Verses¶
Going to True and False Refuges
Khemākhema-saraṇa-gamana
[Dhp 188]
bahuṃ ve saraṇaṃ yanti – pabbatāni vanāni ca
ārāma-rukkha-cetyāni – manussā bhaya-tajjitā
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| bahuṃ | adj | nt.acc.sg | many, much, lots (of), a lot (of) |
| ve | ind | indeed, truly, really | |
| saraṇaṃ | noun | nt.acc.sg | shelter, refuge, help, lit. protection |
| yanti | verb | pr.3.pl | they go, go to, go forward, proceed, travel |
| pabbatāni | noun | nt.acc.pl | mountains, hills |
| vanāni | noun | nt.acc.pl | woods, forests, jungles |
| ca | ind | and | |
| ārāma- | noun | park, parkland, nature reserve | |
| rukkha- | noun | tree | |
| cetyāni | noun | nt.acc.pl | shrines |
| manussā | noun | masc.nom.pl | human beings, men, people |
| bhayatajjitā | adj | masc.nom.pl | startled by fear, threatened by danger |
To many a refuge they go - to mountains and forests, to parkland and tree shrines -people startled by fear.
[Dhp 189]
n'etaṃ kho saraṇaṃ khemaṃ – n'etaṃ saraṇam-uttamaṃ
n'etaṃ saraṇam-āgamma – sabba-dukkhā pamuccati
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| n'etaṃ | pron | nt.nom.sg | this not |
| kho | ind | indeed, surely, certainly, truly | |
| saraṇaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | shelter, refuge, help, lit. protection |
| khemaṃ | adj | nt.nom.sg | safe, secure |
| n'etaṃ | pron | nt.nom.sg | this not |
| saraṇaṃ- | noun | nt.nom.sg | shelter, refuge, help, lit. protection |
| uttamaṃ | adj | nt.nom.sg | best, highest, ultimate, supreme, top |
| n'etaṃ | pron | nt.nom.sg | this not |
| saraṇaṃ- | noun | nt.acc.sg | shelter, refuge, help, lit. protection |
| āgamma | verb | ger | coming (to), arriving (at), meeting (with) |
| sabbadukkhā | noun | nt.abl.sg | from all suffering, all pain, all stress, all discomfort |
| pamuccati | verb | pr.3.sg | is freed (from), is liberated (from) |
This refuge is not secure , this refuge is not supreme, arriving to this refuge one is not liberated from all suffering.
[Dhp 190]
yo ca buddhañ-ca dhammañ-ca – saṅghañ-ca saraṇaṃ gato
cattāri ariya-saccāni – sammappaññāya passati
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| yo | pron | masc.nom.sg | whoever, whatever, whichever |
| ca | ind | but | |
| buddhañ'ca | noun | masc.acc.sg | and the Buddha |
| dhammañ'ca | noun | masc.acc.sg | and the Dhamma, Teaching |
| saṅghañ'ca | noun | masc.acc.sg | and the Saṅgha, Community |
| saraṇaṃ | noun | nt.acc.sg | shelter, refuge, help, lit. protection |
| gato | pp | masc.nom.sg | has gone (to), went (for) |
| cattāri | adj | nt.acc.pl | four (4) |
| ariya-saccāni | noun | nt.acc.pl | noble truth |
| sammappaññāya | noun | fem.ins.sg | with correct understanding, with perfect wisdom |
| passati | verb | pr.3.sg | sees, finds, understands |
But whoever has gone for refuge to the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Saṅgha – he sees the four noble truths with perfect wisdom.
[Dhp 191]
dukkhaṃ dukkha-samuppādaṃ – dukkhassa ca atikkamaṃ
ariyañ-c'aṭṭh'aṅgikaṃ maggaṃ – dukkhūpasama-gāminaṃ
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| dukkhaṃ | noun | nt.acc.sg | suffering, pain, unease, unsatisfactory, problem, trouble |
| dukkha-samuppādaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | origin of suffering, arising of discomfort |
| dukkhassa | noun | nt.gen.sg | of suffering, pain, unease, unsatisfactory, problem |
| ca | ind | and | |
| atikkamaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | surpassing, transcending, going beyond, overcoming |
| ariyaṃ- | adj | nom.acc.sg | noble, distinguished |
| ca- | ind | and | |
| aṭṭh'aṅgikaṃ | adj | masc.acc.sg | with eight parts; eight-limbed |
| maggaṃ | noun | masc.acc.sg | road, path, way |
| dukkhūpasama- | noun | calming of suffering, relief from suffering, alleviation of suffering | |
| gāminaṃ | adj | masc.acc.sg | going, leading to |
Suffering and its origin, and that which is going beyond suffering, the noble eightfold path leading to relief from suffering.
[Dhp 192]
etaṃ kho saraṇaṃ khemaṃ – etaṃ saraṇam-uttamaṃ
etaṃ saraṇam-āgamma – sabba-dukkhā pamuccati
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| etaṃ | pron | nt.nom.sg | this |
| kho | ind | indeed, surely, certainly, truly | |
| saraṇaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | shelter, refuge, help, lit. protection |
| khemaṃ | adj | nt.nom.sg | safe, secure |
| etaṃ | pron | nt.nom.sg | this |
| saraṇaṃ- | noun | nt.nom.sg | shelter, refuge, help, lit. protection |
| uttamaṃ | adj | nt.nom.sg | best, highest, ultimate, supreme, top |
| etaṃ | pron | nt.nom.sg | this |
| saraṇaṃ- | noun | nt.acc.sg | shelter, refuge, help, lit. protection |
| āgamma | verb | ger | coming (to), arriving (at), meeting (with) |
| sabbadukkhā | noun | nt.abl.sg | from all suffering, all pain, all stress, all discomfort |
| pamuccati | verb | pr.3.sg | is freed (from), is liberated (from) |
This refuge is secure, this refuge is supreme, arriving to this refuge one is liberated from all suffering.