caused to do, caused to make, caused to build

King Bandhumā had three palaces build for prince Vipassī.

DN 14.10

vipassissa bodhisattassa rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
vipassissa	noun	masc.gen.sg	when insightful one, name of a Buddha
bodhisattassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	when Buddha-to-be, lit. awakening being
rahogatassa	adj	masc.gen.sg	when in private, gone into seclusion
paṭisallīnassa	pp	masc.gen.sg	when withdrawn into seclusion
evaṃ	ind		thus, this, like this, just as, such
cetaso	noun	masc.dat.sg	to mind
parivitakko	noun	masc.nom.sg	reflection, contemplation, train of thought
udapādi	verb	aor.3.sg	arose, sprung up

When the Buddha-to-be Vipassī was withdrawn into seclusion, gone into seclusion, this reflection arose in (his) mind

SN 8.1

alābhā vata me, na vata me lābhā; dulladdhaṃ vata me, na vata me suladdhaṃ; yassa me anabhirati uppannā

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
alābhā	ind		it is a loss (for)! it is bad luck (for)!
vata	ind		oh! oh no! oh dear!

me, pron 1.dat.sg to me

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
na	ind		not
vata	ind		oh! oh no! oh dear!

me pron 1.dat.sg to me

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
lābhā;	ind		it is a gain, its a win, its a blessing
dulladdhaṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	misfortune, unluck, lit. bad gain
vata	ind		oh! oh no! oh dear!

me, pron 1.dat.sg to me

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
na	ind		not
vata	ind		oh! oh no! oh dear!

me pron 1.dat.sg to me

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
suladdhaṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	fortune, luck, lit. well gain
yassa	pron	masc.dat.sg	to whom, for who, for whoever, for whatever, for whichever

me pron 1.dat.sg to me

rāgo cittaṃ anuddhaṃseti, taṃ kutettha labbhā, yaṃ me paro anabhiratiṃ vinodetvā abhiratiṃ uppādeyya.
Lust infesting (my) mind. How in this regard could it be, that anyone else could dispel (my) dissatisfaction and could give rise to delight?
yaṃnūnāhaṃ attanāva attano anabhiratiṃ vinodetvā abhiratiṃ uppādeyyanti.
What if I just by myself for myself could dispel dissatisfaction and could give rise to delight?

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
anabhirati	noun	fem.nom.sg	dissatisfaction, discontent
uppannā	pp	fem.nom.sg	arisen, appeared, come into existence

oh dear! It is a loss for me! oh dear! it is not a gain for me! oh dear! It is a misfortune for me! oh dear! It is not a fortun for me, whom dissatisfaction has arisen.

DN 5

siyā kho pana bhoto rañño mahāyaññaṃ yajamānassa kocideva vippaṭisāro

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
siyā	verb	opt.3.sg	one could be, it may be, one might be, it should be
kho pana	ind		and than
bhoto rañño	noun	masc.gen.sg	when sir king, for you king
mahāyaññaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	great sacrifice, great offering
yajamānassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	when making sacrifice, sacrificing
kocideva	ind		even some, just some
vippaṭisāro	noun	masc.nom.sg	remorse, regret

It could be some regret when king makes the sacrifice.

Vin 1, 4.3.3

evaṃ, devāti kho so mahāmatto rañño māgadhassa seniyassa bimbisārassa paṭissuṇitvā āyasmato pilindavacchassa pañca ārāmikasatāni pādāsi

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
evaṃ,	ind		yes!
devāti	noun	masc.voc.sg	o king!
kho	ind		indeed
so	pron	masc.nom.sg	he, that
mahāmatto	noun	masc.nom.sg	chief minister, chancellor, cabinet member
rañño	noun	m,gen.sg	of king, kings
māgadhassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of Kingdom of Magadha
seniyassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of Seniya, related to the army, soldier, army general
bimbisārassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of Bimbisāra
paṭissuṇitvā	verb	abs	having assented; having promised; having agreed
āyasmato	noun	masc.dat.sg	to Venerable
pilindavacchassa	noun	masc.dat.sg	to Pilindavaccha
pañca	noun	-.acc.pl	5
ārāmika-	noun	masc	monastery attendant, monastery worker, lit. gardener
satāni	adj	nt.acc.pl	100
pādāsi	verb	aor.3.sg	gave, granted, presented, bestowed

Yes, king! that minister of king of Magadha general Bimbisāra promised to Venerable Pilindavaccha. He gave 500 monastery workers.

DN 9.1

svāgataṃ, bhante, bhagavato. cirassaṃ kho, bhante, bhagavā imaṃ pariyāyamakāsi, yadidaṃ idhāgamanāya.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
svāgataṃ,	ind		welcome! you are welcome!
bhante,	noun	masc.voc.sg	sir, lord, reverend
bhagavato.	noun	masc.dat.sg	to the Sublime One, Blessed One, Fortunate One, Buddha
cirassaṃ	ind		at last, a long time since, after a long time
kho,	ind		indeed
bhante,	noun	masc.voc.sg	sir, lord, reverend
bhagavā	noun	masc.nom.sg	Sublime One, Blessed One, Fortunate One, Buddha
imaṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	this
pariyāyam-	noun	masc.acc.sg	turn, detour, roundabout way
akāsi	verb	aor.3.sg	did, made
yadidaṃ	ind		namely, that is, lit. which this
idha-	ind		here, now
āgamanāya.	noun	nt.dat.sg	to coming, approach, arrival

O venerable, welcome to the Blessed One! Sir, indeed after a long time the Blessed One made this detour, namely coming here.

JAa 80

bodhisatto: idānesa hatthipiṭṭhito patitvā marissatīti hatthikkhandhato apatanatthaṃ bhīmasenaṃ yottena parikkhipitvā gaṇhi

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
bodhisatto	noun	masc.nom.sg	Buddha-to-be, lit. awakening being
idāni-	ind		now, soon, at present
esa	pron	masc.nom.sg	this, he, it
hatthi-	noun		elephant, lit. having a hand i.e. trunk
piṭṭhito	ind		behind, at the rear of, just behind
patitvā	verb	abs	having fallen down (from), having fallen off (of), having fallen (onto)
marissatīti	verb	fut.3.sg	will die
hatthikkhandhato	noun	masc.abl.sg	from elephants back
apatanatthaṃ	ind		for the purpose of not falling
bhīmasenaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	Bhīmasena
yottena	noun	masc.ins.sg	with rope, cord, strap, anything for tying
parikkhipitvā	verb	abs	having encircled, having thrown around
gaṇhi	verb	aor.3.sg	grabbed hold, grasped, held tight

Buddha-to-be said: “Now he will die having fallen down from the elephants back.” Having encircled a rope on Bhīmasena for the purpose of not falling from the elephants back, he grabbed hold on him.

JAa 70

dīghato tiṃsayojanaṃ vitthārato pannarasayojanaṃ assamapadaṃ māpehī”ti

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
dīghato	adj	nt.abl.sg	in length, long
tiṃsayojanaṃ	adj	nt.acc.sg	thirty (30) yojanas
vitthārato	adj	nt.abl.sg	in width, in breadth
pannarasayojanaṃ	adj	nt.acc.sg	fifteen (15) yojanas
assamapadaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	ashram, monastery, hermitage
māpehī”ti	verb	imp.2.sg	you should make, build, construct, have it build

You should have a monastery to build, thirty yojanas in length and fifteen yojanas in width.

DHPa 1.5.11 jambukatthera vatthu

āvuso, āgantuka kuṭumbikassa te gehe bhattaṃ bhuñjanato varataraṃ mīḷhaṃ khādituṃ... kuṭumbikena dinna-sāṭaka-nivāsanato varataraṃ naggena vicarituṃ

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
āvuso,	noun	masc.voc.sg	brother, friend
āgantuka	noun	masc.voc.sg	Āgantuka, lit: guest, newcomer, new arrival
kuṭumbikassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of head of a family, householder, family man

te pron 2.dat.sg for you, to you

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
gehe	noun	masc.loc.sg	in house, dwelling
bhattaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	food, meal
bhuñjanato	noun	nt.abl.sg	from eating, dining
varataraṃ	ind		better, even better
mīḷhaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	excrement, dung, urine
khādituṃ	verb	inf	to eat, to chew, to devour
kuṭumbikena	noun	masc.ins.sg	by head of a family, householder, personal name
dinna-	pp		given, offered
sāṭaka-	noun		cloak, outer garment
nivāsanato	noun	nt.abl.sg	from dressing, clothing
varataraṃ	ind		better, even better
naggena	adj	masc.ins.sg	by naked, nude
vicarituṃ	verb	inf	to wander about, to go around

Friend Āgantuka, it is better for you to eat excrement than eating food of householder, it is better to go around naked than dressing in cloak offered by householder.

DHPa 1.4.10

atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo tassa sattāhassa accayena tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhāsi.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
atha kho	ind		then, and then, after that
āyasmā mahākassapo	noun	masc.nom.sg	Venerable Mahākassapa
tassa	pron	nt.gen.sg	of that
sattāhassa	noun	nt.gen.sg	of week, seven days
accayena	ind		after the passing (of), after the lapse (of)
tamhā	pron	masc.abl.sg	from that
samādhimhā	noun	masc.abl.sg	from perfect peace of mind, stability of mind, stillness of mind
vuṭṭhāsi.	verb	aor.3.sg	arose (from), emerged (from)

And then Venerable Mahākassapa emerged from absorption after one week.

DhpA

“kiṃ pana tvaṃ mahābrahmatopi uttaritaro””ti? “āma, jambuka, ahañhi brahmunāpi atibrahmā”ti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
“kiṃ	pron		who? what? which?
pana	ind		moreover, and now, but

tvaṃ pron 2.nom.sg you

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
mahābrahmatopi	noun	masc.abl.sg	even from Great God Almighty, Supreme Spirit
uttaritaro”ti?	adj	masc.nom.sg	more excellent (than), even better (than), even higher (than)
“āma,	ind		yes, certainly
jambuka,	noun	masc.voc.sg	jackal

ahañhi pron 1.nom.sg I truly

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
brahmunāpi	noun	masc.abl.sg	even from God, creator god
atibrahmā”ti.	noun	masc.abl.sg	from beyond god, even higher god, more superior god

It is true that you more excellent even than Great God Almighty? Yes, jackal, I am even (more than) God (even more than) Higher God.

KN-a Dh.p.1.1.12

ajjatagge dānāhaṃ, āvuso ānanda, aññatreva bhagavatā, aññatra, bhikkhusaṅghā uposathaṃ karissāmi

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
ajjatagge	ind		from today onwards, lit. today first
dāni	ind		now, immediately

ahaṃ, pron 1.nom.sg I

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
āvuso ānanda,	noun	masc.voc.sg	friend Ananda
aññatra-	ind		elsewhere (from), away (from), in another place (from)
eva	ind		just
bhagavatā,	noun	masc.abl.sg	form the Buddha
aññatra,	ind		elsewhere (from), away (from), in another place (from)
bhikkhusaṅghā	noun	masc.abl.sg	from community of monks
uposathaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	full moon or new moon observance day
karissāmi	verb	fut.1.sg	I will do

Friend Ananda, now from today onwards, I will make observance day elsewhere from the Buddha and from community of monks.

Class 49¶

SN 7.15

kesu na mānaṃ kayirātha, kesu cassa sagāravo. kyassa apacitā assu, kyassu sādhu supūjitāti.
Towards whom one should not be conceited? Towards whom one should be respectful? Who should be esteemed by one? Who should be very well venerated?
mātari pitari cāpi, atho jeṭṭhamhi bhātari. ācariye catutthamhi, tesu na mānaṃ kayirātha.
Towards mother and father, then to the eldest brother. Towards teacher as the fourth. Towards them one should not make conceit
tesu na mānaṃ kayirātha, tesu assa sagāravo, tyassa apacitā assu, tyassu sādhu supūjitā.
arahante sītībhūte, katakicce anāsave nihacca mānaṃ athaddho, te namasse anuttareti.
Towards liberated arahants, who have done what needs to be done, free from the effluents. Destroing conceit and not proud one should pay homage to them, towards unsurpassed ones.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tesu	pron	masc.loc.pl	towards those, to them
na	ind		not
mānaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	pride, conceit, egotism, lit. high opinion or measuring
kayirātha,	v opt.reflx.3.s		one should make oneself
tesu	pron	masc.loc.pl	in those, in them, among them, among those
assa	verb	opt.3.sg	one should be
sagāravo	adj	masc.nom.sg	respectful, reverential
tyassa = te+assa	pn.n.pl+pn.dat.s		they for him
apacitā	pp	masc.nom.pl	respected, honoured, esteemed
assu,	verb	opt.3.pl	they should be, they may be, they would be, may they be
tyassu = te+assu	pn.n.pl+opt.3.pl		they may be, they should be
sādhu	ind		well, thoroughly
supūjitā.	pp	masc.nom.pl	highly honoured, deeply venerated

Towards them one should not be conceited, towards them one should be respectful. They should be esteemed by one, they should be very well venerated.

DHP 116

abhittharetha kalyāṇe, pāpā cittaṃ nivāraye, dandhañhi karoto puññaṃ, pāpasmiṃ ramatī mano.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
abhittharetha	verb	opt.refl.3.sg	one should make haste, could be quick to do
kalyāṇe,	noun	masc.loc.sg	in goodness, good deeds, virtue, merit, benefit
pāpā	adj	masc.abl.sg	from evil, criminal, wrong, bad, vicious
cittaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	mind
nivāraye.	verb	opt.3.sg	should prevent (from), could obstruct (from), restrain (from), block (from)
dandhañhi	ind		indeed slowly; sluggishly.
karoto	prp	masc.gen.sg	when doing, making
puññaṃ,	noun	nt.acc.sg	merit, good deed, lit. (mental) purity
pāpasmiṃ	adj	masc.loc.sg	in evil, criminal, wrong, bad, vicious
ramatī	verb	pr.3.sg	enjoys, finds pleasure (in), takes delight (in), likes
mano.	noun	masc.nom.sg	mind

One should be quick in doing wholesome, should restrain mind from evil. Indeed when making merit slowly, the mind finds pleasure in evil.

APA 8

uppātesu nimittesu, lakkhaṇesu ca kovidaṃ. ajjhāyakaṃ mantadharaṃ, porohicce ṭhapeti so.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
uppātesu	noun	masc.loc.pl	in sudden events, comets, meteors, disasters
nimittesu,	noun	nt.loc.pl	in signs, omens, portents
lakkhaṇesu	noun	nt.loc.pl	in auspicious signs, birthmarks, prognosticative marks or quality, characteristic
ca	ind		and
kovidaṃ.	adj	masc.acc.sg	skilled (in), expert (in), proficient (in), master (of)
ajjhāyakaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	master, teacher, reciter of the Vedas
mantadharaṃ,	adj	masc.acc.sg	counsellor, advisor, bearer of the Vedas
porohicce	noun	nt.loc.sg	in office of purohita, chief priest-ship, prime minister- ship, lit. placed-in-front-ship
ṭhapeti	verb	pr.3.sg	appoints, establishes, sets up, places in a position
so.	pron	masc.nom.sg	he

He appoints an advisor in office of purohita, who is reciter of the Vedas, who is skilled in sudden events, omens and auspicious signs.

DN 4.3

samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo akāmakānaṃ mātāpitūnaṃ assumukhānaṃ rudantānaṃ ... agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
samaṇo	noun	masc.nom.sg	ascetic, renunciant, holy man, monk, recluse
khalu,	ind		indeed, surely
bho	noun	masc.voc.sg	sir, master, friend, good man, you (respectful address)
gotamo	noun	masc.nom.sg	of the Gotama family
akāmakānaṃ	adj	masc.gen.pl	while unwilling, reluctant
mātāpitūnaṃ	noun	masc.gen.pl	while mother and father, parents
assumukhānaṃ	adj	masc.gen.pl	while with tear-stained face, with a face lined with tears, lit. tear face
rudantānaṃ	prp	masc.gen.pl	while crying, grieving, weeping, wailing
agārasmā	noun	nt.abl.sg	from household life, domestic life
anagāriyaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	homelessness
pabbajito	pp	masc.nom.sg	ordained, renounced

Indeed recluse master Gotama renounced from household life to homelessness, while his unwilling parents were crying with tear-stained face.

DN 16.7

atha kho bhagavā acirapakkantesu pāṭaligāmikesu upāsakesu suññāgāraṃ pāvisi.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
atha kho	ind		and then
bhagavā	noun	masc.nom.sg	the Sublime One, Blessed One, Fortunate One, the Buddha
acirapakkantesu	adj	masc.loc.pl	when recently departed, recently left
pāṭaligāmikesu	adj	masc.loc.pl	when of Pātaligāma
upāsakesu	noun	masc.loc.pl	when lay disciples, lay devotees
suññāgāraṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	empty dwelling, uninhabited place
pāvisi.	verb	aor.3.sg	entered, went (into)

And then the Blessed One entered empty dwelling not long after the lay disciples of Pātaligāma departed.

MN 39

gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārī hoti

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
gate	noun	nt.loc.sg	in moving; walking
ṭhite	noun	nt.loc.sg	in standing
nisinne	noun	nt.loc.sg	in seating
sutte	noun	nt.loc.sg	in lying down, sleeping
jāgarite	noun	nt.loc.sg	in being awake
bhāsite	noun	nt.loc.sg	in speaking
tuṇhībhāve	noun	nt.loc.sg	in keeping quiet, being silent
sampajānakārī	adj	masc.nom.sg	attentive, alert, mindful, cultivating clear comprehension
hoti	verb	pr.3.sg	he is

Whether walking, standing, sitting, lying down, waking up, talking and remaining silent he is cultivating clear comprehension.

JA 539

ajinamhi haññate dīpi, nāgo dantehi haññate. dhanamhi dhanino hanti, aniketam-asanthavaṃ.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
ajinamhi	noun	nt.loc.sg	in (on account of) animal hide, fur
haññate	v.pass.opt.3.s		whould be hurt, could be killed, destroyed
dīpi,	noun	masc.nom.sg	leopard, panther, tiger
nāgo	noun	masc.nom.sg	elephant
dantehi	noun	masc.ind.pl	with (because of) tusk
haññate.	v.pass.opt.3.s		whould be hurt, could be killed, destroyed
dhanamhi	noun	masc.loc.sg	in (on account of) wealth, riches, treasure
dhanino	noun	masc.nom.pl	wealthy people, rich men
hanti,	verb	pr.3.pl	they kill, strike
aniketam-	adj	masc.acc.sg	homeless
asanthavaṃ.	adj	masc.acc.sg	companion-less, solitary, recluse

Tiger could be killed on account of hide, elephant could be killed on account of tusk, they (criminals) kill rich men on account of wealth. Homeless and solitary….

DN 16.26

tena kho pana samayena deve vassante deve gaḷagaḷāyante vijjullatāsu niccharantīsu asaniyā phalantiyā avidūre bhusāgārassa dve kassakā bhātaro hatā cattāro ca balibaddāti

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tena kho pana samayena	idiom		now at that time, now on that occasion
deve vassante	idiom		when it is raining
deve	noun	masc.loc.sg	when rain-cloud
gaḷagaḷāyante	prp	masc.loc.sg	in pouring, thundering, making a gala-gala sound
vijjullatāsu	noun	fem.loc.pl	when forks of lightning, flashes of lightning, lit. lightning creeper
niccharantīsu	prp	fem.loc.pl	when sending out, flashing down (of lightning)
asaniyā	noun	fem.loc.sg	when thunderbolt, lightning flash, Indras thunderbolt
phalantiyā	prp	fem.loc.sg	when splitting open, busting open, breaking open
avidūre	ind		near, not far
bhusāgārassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of Bhusāgāra
dve	adj	masc.nom.pl	two (2)
kassakā	noun	masc.nom.pl	farmer, ploughman
bhātaro	noun	masc.nom.pl	brothers
hatā	pp	masc.nom.pl	killed
cattāro	adj	masc.nom.pl	four
ca	ind		and
balibaddāti	noun	masc.nom.pl	ox, bull

Now at that time when it was raining, thundering, flashing down of lightning and splitting open the thunderbolt, near Bhusāgāra, two brothers farmers and four bulls were killed.

DN 26.2

addasā kho, bhikkhave, so puriso bahunnaṃ vassānaṃ bahunnaṃ vassasatānaṃ bahunnaṃ vassasahassānaṃ accayena dibbaṃ cakkaratanaṃ osakkitaṃ ṭhānā cutaṃ

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
addasā	verb	imperf.3.sg	one saw
kho,	ind		indeed
so	pron	masc.nom.sg	he, that
puriso	noun	masc.nom.sg	man, person
bahunnaṃ	adj	masc.gen.pl	many, much, lots (of), a lot (of), great, large
vassānaṃ	noun	masc.gen.pl	of years
bahunnaṃ	adj	masc.gen.pl	of many, much, lots (of), a lot (of), great, large
vassasatānaṃ	adj	masc.gen.pl	of one hundreds years, centuries
bahunnaṃ	adj	masc.gen.pl	of many, much, lots (of), a lot (of), great, large
vassa-	noun		year
sahassānaṃ	adj	masc.gen.pl	one thousands (1000)
accayena	ind		after the passing (of), after the lapse (of),
dibbaṃ	adj	nt.acc.sg	divine, heavenly, celestial
cakkaratanaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	jewelled wheel
osakkitaṃ	pp	nt.acc.sg	slipped down, moved back
ṭhānā	noun	masc.abl.sg	from place
cutaṃ	pp	nt.acc.sg	shifted, fallen, fallen down

Indeed after the passing of many years, of many hundreds years, of many thousands years, that person saw divine jewelled wheel had shifted and fallen down from its place.

MN 53

khattiyo seṭṭho jane-tasmiṃ, ye gottapaṭisārino. vijjācaraṇasampanno, so seṭṭho deva-mānuseti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
khattiyo	noun	masc.nom.sg	of warrior caste, of high caste, of ruling caste
seṭṭho	adj	masc.nom.sg	foremost, best, primary, most important
jane-	noun		people
tasmiṃ,	pron	masc.loc.sg	among that, in him
ye	pron	masc.nom.pl	whoever, whatever, whichever, those who
gottapaṭisārino	adj	masc.nom.pl	referring to, relying on lineage.
vijjācaraṇasampanno,	adj	masc.nom.sg	perfect in theory and practice, accomplished in understanding and action, having wisdom and ethical conduct
so	pron	masc.nom.sg	he, that
seṭṭho	adj	masc.nom.sg	foremost, best, primary, most important
devamānuseti.	noun	masc.loc.sg	in, among gods and men

Among those people who relying on lineage, the warrior caste is the foremost. Who accomplished in wisdom and conduct he is the foremost among gods and men.

JA 545

kusalā naccagītassa, sakkassa paricārikā.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
kusalā	adj	fem.nom.pl	skilled, clever, expert
naccagītassa,	noun	nt.gen.sg	of dancing and singing, acting and singing
sakkassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of Sakka, king of the Devas
paricārikā.	f	fem.nom.pl	personal attendant, handmaiden

Handmaiden of the Sakka is expert in dancing and singing.

KN-a Ja 78

gahapatiko rathā otaritvā kesesu gahetvā nāmetvā kapparapahārehi koṭṭetvā gale gahetvā āgatamaggābhimukhaṃ khipitvā pakkāmi

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
gahapatiko	noun	masc.nom.sg	householder, landowner
rathā	noun	masc.abl.sg	from chariot, coach, carriage, wagon, cart
otaritvā	verb	abs	having descended, having gone down, having entered
kesesu	noun	masc.loc.pl	in (head) hair
gahetvā	verb	abs	having grabbed hold (of), having seized, having taken
nāmetvā	verb	abs	having caused to bend, having bent someone over
kapparapahārehi	noun	masc.ins.pl	by elbow blows
koṭṭetvā	verb	abs	having pounded, having smashed, having pummeled
gale	noun	masc.loc.sg	in neck, throat
gahetvā	verb	abs	having grabbed hold (of), having seized, having taken
āgatamagga-	noun		road on which one came, way one came
abhimukhaṃ	ind	adv	towards, facing, in the direction of
khipitvā	verb	abs	having thrown, having tossed
pakkāmi	verb	aor.3.sg	went away (from), left, set off (from)

The householder descended from the chariot, grabbed (him) by the hair, caused (him) to bend, smashed him with elbow blows, grabbed him by neck, threw him in the direction of the road on which he came, and went away.

KN-a Ja 78

gahapatiko pakkhanditvā asaniṃ pātento viya khandhe paharitvā rathaṃ ādāya agamāsi

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
gahapatiko	noun	masc.nom.sg	householder, landowner
pakkhanditvā	verb	abs	having jumped forward, having sprung forward, having leaped (into)
asaniṃ	noun	fem.acc.sg	thunderbolt, lightning flash, Indras thunderbolt
pātento	prp	masc.nom.sg	of dropping down, falling
viya	ind		like, as
khandhe	noun	masc.loc.sg	in shoulder
paharitvā	verb	abs	having beaten; having hit; having struck.
rathaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	chariot, coach, carriage, wagon, cart
ādāya	verb	ger	taking, holding
agamāsi	verb	aor.3.sg	went (to), left (for)

The householder jumped forward, like dropping thunderbolt, beat (him) to the shoulder, holding the chariot he left away.

KN-a Dh.p.1.2.1

atha seṭṭhi taṃ sīse cumbitvā parivāratthāya tassā pañca itthisatāni datvā taṃ attano jeṭṭhadhītuṭṭhāne ṭhapesi

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
atha	ind		then, also, and so, after that
seṭṭhi	noun	masc.nom.sg	banker, treasurer, wealthy man, lit. foremost
taṃ	pron	fem.acc.sg	her
sīse	noun	masc.loc.sg	in head
cumbitvā	verb	abs	having kissed
parivāra-	noun		retinue, associates, entourage
atthāya	noun	masc.dat.sg	for the purpose (of), for the sake (of), for the good (of)
tassā	pron	fem.dat.sg	to her, for her, to that, for that
pañca	adj	-.acc.pl	five (5)
itthi-satāni	noun	nt.acc.pl	hundred women
datvā	verb	abs	having given, having offered, having donated
taṃ	pron	fem.acc.sg	her
attano	noun	masc.gen.sg	of self, of oneself, ones own, my own
jeṭṭha-	adj		first, eldest, foremost
dhītu-	noun		daughter
ṭhāne	noun	nt.loc.sg	in position, station, role
ṭhapesi	verb	aor.3.sg	appointed, established, set up

Then the banker kissed her on the head, gave to her five hundred women as a retinue, and established her in position of his eldest daughter.

15.KN-a Dh.p.1.1.7

ekassa paccekabuddhassa jātassaraṃ oruyha nhāyantassa tīre ṭhapitesu kāsāvesu cīvaraṃ thenetvā tesaṃ hatthīnaṃ gamanāgamanamagge sattiṃ gahetvā sasīsaṃ pārupitvā nisīdati

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
ekassa	adj	masc.gen.sg	of / when a certain, a single
paccekabuddhassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of / when Solitary Buddha
jātassaraṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	natural lake, naturally occurring pool
oruyha	verb	ger	descending, going down
nhāyantassa	prp	masc.gen.sg	of / when bathing, taking a bath
tīre	noun	nt.loc.sg	in shore, riverbank, beach
ṭhapitesu	pp	nom.loc.pl	among placed, put down, lit. caused to stand
kāsāvesu	noun	nom.loc.pl	among brown red robes, yellow brown robes
cīvaraṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	robe of a Buddhist monk
thenetvā	verb	abs	having stolen
tesaṃ	pron	masc.gen.pl	of those, their
hatthīnaṃ	pron	masc.gen.pl	of elephants
gamanāgamana-	noun		coming and going, travelling up and down
magge	noun	masc.loc.sg	in path, in road
sattiṃ	noun	fem.acc.sg	spear, javelin, sword, weapon
gahetvā	verb	abs	having grabbed hold (of), having seized, having taken
sasīsaṃ	ind	adv	from head to toe, up to the head, lit. with head
pārupitvā	verb	abs	having covered, having wrapped
nisīdati	verb	pr.3.sg	sits, sits down

He went to the natural lake, when a certain Solitary Buddha was bathing, stole a robe of a Buddhist monk among brown red robes which were placed on the riverbank, took a spear, covered himself from head to toe, and sat on the road on which their elephants were coming and going.

DHPa

“ahaṃ mātāpitūnaṃ apassantānaṃ yeva bahi gantvā pabbajissāmī”ti.

“ahaṃ pron 1.nom.sg I

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
mātāpitūnaṃ	noun	masc.gen.sg	while mother and father, for parents
apassantānaṃ	prp	masc.gen.sg	while not seeing, not noticing, not aware
yeva	ind		just, only, even, even so, yet, also
bahi	ind		externally, outside
gantvā	verb	abs	having gone (to), having travelled (to)
pabbajissāmī”ti.	verb	fut.1.sg	I will ordain, renounce

When my mother and father are not looking, I will go outside and renounce!

Class 50¶

1 DN 16.5

tatrassa dovāriko paṇḍito viyatto medhāvī aññātānaṃ nivāretā ñātānaṃ pavesetā.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tatrassa	verb	opt.3.sg	there would be, there could be
dovāriko	noun	masc.nom.sg	gatekeeper; a janitor, a doorkeeper.
paṇḍito	adj	masc.nom.sg	wise, intelligent, learned, knowledgeable, skilled
viyatto	adj	masc.nom.sg	experienced, learned, initiated, lit. distinguished
medhāvī	adj	masc.nom.sg	intelligent man, wise man, lit. who has wisdom
aññātānaṃ	adj	masc.gen.pl	of not known, unknown, not recognised
nivāretā	noun	masc.nom.sg	who prevents, blocks, obstructs, bounces
ñātānaṃ	adj	masc.gen.pl	of known; found out; known as; well-known
pavesetā.	noun	masc.nom.sg	who allows to enter, who ushers in

There would be a gatekeeper wise, experienced and intelligent who prevents those who unknown, and who allows to enter those who well-known.

2 DN 16.39

tena kho pana samayena āyasmā mahākassapo pāvāya kusināraṃ addhānamagga-ppaṭippanno hoti mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
tena kho pana samayena			now at that time, now on that occasion
āyasmā	noun	masc.nom.sg	venerable, lit. old, respected
mahākassapo	noun	masc.nom.sg	Mahākassapa
pāvāya	noun		Pāvā
kusināraṃ	noun	fem.acc.sg	Kusinara, a city of the Mallas
addhānamagga-	noun		long road journey, main road
paṭippanno	pp	masc.nom.sg	following a path, going along, travelling
hoti	verb	pr.3.sg	there is
mahatā	adj	masc.ins.sg	with great, big
bhikkhusaṅghena.	noun	masc.ins.sg	with community of monks

Now at that time venerable Mahākassapa was travelling with big community of monks on the main road to Pāvā, Kusinara.

DHP 178

pathabyā ekarajjena, saggassa gamanena vā, sabbalokādhipaccena, sotāpatti-phalaṃ varaṃ.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
pathabyā=pathaviyā	noun	fem.gen.sg	of earth, of whole wide world
ekarajjena,	noun	nt.ins.sg	with sole rulership, sole dominion, sovereign power
saggassa	noun	fem.gen.sg	of heaven, state of happiness
gamanena	noun	nt.ins.sg	with going, walking, journeying, travelling
vā,	ind		or, either or
sabbaloka-	noun		whole world, every world
ādhipaccena,	noun	nt.ins.sg	ruler-ship, lord-ship, presidency
sotāpattiphalaṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	fruit of entering the stream
varaṃ.	ind		better (than), preferable (to)

The fruit of entering the stream is better than sole rulership of whole wide world or going to heaven or ruler-ship over the entire universe.

4 DN 19.8

ko nu kho, bho, pahoti imaṃ mahāpathaviṃ uttarena āyataṃ dakkhiṇena sakaṭamukhaṃ sattadhā samaṃ suvibhattaṃ vibhajitunti?

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
ko	pron	masc.nom.sg	who? what? which?
nu kho,	ind		does? is? would?
bho,	noun	masc.voc.sg	sir, master, friend, good man, you (respectful address)
pahoti	verb	pr.3.sg	is able (to), is capable (of), is qualified (to)
imaṃ	pron	fem.acc.sg	this
mahāpathaviṃ	noun	fem.acc.sg	great earth
uttarena	ind	adv	in a northern direction; to the north (of, acc., gen., abl.)
āyataṃ	adj	fem.acc.sg	wide, broad, extended
dakkhiṇena	ind	adv	in a southern direction; to the south (of, acc., gen., abl.)
sakaṭamukhaṃ	adj	fem.acc.sg	tapering to the front lit. front of a cart
sattadhā	ind		in 7 pieces
samaṃ	ind		evenly, equally, similarly, likewise
suvibhattaṃ	pp	fem.acc.sg	well divided, evenly divided
vibhajitunti?	verb	inf	to divide

O sir, who is able to divide evenly this great earth, broad in a northern direction and tapering to the front in a southern direction, evenly in 7 pieces?

5 DN 16.29

cattārimāni, ānanda, saddhassa kulaputtassa dassanīyāni saṃvejanīyāni ṭhānāni.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
cattār	adj	nt.nom.pl	four (4)
imāni,	pron	nt.nom.pl	these
ānanda,	noun	masc.voc.sg	o Ānanda!
saddhassa	adj	masc.dat.sg	for faithful, confident, believing
kulaputtassa	noun	masc.dat.sg	for son of a good family, respectable young man, young gentleman
dassanīyāni	adj	nt.nom.pl	good to see (for), beautiful to behold (by)
saṃvejanīyāni	adj	nt.nom.pl	with awe, with reverence, lit. should cause to be awed
ṭhānāni.	noun	nt.nom.pl	places

o Ānanda! These four places is good to see with reverence for faithful son of a good family.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
6			UD 69

atha kho te thūṇeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā udapānaṃ tiṇassa ca bhusassa ca yāva mukhato pūresuṃ, mā te muṇḍakā samaṇakā pānīyaṃ apaṃsūti

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
atha kho	idiom		then, and then, after that
te	pron	masc.nom.pl	they, those
thūṇeyyakā	adj	masc.nom.pl	people of Thūṇa.
brāhmaṇa-gahapatikā	noun	masc.nom.pl	priests and householders
udapānaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	well, lit. water drinking
tiṇassa	noun	nt.gen.sg	of grass, straw
ca	ind		and
bhusassa	noun	nt.gen.sg	chaff, husk, straw, debris
ca	ind		and
yāva	ind		as long as, as far as, up to, until, from ... to
mukhato	noun	masc.abl.sg	from front part, front, top
pūresuṃ	verb	aor.3.pl	they filled up, made full
mā	ind		do not, may one not, dont let
te	pron	masc.nom.pl	they, those
muṇḍakā	noun	masc.nom.pl	shaveling, skinhead, baldy
samaṇakā	noun	masc.nom.pl	low ascetics, worthless ascetics, lit. little ascetics
pānīyaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	water, drinking water, lit. drinkable
apaṃsūti	verb	aor.3.pl	they drank

And then those priests and householders of Thūṇa filled up the well up to the top with grass and chaff. They didt let drink water for baldy low ascetics.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
7			DN 19

rājā disampati bhoto jotipālassa māṇavassa dassanakāmoti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
rājā	noun	masc.nom.sg	king
disampati	noun	masc.nom.sg	lord of the directions, Disampati
bhoto	noun	masc.gen.sg	of sir, for master, for you
jotipālassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of Jotipāla
māṇavassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of young man, young gentleman, young Brahman
dassanakāmoti.	adj	masc.nom.sg	wishes to see, wants to see

The king Disampati wants to see young Brahman master Jotipāla.

8 AN 1.601

amataṃ tesaṃ, bhikkhave, paribhuttaṃ yesaṃ kāyagatāsati paribhuttāti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
amataṃ	noun	nt.nom.sg	deathless, immortality
tesaṃ,	pron	masc.dat.pl	for them, to them, to those
paribhuttaṃ	pp	nt.nom.sg	consumed, eaten, enjoyed
yesaṃ	pron	masc.dat.pl	for whoever, for whom, for which, for such and such
kāyagatāsati	noun	fem.nom.sg	awareness immersed in the body, dwelling in the body, lit. mindfulness gone into the body
paribhuttāti.	pp	fem.nom.sg	consumed, eaten, enjoyed

Whoever enjoyed awareness immersed in the body (32 parts of the body), those enjoyed deathless.

9 DN 30.10

dātā ca ahosi sukhumānaṃ mudukānaṃ attharaṇānaṃ pāvuraṇānaṃ

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
dātā	noun	masc.nom.sg	giver, donor, bestower
ca	ind		and
ahosi	verb	aor.3.sg	was, existed, became
sukhumānaṃ	adj	masc.gen.pl	of fine quality, exquisite
mudukānaṃ	adj	masc.gen.pl	of soft, delicate, comfortable
attharaṇānaṃ	noun	nt.gen.pl	of spread, cover, sheet
pāvuraṇānaṃ	noun	nt.gen.pl	of blanket, mantle, cover

And he was a giver of fine quality soft sheets and blankets.

10 DN 22.5

seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ubhato-mukhā putoḷi pūrā nānāvihitassa dhaññassa, seyyathidaṃ: sālīnaṃ vīhīnaṃ muggānaṃ māsānaṃ

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
seyyathāpi,	ind		just like, as if, imagine if
ubhato-mukhā	adj	fem.nom.sg	(bag) with an opening at each end
putoḷi	noun	fem.nom.sg	sowing bag (with an opening at each end)
pūrā	adj	fem.nom.sg	full (of), filled (with)
nānāvihitassa	adj	masc.gen.sg	of various kinds of, many different
dhaññassa	noun	nt.gen.sg	of grain
seyyathidaṃ:	ind		i.e., as follows, lit. (like) that like this
sālīnaṃ	noun	masc.gen.pl	of rice grains
vīhīnaṃ	noun	masc.gen.pl	of rice paddy
muggānaṃ	noun	masc.gen.pl	of mung beans
māsānaṃ	noun	masc.gen.pl	of beans

Just like sowing bag with an opening at each end full of various kinds of grains, i.e. rice grains, rice paddy, mung beans, beans @

11 AN 3.13

so ca hoti ... na lābhī annassa pānassa vatthassa yānassa mālā-gandha-vilepanassa

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
so	pron	masc.nom.sg	he, that
ca	ind		but
hoti	verb	pr.3.sg	is, there is
na	ind		no, not, neither, nor
lābhī	noun	masc.nom.sg	one who gains, who gets, who has
annassa	noun	nt.gen.sg	of food
pānassa	noun	nt.gen.sg	of drink, beverage
vatthassa	noun	nt.gen.sg	of cloth, clothes, robe
yānassa	noun	nt.gen.sg	of vehicle, carriage, wagon etc.
mālā-gandha-vilepanassa	m.gen.s		of garlands, perfumes and oils

But he is not one who gains food, drink, cloth, vehicle, garlands, perfumes and oils.

12 MN 2.5

idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso khamo hoti sītassa uṇhassa, jighacchāya pipāsāya.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
idha,	ind		here, now, in this world
bhikkhu	noun	masc.nom.sg	monk
paṭisaṅkhā	verb	ger	reflecting, carefully considering
yoniso	ind		properly, prudently, thoroughly, intelligently
khamo	adj	masc.nom.sg	patient (with), forbearing (with), enduring (of)
hoti	verb	pr.3.sg	is, there is
sītassa	noun	nt.gen.sg	of cool; cold
uṇhassa	noun	nt.gen.sg	of hot, heat
jighacchāya	noun	fem.gen.sg	of hunger, lit. desiring to eat
pipāsāya.	noun	fem.gen.sg	of thirst

Here monk reflecting properly is enduring of cold, heat, hunger and thirst.

13 DN 4.3

samaṇo khalu bho gotamo rañño pasenadissa kosalassa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
samaṇo	noun	masc.nom.sg	ascetic, renunciant, holy man, monk, recluse
khalu	ind		indeed, surely
bho	noun	masc.nom.sg	sir, master, friend, good man, you (respectful address)
gotamo	noun	masc.nom.sg	Gotama, of the Gotama family
rañño	noun	masc.gen.sg	of king, for king
pasenadissa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of Pasenadi
kosalassa	noun	masc.gen.sg	of of Kosala Kingdom
sakkato	pp	masc.nom.sg	honoured
garukato	pp	masc.nom.sg	respected, honoured, worshipped
mānito	pp	masc.nom.sg	esteemed, honoured, respected, worshipped
pūjito	pp	masc.nom.sg	worshipped, venerated, honoured

Recluse master Gotama indeed was honoured, respected, esteemed and worshipped by Pasenadi king of Kosala Kingdom

KN-a Dh.p.1.4.12

dvinnaṃ gehānaṃ antare ubhato dīghaṃ āvāṭaṃ khaṇāpetvā gūthakalalassa pūrāpesi.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
dvinnaṃ	adj,	x gen pl	of two
gehānaṃ	noun	masc.gen.pl	of houses, dwellings
antare	ind		in between, inside (of), among
ubhato	ind		both, on both sides, in both ways, dually
dīghaṃ	adj	masc.acc.sg	long (in space or time), tall
āvāṭaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	pit, hole, trench, trap for animal catching
khaṇāpetvā	verb	abs	having caused to dig, had dug
gūtha-	noun		excrement, dung, ordure
kalalassa	noun	nt.gen.sg	of mud, mire, dirt, filth
pūrāpesi.	verb	aor.3.sg	caused to fill, made filled

He had a hole dug between two houses long on both sides and made it filled with filth and excrement.

Vin-a 1

rañño imaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ passantassa pītiyā nirantaraṃ phuṭa-sarīrassa añjaliṃ paggahetvā ṭhitasseva mahābodhi mūlasatena suvaṇṇakaṭāhe patiṭṭhāsi.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
rañño	noun	masc.gen.sg	when king
imaṃ	pron	nt.acc.sg	this
pāṭihāriyaṃ	noun	nt.acc.sg	miracle, wonder, lit. against the norm
passantassa	prp	masc.gen.sg	when seeing
pītiyā	noun	fem	delight, joy, rapture, bliss
nirantaraṃ	ind		endlessly, immediately, continuously
phuṭa-	pp	permeated (with), pervaded (with), suffused (with),	filled (with)
sarīrassa	noun	nt.gen.sg	of body
añjaliṃ	noun	fem.acc.sg	raised palms together as a token of respect
paggahetvā	verb	abs	having held up, having stretched out (hands in supplication), lit. having held forward
ṭhitasseva	pp	masc.gen.sg	just when stood, stood still, standing
mahābodhi	noun	fem.nom.sg	great Bodhi tree
mūlasatena	adj	masc.ins.sg	with 100 roots (of Bodhi tree)
suvaṇṇakaṭāhe	noun	masc.loc.sg	in golden vase, golden flower pot
patiṭṭhāsi.	verb	aor.3.sg	planted itself, established itself

While the king was standing there and seeing this miracle, immediately his body was suffused with bliss. He stretched out raised palms together as a token of respect. And great Bodhi tree was established by itself with 100 roots in golden vase.

KN-a Dh.p.1.1.3

“eso, mahārāja, maṃ jaṭāsu ca gīvāya ca akkami, nāhaṃ etaṃ kūṭajaṭilaṃ khamāpemī”ti.

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
“eso,	pron	masc.nom.sg	this
mahārāja,	noun	masc.voc.sg	o great king, supreme ruler

maṃ pron 1.acc.sg me (object)

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
jaṭāsu	noun	fem.loc.pl	in dreadlocks
ca	ind		and
gīvāya	noun	fem.loc.sg	in neck
ca	ind		and
akkami,	verb	aor.3.sg	stepped (on), trod (on)

nāhaṃ pron 1.nom.sg I not

Pāli	POS	Grammar	English
etaṃ	pron	masc.acc.sg	this
kūṭajaṭilaṃ	noun	masc.acc.sg	crooked dread-locked ascetic, false monk
khamāpemī”ti.	verb	pr.1.sg	I apologise, pardon, forgive

O great king, this man trod on my dreadlocks and neck. I do not forgive this false monk.