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Teachings

Anupubba-Sikkhā

The Gradual Training

[MN 27 / 38 / 51]

taṃ dhammaṃ suṇāti gahapati vā gahapatiputto vā aññatarasmiṃ vā kule paccājāto. so taṃ dhammaṃ sutvā tathāgate saddhaṃ paṭilabhati. so tena saddhāpaṭilābhena samannāgato iti paṭisañcikkhati:

Pāli POS Grammar English
taṃ pron masc.acc.sg that
dhammaṃ noun masc.acc.sg teaching; discourse; doctrine
suṇāti verb pr.3.sg hears, listens
gahapati noun masc.nom.sg householder, landowner, lit. house master
ind or
gahapati-putto noun masc.nom.sg householder's son
ind or
aññatarasmiṃ pron masc.loc.sg in a certain, a
ind or
kule noun masc.loc.sg in family, house, household
paccājāto pp masc.nom.sg reborn, came to a new existence

ouseholder or householder's son, or one who came to a new existence in a certain family hears that Teaching.

Pāli POS Grammar English
so pron masc.nom.sg he
taṃ pron masc.acc.sg that
dhammaṃ noun masc.acc.sg Teaching
sutvā verb abs having heard, having listened
tathāgate noun masc.loc.sg in the Such Become, Realised
saddhaṃ noun fem.acc.sg faith, confidence
paṭilabhati verb pr.3.sg obtains, receives, gets

Having heard the Teaching he obtains confidence in the Such Become.

Pāli POS Grammar English
so pron masc.nom.sg he
tena pron masc.ins.sg with that, by that
saddhā- noun faith, confidence
paṭilābhena noun masc.ins.sg with personal acquisition (of), obtaining (of) gaining (of)
samannāgato adj masc.nom.sg possessing, endowed (with), having
iti ind thus, this is, and so
paṭisañcikkhati verb pr.3.sg reflects, considers

Endowed with that confidence, he considers thus:

sambādho gharāvāso rajopatho abbhokāso pabbajjā. nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ.

Pāli POS Grammar English
sambādho adj masc.nom.sg oppressive, crowded, inconvenient.
gharāvāso noun masc.nom.sg living in a household; household life; family life.
rajo-patho masc.nom.sg dusty, dirty , lit: condition of dust, state of dirt
abbhokāso noun masc.nom.sg open space, open air
pabbajjā noun fem.nom.sg ordination, renunciation
na-y-idaṃ pron nt.nom.sg this is not
sukaraṃ adj nt.nom.sg easily done, easy to do
agāraṃ noun nt.acc.sg dwelling, building, house, hut
ajjhāvasatā prp masc.ins.sg by living, inhabiting
ekanta- adj absolute, total, perfect, complete
paripuṇṇaṃ pp nt.acc.sg completed, perfected, fulfilled, accomplished
ekanta- adj absolute, total, perfect, complete
parisuddhaṃ pp nt.acc.sg clean, pure, bright
saṅkha-likhitaṃ adj nt.acc.sg polished like mother-of-pearl, bright, perfect
brahmacariyaṃ noun nt.acc.sg spiritual path, holy life, celibacy
carituṃ verb inf to act, to behave, to live

Household life is crowded and dusty, renunciation is an open air. It is not easy, by living in the house, to lead the holy life absolutely perfect, completely pure and polished like mother-of-pearl.

yan'nūn'āhaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajeyyan'ti.

Pāli POS Grammar English
yannūnāhaṃ what if I, maybe I should, let me
kesamassuṃ noun nt.acc.sg hair and beard
ohāretvā verb abs having shaved, lit. having caused to take down
kāsāyāni adj nt.acc.pl brownish, colour of Buddhist monks' robes
vatthāni noun nt.acc.pl clothes, robes
acchādetvā verb abs having dressed (in), having clothed oneself (in) having put on
agārasmā noun nt.abl.sg from household life, domestic life
anagāriyaṃ noun nt.acc.sg homelessness
pabbajeyyaṃ verb opt.refl.1.sg would ordain as monk, could renounce the household life, go forth

What if I shaving hair and beard, putting on brownish robes, could go forth from household life to the homelessness.

so aparena samayena appaṃ vā bhogakkhandhaṃ pahāya mahantaṃ vā bhogakkhandhaṃ pahāya appaṃ vā ñātiparivaṭṭaṃ pahāya mahantaṃ vā ñātiparivaṭṭaṃ pahāya kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati.

Pāli POS Grammar English
so pron masc.nom.sg he
aparena samayena idioṃ at another time, later
appaṃ adj masc.acc.sg short, small, insignificant
ind or
bhogakkhandhaṃ noun masc.acc.sg mass of wealth, mountain of wealth
pahāya verb ger leaving behind, giving up, abandoning
mahantaṃ adj masc.acc.sg great, large, powerful, grand, mighty, vast
ind or
bhogakkhandhaṃ noun masc.acc.sg mass of wealth, mountain of wealth
pahāya verb ger leaving behind, giving up, abandoning
appaṃ adj masc.acc.sg short, small, insignificant
ind or
ñātiparivaṭṭaṃ noun masc.acc.sg the circle of relations.
pahāya verb ger leaving behind, giving up, abandoning
mahantaṃ adj masc.acc.sg great, large, powerful, grand, mighty, vast
ind or
ñātiparivaṭṭaṃ noun masc.acc.sg the circle of relations.
pahāya verb ger leaving behind, giving up, abandoning
kesamassuṃ noun nt.acc.sg hair and beard
ohāretvā verb abs having shaved, lit. having caused to take down
kāsāyāni adj nt.acc.pl brownish, colour of Buddhist monks' robes
vatthāni noun nt.acc.pl clothes, robes
acchādetvā verb abs having dressed (in), having clothed oneself (in) having put on
agārasmā noun nt.abl.sg from household life, domestic life
anagāriyaṃ noun nt.acc.sg homelessness
pabbajati verb pr.3.sg ordains as monk, renounces the household life goes forth

Later leaving behind small or large mass of wealth, leaving behind small or large circle of relations, shaving hair and beard, putting on brownish robes, he goes forth from household life to the homelessness.

[MN 107]

sakkā nu kho bho gotama imasmim'pi dhammavinaye evam'eva anupubbasikkhā anupubbakiriyā anupubbapaṭipadā paññapetun"ti?

Pāli POS Grammar English
sakkā ind adv it is possible
nu kho ind ? (integation)
bho gotama noun masc.voc.sg master Gotama
imasmiṃ api pron masc.loc.sg in this also
dhamma-vinaye noun masc.loc.sg in Teaching and Discipline
evaṃ eva ind similarly, just like this
anupubba-sikkhā noun fem.acc.pl gradual training
anupubba-kiriyā noun fem.acc.pl gradual activity
anupubba-paṭipadā noun fem.acc.pl gradual practice
paññapetuṃ iti? verb inf to define; to declare; to describe; lit. to make known

Is it possible, master Gotama, just like this, to define gradual training, gradual activity, gradual practice in this Teaching and Discipline?

"sakkā imasmimpi dhammavinaye anupubbasikkhā anupubbakiriyā anupubbapaṭipadā paññapetuṃ.

Pāli POS Grammar English
sakkā ind adv it is possible
imasmim'pi pron masc.loc.sg in this too
dhamma-vinaye noun masc.loc.sg in Teaching and Discipline
anupubba-sikkhā noun fem.nom.sg gradual training
anupubba-kiriyā noun fem.nom.sg gradual action
anupubba-paṭipadā noun fem.nom.sg gradual practice
paññapetuṃ verb inf to regulates or make a rule; makes known; declares; prepares, define

Is it possible to define gradual training, gradual doing, gradual practice in this Teaching and Discipline.

tathāgato purisadammaṃ labhitvā paṭhamaṃ evaṃ vineti.

Pāli POS Grammar English
tathāgato noun masc.nom.sg the Tathagata
purisadammaṃ noun masc.acc.sg a person to be trained or converted
labhitvā verb abs having got; having obtained; having attained.
paṭhamaṃ ind adv at first; for the first time
evaṃ ind like this
vineti verb pr.3.sg trains, instructs, disciplines

The Tathagata, having taken on a man to be tamed, first of all disciplines him like this

ehi tvaṃ bhikkhu sīlavā hohi pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharāhi ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī samādāya sikkhassu sikkhāpadesū'ti.

Pāli POS Grammar English
ehi tvaṃ verb imp.2.sg come you!
bhikkhu noun masc.voc.sg o monk!
sīlavā noun masc.nom.sg virtuous; observing the moral practices
hohi verb imp.2.sg you must be
pātimokkha- noun a collection of precepts contained in the Vinaya
saṃvara- noun restraint
saṃvuto pp masc.nom.sg restrained; shut; covered
viharāhi verb imp.2.sg you must live; dwell
ācāra- noun conduct; behaviour; practice
gocara- noun field of work, suitable place
sampanno pp masc.nom.sg accomplished, fulfilled, completed, become endowed with
aṇumattesu adj masc.loc.pl in very small size; tiny
vajjesu noun masc.loc.pl in faults
bhayadassāvī noun masc.nom.sg one, realising the danger
samādāya verb abs having accepted
sikkhassu verb imp.ref.2.sg you must train yourself
sikkhāpadesū'”ti noun nt.loc.pl in precepts; religious rules

Come you, monk, be of moral habit, you must live restrained and controlled by the precepts, you should be accomplished in behaviour and pasture, realising the danger in the slightest fault and, having accepted rules, train yourself in according to them.

[MN 51]

so evaṃ pabbajito samāno bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti

Pāli POS Grammar English
so pron masc.nom.sg he
evaṃ ind thus, this, like this, just as, such
pabbajito pp masc.nom.sg ordained, renounced
samāno prp masc.nom.sg being, existing
bhikkhūnaṃ noun masc.gen.pl of monks
sikkhā- noun training, practice
sājīva- noun mode of living, lifestyle, way of life
samāpanno pp masc.nom.sg undertaken, engaged in
pāṇātipātaṃ noun masc.acc.sg killing living beings
pahāya verb ger leaving behind, giving up, abandoning
pāṇātipātā noun masc.abl.sg from killing living beings
paṭivirato pp masc.nom.sg abstained (from), desisted (from)
hoti verb pr.3.sg he is

Having thus gone forth and undertaken the monks' training and way of life, abandoning the killing of living beings, he abstains from killing living beings

nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho, lajjī dayāpanno sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharati.

Pāli POS Grammar English
nihitadaṇḍo adj masc.nom.sg put down a stick
nihitasattho adj masc.nom.sg put down a weapon
lajjī adj masc.nom.sg who has conscience, sensitive
dayāpanno adj masc.nom.sg compassionate, sympathetic, full of kindness lit. accomplished in kindness
sabba- adj all
pāṇabhūta- noun living beings, lit. breathing beings
hitānukampī adj masc.nom.sg compassionate for the welfare of, concerned for the good of
viharati verb pr.3.sg lives, stays, remains, continues

With rod and weapon laid aside, conscientious, full of kindness, he abides compassionate for the welfare of all living beings.

adinnādānaṃ pahāya adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti dinnādāyī dinnapāṭikaṅkhī, athenena sucibhūtena attanā viharati.

Pāli POS Grammar English
adinnādānaṃ noun nt.acc.sg theft, stealing, lit. taking what is not given
pahāya verb ger leaving behind, giving up, abandoning
adinnādānā noun nt.abl.sg from theft, stealing, lit. taking what is not given
paṭivirato pp masc.nom.sg abstained (from), desisted (from)
hoti verb pr.3.sg he is
dinnādāyī adj masc.nom.sg taking (only) what is given.
dinnapāṭikaṅkhī adj masc.nom.sg wishing for only what is given.
athenena adj masc.ins.sg by not stealing
suci-bhūtena adj masc.ins.sg by being clean, becoming pure
attanā noun masc.ins.sg with oneself, by oneself
viharati verb pr.3.sg lives, stays, remains, continues

Abandoning the taking of what is not given, he abstains from taking what is not given; taking only what is given, expecting only what is given, by not stealing he abides in purity.

abrahmacariyaṃ pahāya brahmacārī hoti ārācārī virato methunā gāmadhammā.

Pāli POS Grammar English
abrahmacariyaṃ noun nt.acc.sg unchasity, uncelibacy
pahāya verb ger leaving behind, giving up, abandoning
brahmacārī noun masc.nom.sg celibate person, one living the holy life
hoti verb pr.3.sg he is
ārācārī adj masc.nom.sg living far from, apart
virato pp masc.nom.sg stopped, abstained (from), given up, desisted
methunā noun masc.abl.sg from sexual intercourse, sexual activity
gāmadhammā noun masc.abl.sg from vulgar practice, vile conduct

Abandoning uncelibacy, he is a celibate person, living apart, abstaining from the vulgar practice of sexual intercourse.

musāvādaṃ pahāya musāvādā paṭivirato hoti saccavādī saccasandho theto paccayiko avisaṃvādako lokassa.

Pāli POS Grammar English
musāvādaṃ noun masc.acc.sg lying, false speech, lit. speaking falsely
pahāya verb ger leaving behind, giving up, abandoning
musāvādā noun masc.abl.sg from lying, false speech , lit. speaking falsely
paṭivirato pp masc.nom.sg abstained (from), desisted (from)
hoti verb pr.3.sg he is
saccavādī adj masc.nom.sg one who speaks the truth
saccasandho adj masc.nom.sg reliable
theto adj masc.nom.sg firm; trustworthy; sure, certain
paccayiko adj masc.nom.sg trustworthy
avisaṃvādako adj masc.nom.sg not deceiving, not lying
lokassa noun masc.dat.sg to the world

Abandoning false speech, he abstains from false speech; he speaks truth, adheres to truth, is trustworthy and reliable, one who is not deceiving the world.

pisuṇaṃ vācaṃ pahāya pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti, ito sutvā na amutra akkhātā imesaṃ bhedāya, amutra vā sutvā na imesaṃ akkhātā amūsaṃ bhedāya

Pāli POS Grammar English
pisuṇaṃ adj fem.acc.sg divisive, defamatory, slanderous, backbiting
vācaṃ noun fem.acc.sg speech, words, statement
pahāya verb ger leaving behind, giving up, abandoning
pisuṇāya adj fem.abl.sg from divisive, defamatory, slanderous backbiting
vācāya noun fem.abl.sg from speech, words, statement
paṭivirato pp masc.nom.sg abstained (from), desisted (from)
hoti verb pr.3.sg he is
ito ind from here (place)
sutvā verb abs having heard, having listened (to)
na ind not
amutra ind there, in such-and-such a place
akkhātā noun masc.nom.sg speaker, who tells
imesaṃ pron masc.gen.pl of them, for those
bhedāya noun masc.dat.sg for breaking-up (of), breaking apart (of)
amutra ind there, in such-and-such a place
ind or
sutvā verb abs having heard, having listened (to)
na ind not
imesaṃ pron masc.dat.pl for them, for those
akkhātā noun masc.nom.sg speaker, who tells
amūsaṃ pron masc.gen.pl for those, so and so
bhedāya noun masc.dat.sg for breaking-up (of), breaking apart (of)

Abandoning backbiting speech, he abstains from backbiting speech; he does not repeat elsewhere what he has heard here in order to divide those people, nor does he repeat to these people what he has heard elsewhere in order to divide those people

iti bhinnānaṃ vā sandhātā sahitānaṃ vā anuppadātā samaggārāmo samaggarato samagganandī samaggakaraṇiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti.

Pāli POS Grammar English
iti ind thus, this is, and so
bhinnānaṃ pp masc.gen.pl of split, split apart, broken, divided
ind or
sandhātā noun masc.nom.sg reconciler, conciliator, lit. who puts together
sahitānaṃ adj masc.gen.pl of united, on friendly terms
ind or
anuppadātā noun masc.nom.sg who increases, who gives more
samaggārāmo adj masc.nom.sg delighting in concord, enjoying peace
samaggarato adj masc.nom.sg who enjoys unity, who is fond of concord who likes harmony
samagganandī adj masc.nom.sg who enjoys concord, who delights in peace
samaggakaraṇiṃ adj fem.acc.sg peace-making
vācaṃ noun fem.acc.sg speech, words, statement
bhāsitā noun masc.nom.sg speaker
hoti verb pr.3.sg he is

Thus he is reconciler those who are divided, a promoter of friendships, who enjoys concord, rejoices in concord, delights in concord, a speaker of peace-making words.

pharusaṃ vācaṃ pahāya pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti, yā sā vācā nelā kaṇṇasukhā pemanīyā hadayaṅgamā porī bahujanakantā bahujanamanāpā tathārūpiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti.

Pāli POS Grammar English
pharusaṃ adj fem.acc.sg (of speech) unkind, harsh, rough
vācaṃ noun fem.acc.sg speech, words, statement
pahāya verb ger leaving behind, giving up, abandoning
pharusāya adj fem.abl.sg from unkind, harsh, rough
vācāya noun fem.abl.sg from speech, words, statement
paṭivirato pp masc.nom.sg abstained (from), desisted (from)
hoti verb pr.3.sg he is
pron fem.nom.sg whatever, whichever
pron fem.nom.sg that
vācā noun fem.nom.sg speech, words, statement
nelā adj fem.nom.sg polite, gentle, inoffensive, lit. without fault
kaṇṇasukhā adj fem.nom.sg easy on the ear, pleasant to hear
pemanīyā adj fem.nom.sg endearing, friendly, affectionate
hadayaṅgamā adj fem.nom.sg heart warming, from the heart, touching the heart, lit. going to the heart
porī adj fem.nom.sg urbane, polite, polished, refined
bahujana-kantā adj fem.nom.sg charming for multitude, pleasant for many people
bahujana-manāpā adj fem.nom.sg pleasant for multitude, likable for many people
tathārūpiṃ adj fem.acc.sg such, so formed, of such quality
vācaṃ noun fem.acc.sg speech, words, statement
bhāsitā noun masc.nom.sg speaker
hoti verb pr.3.sg he is

Abandoning harsh speech, he abstains from harsh speech; he is speaker of such words as are gentle, pleasing to the ear, and lovable, as go to the heart, are courteous, desired by many and agreeable to many.

samphappalāpaṃ pahāya samphappalāpā paṭivirato hoti kālavādī bhūtavādī atthavādī dhammavādī vinayavādī, nidhānavatiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā kālena sāpadesaṃ pariyantavatiṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ.

Pāli POS Grammar English
samphappalāpaṃ noun masc.acc.sg frivolous talk, idle chatter, useless talk
pahāya verb ger leaving behind, giving up, abandoning
samphappalāpā noun masc.abl.sg from frivolous talk, idle chatter, useless talk
paṭivirato pp masc.nom.sg abstained (from), desisted (from)
hoti verb pr.3.sg he is
kālavādī noun masc.nom.sg who speaks at the proper time
bhūtavādī noun masc.nom.sg who speaks what is true
atthavādī noun masc.nom.sg who speaks what is beneficial
dhammavādī noun masc.nom.sg who speaks about reality, who speaks according to the Teaching
vinayavādī noun masc.nom.sg who speaks about the discipline, who speaks in accordance with the training
nidhānavatiṃ adj fem.acc.sg worth treasuring, worth recording
vācaṃ noun fem.acc.sg speech, words, statement
bhāsitā noun masc.nom.sg speaker
kālena ind timely, at the right moment, at a suitable time, at the proper time
sāpadesaṃ adj fem.acc.sg with reason, reasonable
pariyantavatiṃ adj fem.acc.sg restricted, within limits, with defined purpose
atthasaṃhitaṃ adj fem.acc.sg profitable, meaningful, beneficial, lit. connected with good

Abandoning idle chatter, he abstains from idle chatter; he speaks at the right time, speaks what is true, speaks what is beneficial, who speaks according to the Teaching and the Discipline; at the right time he speaks such words as are worth recording, reasonable, moderate, and beneficial.

so bījagāmabhūtagāmasamārambhā paṭivirato hoti, ekabhattiko hoti rattūparato virato vikālabhojanā

Pāli POS Grammar English
so pron masc.nom.sg he
bījagāma- noun seeds, lit. seed class, seed race
bhūtagāma- noun plants, lit. collection of beings
samārambhā noun masc.abl.sg from injuring, killing, destroying
paṭivirato pp masc.nom.sg abstained (from), desisted (from)
hoti verb pr.3.sg he is
ekabhattiko adj masc.nom.sg who eats one meal a day; or eats in one (first) part of the day
hoti verb pr.3.sg he is
rattūparato adj masc.nom.sg abstaining (from eating at) night
virato pp masc.nom.sg stopped, abstained (from), given up, desisted
vikālabhojanā noun nt.abl.sg from food eaten after midday, lit. wrong time food

He abstains from injuring seeds and plants. He practises eating in the first part of the day, abstaining from eating at night and outside the proper time.

nacca-gīta-vādita-visūka-dassanā paṭivirato hoti

Pāli POS Grammar English
nacca- noun dancing, acting
gīta- noun song, singing
vādita- noun (instrumental) music
visūka- noun shows, lit. twisting, wriggling
dassanā noun nt.abl.sg from seeing, watching

He abstains from dancing, singing, music, and theatrical shows.

mālā-gandha-vilepana-dhāraṇa-maṇḍana-vibhūsana-ṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti

Pāli POS Grammar English
mālā- noun garland, wreath
gandha- noun perfume, fragrance, scent
vilepana- noun oil, unguent, ointment, cosmetics, make-up perfume
dhāraṇa- noun wearing
maṇḍana- noun adornment, embellishment
vibhūsana- noun decoration, adornment
ṭṭhānā noun nt.abl.sg from practice

He abstains from wearing garlands, smartening himself with scent, and decorating himself with cosmetics.

uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭivirato hoti

Pāli POS Grammar English
uccāsayana- noun high bed, grand bed
mahāsayanā noun nt.abl.sg from grand chair, grand bed, great couch

He abstains from high and large couches.

jātarūparajatapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti;

Pāli POS Grammar English
jātarūpa- noun gold, lit. genuine matter
rajata- noun silver
paṭiggahaṇā noun nt.abl.sg from accepting, receiving

He abstains from accepting gold and silver.

āmakadhaññapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti

Pāli POS Grammar English
āmaka- adj raw, uncooked
dhañña- noun grain
paṭiggahaṇā noun nt.abl.sg from accepting, receiving

He abstains from accepting raw grain.

āmakamaṃsapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti;

Pāli POS Grammar English
āmaka- adj raw, uncooked
maṃsa- noun meat, flesh
paṭiggahaṇā noun nt.abl.sg from accepting, receiving

He abstains from accepting raw meat.

itthikumārikapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti

Pāli POS Grammar English
itthi- noun woman, female
kumārika- noun young girl
paṭiggahaṇā noun nt.abl.sg from accepting, receiving

He abstains from accepting women and girls.

dāsidāsapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti

Pāli POS Grammar English
dāsi- noun female slave.
dāsa- noun slave, servant
paṭiggahaṇā noun nt.abl.sg from accepting, receiving

He abstains from accepting men and women slaves.

ajeḷakapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti

Pāli POS Grammar English
ajeḷaka- noun goats and sheep
paṭiggahaṇā noun nt.abl.sg from accepting, receiving

He abstains from accepting goats and sheep.

kukkuṭasūkarapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti

Pāli POS Grammar English
kukkuṭa- noun cock, chicken
sūkara- noun pig
paṭiggahaṇā noun nt.abl.sg from accepting, receiving

He abstains from accepting fowl and pigs.

hatthigavassavaḷavapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti

Pāli POS Grammar English
hatthi- noun elephant
gavassa- noun cows and horses
vaḷava- noun mare
paṭiggahaṇā noun nt.abl.sg from accepting, receiving

He abstains from accepting elephants, cattle, horses, and mares.

khettavatthupaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti

Pāli POS Grammar English
khetta- noun field, plot of land
vatthu- noun land, property, ground
paṭiggahaṇā noun nt.abl.sg from accepting, receiving

He abstains from accepting fields and land.

dūteyyapahiṇagaman'ānuyogā paṭivirato hoti

Pāli POS Grammar English
dūteyya- noun errand, message
pahiṇagamana- noun running messages, being sent as a messenger
ānuyogā noun masc.abl.sg from praxis, practice of, devotion to, pursuit of doing

He abstains from going on errands and running messages.

kayavikkayā paṭivirato hoti;

Pāli POS Grammar English
kayavikkayā noun masc.abl.sg from buying and selling, trade

He abstains from buying and selling.

tulākūṭakaṃsakūṭamānakūṭā paṭivirato hoti

Pāli POS Grammar English
tulākūṭa- noun false scales
kaṃsakūṭa- noun false metal
mānakūṭā noun masc.abl.sg from false measure, false weight

He abstains from false weights, false metals, and false measures.

ukkoṭanavañcananikatisāciyogā paṭivirato hoti

Pāli POS Grammar English
ukkoṭana- noun taking bribes, bribery, corruption, crooked dealing
vañcana- noun fraud, deception, cheating
nikati- noun cheating, fraud
sāciyogā noun masc.abl.sg from crooked dealing, deceit

He abstains from accepting bribes, deceiving, defrauding, and trickery.

chedanavadhabandhanaviparāmosaālopasahasākārā paṭivirato hoti

Pāli POS Grammar English
chedana- noun cutting, stabbing
vadha- noun killing, slaughtering
bandhana- noun tying up, kidnapping (for ransom), binding
viparāmosa- noun robbery, theft
ālopa- noun stealing, robbing, plunder
sahasākārā noun masc.abl.sg from violence, forcible activity

He abstains from wounding, murdering, binding, robbery, plunder, and violence.

so santuṭṭho hoti kāyaparihārikena cīvarena kucchiparihārikena piṇḍapātena. so yena yeneva pakkamati, samādāyeva pakkamati.

Pāli POS Grammar English
so pron masc.nom.sg he
santuṭṭho pp masc.nom.sg satisfied, pleased, content
hoti verb pr.3.sg he is
kāyaparihārikena adj masc.ins.sg with tending the body, looking after the body
cīvarena noun m.ins.s with robe
kucchiparihārikena adj masc.ins.sg with keeping up the belly, serving (only) to sustain the belly
piṇḍapātena noun masc.ins.sg with collection of alms
so pron masc.nom.sg he
yena yeneva ind anywhere, lit. wherever wherever
pakkamati verb pr.3.sg goes (from), goes away (from), leaves (from)
samādāy'eva verb ger only taking, accepting, undertaking
pakkamati verb pr.3.sg goes (from), goes away (from), leaves (from)

He becomes content with robes to protect his body and with almsfood to maintain his stomach, and wherever he goes he sets out taking only these with him.

seyyathāpi nāma pakkhī sakuṇo yena yeneva ḍeti, sapattabhārova ḍeti

Pāli POS Grammar English
seyyathāpi ind just like, as if, imagine if
nāma ind certainly, truly, for sure
pakkhī noun masc.nom.sg bird; the winged one
sakuṇo noun masc.nom.sg bird
yena yeneva ind adv anywhere, lit. wherever wherever
ḍeti verb pr.3.sg flies
sa-patta-bhāro'va adj masc.nom.sg having one's wings as one's whole burden, just as
ḍeti verb pr.3.sg flies

Just as a bird, wherever it goes, flies with its wings as its only burden

evameva bhikkhu santuṭṭho hoti kāyaparihārikena cīvarena kucchiparihārikena piṇḍapātena.

Pāli POS Grammar English
evameva kho ind in the same way
bhikkhu noun masc.nom.sg monk
santuṭṭho pp masc.nom.sg satisfied, pleased, content
hoti verb pr.3.sg he is
kāyaparihārikena adj masc.ins.sg with tending the body, looking after the body
cīvarena noun m.ins.s with robe
kucchiparihārikena adj masc.ins.sg with keeping up the belly, serving (only) to sustain the belly
piṇḍapātena noun masc.ins.sg with collection of alms

so too, the bhikkhu becomes content with robes to protect his body and with almsfood to maintain his stomach

so yena yeneva pakkamati, samādāyeva pakkamati.

Pāli POS Grammar English
so pron masc.nom.sg he
yena yeneva ind anywhere, lit. wherever wherever
pakkamati verb pr.3.sg goes (from), goes away (from), leaves (from)
samādāy'eva verb ger only accepting, undertaking, taking up
pakkamati verb pr.3.sg goes (from), goes away (from), leaves (from)

and wherever he goes he sets out taking only these with him.

so iminā ariyena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato ajjhattaṃ anavajjasukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti.

Pāli POS Grammar English
so pron masc.nom.sg he
iminā pron masc.ins.sg with this, by this
ariyena adj masc.ins.sg with noble, distinguished
sīlakkhandhena noun masc.ins.sg with combination of ethical behaviours
samannāgato adj masc.nom.sg possessing, endowed (with), having
ajjhattaṃ ind internally, inwardly, personally, within himself
anavajjasukhaṃ noun nt.acc.sg pleasure of being blameless, happiness of being faultless
paṭisaṃvedeti verb pr.3.sg experiences, undergoes, feels

Possessing this aggregate of noble virtue, he experiences within himself a bliss that is blameless.

[MN 107]

tam'enaṃ tathāgato uttariṃ vineti:

Pāli POS Grammar English
tam'enaṃ pron masc.acc.sg that one, him, her, that
tathāgato noun masc.nom.sg the Tathagata
uttariṃ ind adv over; beyond; further; moreover; additional
vineti verb pr.3.sg he leads; trains; instructs; removes

The Tathagata trains him further:

ehi tvaṃ bhikkhu indriyesu guttadvāro hohi cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā mā nimittaggāhī hohi mānubyañjanaggāhī.

Pāli POS Grammar English
ehi tvaṃ verb imp.2.sg come you!
indriyesu noun masc.loc.pl in senses, faculties
guttadvāro adj masc.nom.sg with well-guarded senses.
hohi verb imp.2.sg you must be
cakkhunā noun nt.ins.sg by the eye
rūpaṃ noun masc.acc.sg form
disvā verb abs having seen
ind do not!
nimitta-ggāhī adj masc.nom.sg enticed by appearances, lit. grasping signs
hohi verb imp.2.sg you must be
mā- ind do not!
anubyañjana-ggāhī. adj masc.nom.sg enticed by the details, grasping the secondary characteristics

Come, monk! You should be with well-guarded senses. When you see a sight with your eyes, don't be enticed by appearances or details

yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjāhi

Pāli POS Grammar English
yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ ind on account of which, lit. from which reason
cakkhu-indriyaṃ noun masc.acc.sg faculty of eye, sight
asaṃvutaṃ pp masc.acc.sg not closed; unrestricted.
viharantaṃ prp masc.acc.sg living ; abiding; dwelling; sojourning.
abhijjhā-domanassā noun masc.nom.pl covetousness and displeasure
pāpakā adj masc.nom.pl wicked; sinful, bad
akusalā adj masc.nom.pl unskillful
dhammā noun masc.nom.pl states of mind
anvāssaveyyuṃ verb opt.3.pl could attack, befall, overwhelm
tassa pron masc.gen.sg of that
saṃvarāya noun masc.dat.sg for restraint
paṭipajjāhi; verb imp.2.sg you should practice, follow a course of action follow a method

If the faculty of sight were left unrestrained, bad unskillful states of desire and aversion could overwhelm (you). You should practice restraint of that

rakkhāhi cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjāhi.

Pāli POS Grammar English
rakkhāhi verb imp.2.sg protects; guards; observes; preserves
cakkhundriyaṃ noun masc.acc.sg faculty of eye
cakkhundriye noun masc.loc.sg in faculty of eye
saṃvaraṃ noun masc.acc.sg restraint
āpajjāhi verb imp.2.sg you should arouse, exhibit, produce, brings into being, make happened, undertake

Guard the faculty of eye, undertake the restraint of the faculty of eye.

sotena saddaṃ sutvā. ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā. jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā. kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā.

Pāli POS Grammar English
sotena noun masc.ins.sg with ear
saddaṃ noun masc.acc.sg sound
sutvā verb abs having heard
ghānena noun masc.ins.sg with nose
gandhaṃ noun masc.acc.sg smell, odor
ghāyitvā verb abs having smelled
jivhāya noun fem.ins.sg with tongue
rasaṃ noun masc.acc.sg taste, flavor
sāyitvā verb abs having tasted
kāyena noun masc.ins.sg with body
phoṭṭhabbaṃ noun masc.acc.sg touch, tangible
phusitvā verb abs having touched

Having heard a sound with the ear. Having smelt an odor with the nose. Having tasted a flavor with the tongue. Having touched a tangible with the body.

manasā dhammaṃ viññāya mā nimittaggāhī hohi mānubyañjanaggāhī.

Pāli POS Grammar English
manasā noun masc.ins.sg with mind
dhammaṃ noun masc.acc.sg mental phenomena; mind object
viññāya verb ger knowing; understanding; being conscious (of)
ind do not!
nimitta-ggāhī adj masc.nom.sg enticed by appearances, lit. grasping signs
hohi verb imp.2.sg you must be
mā- ind do not!
anubyañjana-ggāhī. adj masc.nom.sg enticed by the details, grasping the secondary characteristics

Knowing by mind mental phenomena, don't be enticed by appearances or details

yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ man'indriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjāhi

Pāli POS Grammar English
mano-indriyaṃ noun masc.acc.sg faculty of mind, intellect

If the faculty of mind were left unrestrained, bad unskillful states of desire and aversion could overwhelm (you). You should practice restraint of that

rakkhāhi man'indriyaṃ man'indriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjāhī'ti.

Guard the faculty of mind, undertake the restraint of the faculty of mind.

tamenaṃ tathāgato uttariṃ vineti:

The Tathagata trains him further:

ehi tvaṃ bhikkhu bhojane mattaññū hohi. paṭisankhā yoniso āhāraṃ āhāreyyāsi

Pāli POS Grammar English
ehi tvaṃ v + pn imp.2.sg come you!
bhojane noun nt.loc.sg in eating, taking food
mattaññū adj masc.nom.sg knowing the measure or limit; moderate
hohi verb imp.2.sg you must be
paṭisaṅkhā verb abs reflecting, considering
yoniso ind adv wisely; properly; judiciously.
āhāraṃ noun masc.acc.sg food; nutriment
āhāreyyāsi verb opt.2.sg you should take (food)

Come you, monk, you have to be moderate in eating, reflecting wisely, you should take a food

neva davāya na madāya na maṇḍanāya na vibhūsanāya yāva'd'eva imassa kāyassa ṭhitiyā yāpanāya vihiṃsūparatiyā brahmacariyānuggahāya—iti purāṇañca vedanaṃ paṭihankhāmi navañca vedanaṃ na uppādessāmi yātrā ca me bhavissati anavajjatā ca phāsuvihāro cā'ti.

Pāli POS Grammar English
neva ind neither
davāya noun masc.dat.sg for fun, play
na madāya noun masc.dat.sg nor for intoxication, pleasure
na maṇḍanāya noun nt.dat.sg nor for adornment; decoration beautification, appearance
na vibhūsanāya noun nt.dat.sg nor for ornament; decoration, attractiveness
yāva'd'eva ind just up to; as far as
imassa pron masc.gen.sg of this
kāyassa noun masc.gen.sg of body
ṭhitiyā noun fem.dat.sg for persistence, keeping up
yāpanāya noun nt.dat.sg for sustenance; nourishment; keeping up of the body, feeding
vihiṃsa- noun fem hurting, harm, injury
uparatiyā noun fem.dat.sg for abstaining, stopping
brahmacariya- noun nt holy live
anuggahāya noun nt.dat.sg for help; assistance
iti ind thus, therefore
purāṇañ'ca adj fem.acc.sg old; former and
vedanaṃ noun fem.acc.sg painful sensation, suffering, pain
paṭihaṅkhāmi verb fut.1.sg I will destroy, will put an end to will terminate
navañ'ca adj fem.acc.sg new, fresh and
vedanaṃ noun fem.acc.sg painful sensation, suffering, pain
na-uppādessāmi v.caus fut.1.sg I will not produce; cause to arise
yātrā noun fem.nom.sg going on, livelihood, support of life way of going on, vehicle, carry on
ca ind and
me pron 1.dat.sg for me
bhavissati verb fut.3.sg it will be
anavajjatā ca noun fem.nom.sg blamelessness, faultlessness and
phāsuvihāro cā'ti noun masc.nom.sg living in ease, comfortable mode of life

Neither for fun, nor for intoxication, nor for adornment or decoration, just up to keeping up sustenance of this body, for avoiding harm, for assistance of holy live. thus (should think) : I will put an end of former (painful) sensations, and I will not produce a new (painful) sensations, it will be support of life, blamelessness and easy dwelling for me

tamenaṃ tathāgato uttariṃ vineti:

The Tathagata trains him further:

ehi tvaṃ bhikkhu jāgariyaṃ anuyutto viharāhi,

Pāli POS Grammar English
ehi tvaṃ verb imp.2.sg come you!
jāgariyaṃ noun fem.acc.sg keeping awake, watchfulness, vigilance
anuyutto pp masc.nom.sg applying oneself to, dealing with, practising given to, intent upon
viharāhi verb imp.sg.sg you must stay

Come you, monk, dwell intent on vigilance!

divasaṃ cankamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodhehi,

Pāli POS Grammar English
divasaṃ ind adv by day, during the day
caṅkamena noun masc.ins.sg by walking up and down
nisajjāya noun fem.ins.sg by sitting down
āvaraṇīyehi adj masc.abl.pl from obstructive, impeding, hindering
dhammehi noun masc.abl.pl from mental states
cittaṃ noun masc.acc.sg mind
parisodhehi, verb imp.2.sg you must clean

During the day while walking up and down, while sitting down, you must clean the mind from obstructive mental states

rattiyā paṭhamaṃ yāmaṃ cankamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodhehi

Pāli POS Grammar English
rattiyā noun fem.gen.sg of night
paṭhamaṃ adj masc.acc.sg first
yāmaṃ noun masc.acc.sg a watch of the night; 1/3 of a night
caṅkamena noun masc.ins.sg by walking up and down
nisajjāya noun fem.ins.sg by sitting down
āvaraṇīyehi adj masc.abl.pl from obstructive, impeding, hindering
dhammehi noun masc.abl.pl from mental states
cittaṃ noun masc.acc.sg mind
parisodhehi, verb imp.2.sg you must clean

During the first watch of the night while walking up and down, while sitting down, you must clean the mind from obstructive mental states

rattiyā majjhimaṃ yāmaṃ dakkhiṇena passena sīhaseyyaṃ kappeyyāsi pāde pādaṃ accādhāya sato sampajāno uṭṭhānasaññaṃ manasikaritvā

Pāli POS Grammar English
rattiyā noun fem.gen.sg of night
majjhimaṃ adj masc.acc.sg medium, middle
yāmaṃ noun masc.acc.sg a watch of the night; 1/3 of a night
dakkhiṇena adj masc.ins.sg by right (hand side)
passena noun masc.ins.sg by side of the body
sīhaseyyaṃ noun fem.acc.sg sleeping posture of a lion, lit. sleeping lion
kappeyyāsi verb opt.2.sg could prepare; trim; make
pāde noun masc.loc.sg on foot
pādaṃ noun m.ac.s foot
accādhāya verb abs having placed one (leg) upon the other
sato pp masc.nom.sg mindful
sampajāno pp masc.nom.sg fully aware
uṭṭhānasaññaṃ noun fem.acc.sg perception of getting up; rising
manasi karitvā verb abs having made in mind

During the middle watch of the night, lie down on the right side in the lion posture, foot resting on foot, mindful, clearly conscious, reflecting on the thought of getting up

rattiyā pacchimaṃ yāmaṃ paccuṭṭhāya cankamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodhehī'ti.

Pāli POS Grammar English
rattiyā noun fem.gen.sg of night
pacchimaṃ adj masc.acc.sg latest; last
yāmaṃ noun masc.acc.sg a watch of the night; 1/3 of a night
paccuṭṭhāya verb abs rising, getting up
caṅkamena noun masc.ins.sg by walking up and down
nisajjāya noun fem.ins.sg by sitting down
āvaraṇīyehi adj masc.abl.pl from obstructive, impeding, hindering
dhammehi noun masc.abl.pl from mental states
cittaṃ noun masc.acc.sg mind
parisodhehi, verb imp.2.sg you must clean

During the last watch of the night, after getting up, while walking up and down, while sitting down, you must clean the mind from obstructive mental states

tamenaṃ tathāgato uttariṃ vineti:

The Tathagata trains him further:

ehi tvaṃ bhikkhu satisampajaññena samannāgato hohi abhikkante paṭikkante sampajānakārī ālokite vilokite sampajānakārī samiñjite pasārite sampajānakārī sanghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇe sampajānakārī

Pāli POS Grammar English
ehi tvaṃ verb imp.2.sg come you!
satisampajaññena noun masc.ins.sg with mindfulness and clear knowing
samannāgato adj masc.nom.sg endowed with; possessed of.
hohi verb imp.2.sg you must be
abhikkante noun nt.loc.sg in going forward
paṭikkante noun nt.loc.sg in going back, returning
sampajānakārī adj masc.nom.sg attentive (to); alert (to); mindful (of); cultivating attention (with regard to); lit. making awareness (in)
ālokite noun nt.loc.sg in looking forward
vilokite noun nt.loc.sg in looking around
sampajānakārī adj masc.nom.sg attentive (to); alert (to); mindful (of); cultivating attention (with regard to); lit. making awareness (in)
samiñjite noun nt.loc.sg in bending back, folding back
pasārite noun nt.loc.sg in stretching out
sampajānakārī adj masc.nom.sg attentive (to); alert (to); mindful (of); cultivating attention (with regard to); lit. making awareness (in)
saṅghāṭi-patta-cīvara- noun outer robe, bowl, robe
dhāraṇe noun nt.loc.sg in wearing, carrying
sampajānakārī adj masc.nom.sg attentive (to); alert (to); mindful (of); cultivating attention (with regard to); lit. making awareness (in)

Come you, monk, be possessed of mindfulness and clear awareness, cultivating attention in going forward or going back, in looking forward or looking round, in bending or stretching (the limbs), in carrying the outer robe, the bowl or robe

asite pīte khāyite sāyite sampajānakārī uccārapassāvakamme sampajānakārī gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārī'ti.

Pāli POS Grammar English
asite noun nt.loc.sg in eating
pīte noun nt.loc.sg in drinking
khāyite noun nt.loc.sg in chewing
sāyite noun nt.loc.sg in tasting
sampajānakārī adj masc.nom.sg attentive (to); alert (to); mindful (of); cultivating attention (with regard to); lit. making awareness (in)
uccāra- noun excrement
passāva- noun urine
kamme noun nt.loc.sg in acting
sampajānakārī adj masc.nom.sg attentive (to); alert (to); mindful (of); cultivating attention (with regard to); lit. making awareness (in)
gate noun nt.loc.sg in moving; walking
ṭhite noun nt.loc.sg in standing
nisinne noun nt.loc.sg in seating
sutte noun nt.loc.sg in lying down
jāgarite noun nt.loc.sg in being awake
bhāsite noun nt.loc.sg in speaking
tuṇhībhāve noun masc.loc.sg in keeping quiet, being silent
sampajānakārī adj masc.nom.sg attentive (to); alert (to); mindful (of); cultivating attention (with regard to); lit. making awareness (in)

Cultivating attention in eating, drinking, chewing and tasting.
Cultivating attention in urinating and defecating.
Cultivating attention in walking, standing, sitting, lying down, waking up, talking and being silent.

tamenaṃ tathāgato uttariṃ vineti:

The Tathagata trains him further:

ehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, vivittaṃ senāsanaṃ bhajāhi araññaṃ rukkhamūlaṃ pabbataṃ
kandaraṃ giriguhaṃ susānaṃ vanapatthaṃ abbhokāsaṃ palālapuñjan'ti.

Pāli POS Grammar English
vivittaṃ adj masc.acc.sg separated, secluded, solitary, aloof
senāsanaṃ noun nt.acc.sg housing, living place, lodging, lit. bed and chair
bhajāhi verb imp.2.sg you should go (to), resort (to), retire (to) lit. associates (with)
araññaṃ noun nt.acc.sg forest, wood, wilds
rukkhamūlaṃ noun nt.acc.sg foot of a tree, base of a tree
pabbataṃ noun nt.acc.sg mountain, hill
kandaraṃ noun masc.acc.sg grotto, gorge, gulley, valley, ravine
giriguhaṃ noun fem.acc.sg mountain cave
susānaṃ noun nt.acc.sg cemetery, charnel ground
vanapatthaṃ noun nt.acc.sg forest wilderness, jungle
abbhokāsaṃ noun nt.acc.sg open space, open air
palālapuñjan'ti noun nt.acc.sg heap of straw

You should resort to secluded lodging, or a forest, or a foot of a tree, or a mountain, or a grotto, or a mountain cave, or a cemetery, or a forest wilderness, or an open space or a heap of straw.

so pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto nisīdati pallankaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā.

Pāli POS Grammar English
so pron masc.nom.sg he
pacchābhattaṃ ind adv afternoon, after the meal
piṇḍapāta-paṭikkanto pp masc.nom.sg returned from collection of alms
nisīdati verb pr.3.sg sits down
pallaṅkaṃ noun masc.acc.sg cross-legged sitting position
ābhujitvā verb abs having bent, having folded
ujuṃ ind adv straightly
kāyaṃ noun masc.acc.sg body
paṇidhāya verb abs guiding, directing, determining
parimukhaṃ ind adv as first priority, to the fore, in front
satiṃ noun fem.acc.sg mindfulness
upaṭṭhapetvā v.caus abs having caused to attend, having set up having made sure is present

Afternoon, he returned from collection of alms, sat down, folded cross-legged sitting position, directing body straightly, and established mindfulness to the fore

so abhijjhaṃ loke pahāya vigatābhijjhena cetasā viharati, abhijjhāya cittaṃ parisodheti;

Pāli POS Grammar English
so pron masc.nom.sg he
abhijjhaṃ noun fem.acc.sg covetousness, greed
loke noun masc.loc.sg in the world
pahāya verb ger leaving behind, giving up, abandoning
vigatābhijjhena pp masc.ins.sg with being without greed
cetasā noun masc.ins.sg with mind
viharati verb pr.3.sg lives; abides; dwells
abhijjhāya noun fem.abl.sg from greed
cittaṃ noun nt.acc.sg mind
parisodheti verb pr.3.sg cleanses; purifies

Giving up greed for the world, he dwells with a mind free from greed, cleansing the mind from greed

byāpāda-padosaṃ pahāya abyāpannacitto viharati sabbapāṇabhūta-hitānukampī byāpādapadosā cittaṃ parisodheti

Pāli POS Grammar English
byāpādapadosaṃ noun masc.acc.sg ill will and anger
abyāpannacitto adj masc.nom.sg with mind free from ill will
sabba- adj all
pāṇabhūta- noun living beings, lit. breathing beings
hitānukampī adj masc.nom.sg compassionate for the welfare of, concerned for the good of

Giving up ill will and malevolence, he dwells with a mind free from ill will, compassionate for the welfare of all living beings, cleansing the mind from ill will and anger

thina-middhaṃ pahāya vigatathinamiddho viharati ālokasaññī sato sampajāno thinamiddhā cittaṃ parisodheti

Pāli POS Grammar English
thinamiddhaṃ noun nt.acc.sg dullness and drowsiness, sloth and torpor
vigata-thinamiddho adj masc.nom.sg free from dullness and drowsiness
ālokasaññī adj masc.nom.sg perceptive of light, conscious of brightness
sato adj masc.nom.sg mindful
sampajāno adj masc.nom.sg fully attentive

Giving up dullness and drowsiness, he dwells with a mind free from dullness and drowsiness, perceiving light, mindful and fully attentive, cleansing the mind from dullness and drowsiness

uddhacca-kukkuccaṃ pahāya anuddhato viharati ajjhattaṃ vūpasanta-citto uddhaccakukkuccā cittaṃ parisodheti

Pāli POS Grammar English
uddhaccakukkuccaṃ noun nt.acc.sg agitation and uneasiness, distraction and worry
anuddhato adj masc.nom.sg calm, gentle, subdued, not agitated
ajjhattaṃ ind adv inwardly
vūpasantacitto adj masc.nom.sg with calmed mind, settled mind

Giving up restlessness and worry, he dwells calm, with settled mind inwardly, cleansing the mind from restlessness and remorse

vicikicchaṃ pahāya tiṇṇavicikiccho viharati akathaṃkathī kusalesu dhammesu vicikicchāya cittaṃ parisodheti.

Pāli POS Grammar English
vicikicchaṃ noun fem.acc.sg doubt
tiṇṇa-vicikiccho adj masc.nom.sg who has crossed beyond doubt, who has overcome doubt
akathaṃkathī adj masc.nom.sg not confused, without doubt, lit. not asking how
kusalesu adj masc.loc.sg in skillful
dhammesu noun masc.loc.sg qualities

Giving up doubt, he dwells crossed beyond doubt, not confused about skillful qualities, cleansing the mind from doubt

[MN 39]

bhikkhu yathā iṇaṃ yathā rogaṃ yathā bandhanāgāraṃ yathā dāsabyaṃ yathā kantāraddhānamaggaṃ, ime pañca nīvaraṇe appahīne attani

Pāli POS Grammar English
bhikkhu noun masc.nom.sg monk
yathā ind like, as
iṇaṃ noun nt.acc.sg debt
yathā ind like, as
rogaṃ noun masc.acc.sg disease; illness
yathā ind like, as
bandhanāgāraṃ noun nt.acc.sg prison, jail
yathā ind like, as
dāsabyaṃ noun nt.acc.sg state of slavery, servitude
yathā ind like, as
kantāraddhānamaggaṃ noun masc.acc.sg long journey on a desert road
ime pron masc.acc.pl these
pañca adj x.acc.pl five (5)
nīvaraṇe noun masc.acc.pl obstacles, obstructions, barriers, hindrances
appahīne pp masc.acc.pl not removed, not given up, not abandoned
attani noun masc.loc.sg in oneself, for oneself
samanupassati verb pr.3.sg regards, considers, sees as

Monk considers these not-removed in himself five hindrances as a debt, a disease, a prison, slavery, and a long journey on a desert road

seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, āṇaṇyaṃ yathā ārogyaṃ yathā bandhanāmokkhaṃ yathā bhujissaṃ yathā khemantabhūmiṃ; evameva bhikkhu ime pañca nīvaraṇe pahīne attani samanupassati.

Pāli POS Grammar English
seyyathāpi ind just like, as if, imagine if
āṇaṇyaṃ noun nt.acc.sg freedom from debt, being debt-free, being out of debt
ārogyaṃ noun nt.acc.sg health, freedom from disease
bandhanā- noun nt.abl.sg from bondage, imprisonment
mokkhaṃ noun masc.acc.sg release, freedom
bhujissaṃ noun masc.acc.sg freed slave, free man
khemantabhūmiṃ noun fem.acc.sg place of safety; a peaceful, secure region
evameva ind similarly, in the same way, so too, just so
pahīne pp masc.acc.pl abandoned, dispelled, eliminated, removed given up

Monks, just like freedom from debt, freedom from disease, release from imprisonment, freedom from slavery and place of safety; in the same way monk considers these removed in himself five hindrances.

so tatonidānaṃ labhetha pāmojjaṃ adhigaccheyya somanassaṃ.

Pāli POS Grammar English
so pron masc.nom.sg he
tatonidānaṃ ind adv on account of that
labhetha verb opt.3.sg could get
pāmojjaṃ noun nt.acc.sg delight; joy; happiness
adhigaccheyya verb opt.3.sg (he) would attain or get
somanassaṃ noun nt.acc.sg (mental) pleasure, happiness

On account of that he could get delight and mental pleasure.

so ime pañca nīvaraṇe pahāya cetaso upakkilese paññāya dubbalīkaraṇe paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.

Pāli POS Grammar English
so pron masc.nom.sg he
ime pron masc.acc.pl these, theṃ
pañca adj x.acc.pl five (5)
nīvaraṇe noun masc.acc.pl obstacles, obstructions, barriers, hindrances
pahāya verb ger leaving behind; giving up; abandoning
cetaso noun masc.gen.sg of mind
upakkilese noun masc.acc.pl impurities; defilements;
paññāya noun fem.gen.sg of understanding, wisdom
dubbalīkaraṇe adj masc.acc.pl which weaken, lit. weak making
paṭhamaṃ adj nt.acc.sg the first
jhānaṃ noun nt.acc.sg state of meditation
dutiyaṃ adj nt.acc.sg the second
jhānaṃ noun nt.acc.sg state of meditation
tatiyaṃ adj nt.acc.sg the third
jhānaṃ noun nt.acc.sg state of meditation
catutthaṃ adj nt.acc.sg the fourth
jhānaṃ noun nt.acc.sg state of meditation
upasampajja verb ger reaching, attaining, arriving at
viharati verb pr.3.sg lives; abides; dwells;

Giving up these five hindrances, corruptions of the mind which weaken wisdom, he reaching and dwells in the first state of meditation, …, the second state of meditation, …, the third state of meditation, …, the fourth state of meditation.

so evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anangaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte pubbe-nivāsānussati-ñāṇāya sattānaṃ cutūpapāta-ñāṇāya
āsavānaṃ khaya-ñāṇāya cittaṃ abhininnāmeti.

Pāli POS Grammar English
so pron masc.nom.sg he, this
evaṃ ind thus; in this way
samāhite pp nt.loc.sg when settled; composed
citte noun nt.loc.sg when mind, when mind
parisuddhe pp nt.loc.sg when become clean; purified
pariyodāte pp nt.loc.sg when very clean; pure, cleansed
anaṅgaṇe adj nt.loc.sg when passionless; blameless, flawless
vigatūpakkilese pp nt.loc.sg when being without impurity; defilement
mudubhūte adj nt.loc.sg when supple; malleable, pliable
kammaniye adj nt.loc.sg when ready, workable, suitable for use
ṭhite pp nt.loc.sg when stood; stayed; stationary; immovable steadfast
āneñja-ppatte pp nt.loc.sg attained imperturbable
pubbenivāsa- noun previous life, former existence
anussati- noun memory (of), recollection (of)
ñāṇāya noun nt.dat.sg to knowledge, understanding, insight
sattānaṃ noun masc.gen.pl of living beings
cutūpapāta- noun falling and arising, death and rebirth
ñāṇāya noun nt.dat.sg to knowledge, understanding, insight
āsavānaṃ noun masc.gen.pl of impurities, taints
khaya- noun exhaustion (of), extinction (of), depletion (of) annihilation (of), destruction (of)
ñāṇāya noun nt.dat.sg to knowledge of destruction
cittaṃ noun nt.acc.sg mind
abhininnāmeti verb aor.3.sg he turned or directed

When mind had become composed like this, purified, cleansed, flawless, rid of corruptions, pliable, workable, steady, and imperturbable, he directed mind to the knowledge of recollection of former existence, knowledge of death and rebirth of the living beings, knowledge of the destruction of impurities

so idaṃ dukkhan'ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti ayaṃ dukkha- samudayo'ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti ayaṃ dukkhanirodho'ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā'ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti.

Pāli POS Grammar English
idaṃ pron nt.nom.sg this
dukkhan'ti noun nt.nom.sg discomfort, suffering, unease
yathābhūtaṃ ind as it truly is, in reality, lit. like it has become
pajānāti verb pr.3.sg he knows, understands
ayaṃ pron masc.nom.sg this
dukkhasamudayo'ti noun masc.nom.sg arising of suffering, source of suffering
ayaṃ pron masc.nom.sg this
dukkhanirodho'ti noun masc.nom.sg cessation of suffering, disappearance of suffering
ayaṃ pron masc.nom.sg this
dukkhanirodhagāminī noun fem.nom.sg leading to the extinction of suffering
paṭipadā'ti noun fem.nom.sg path, way, method

He understands as it truly is: This is suffering' … This is the origin of suffering' … This is the cessation of suffering' … This is the path that leads to the cessation of suffering'

ime āsavā'ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti ayaṃ āsavasamudayo'ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti ayaṃ āsavanirodho'ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti ayaṃ āsavanirodhagāminī paṭipadā'ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti.

Pāli POS Grammar English
ime pron masc.nom.pl these
āsavā'ti noun masc.nom.pl impurities, effluents
āsavasamudayo noun masc.nom.sg source of the effluents
āsavanirodho noun masc.nom.sg cessation of the effluents
āsavanirodha-gāminī adj masc.nom.sg leading to the cessation of the effluents

He understands as it truly is: This is effluents' … This is the origin of effluents' … This is the cessation of effluents' … This is the path that leads to the cessation of effluents'

tassa evaṃ jānato evaṃ passato kāmāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati bhavāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati avijjāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati.

Pāli POS Grammar English
tassa pron masc.gen.sg when he
evaṃ ind thus, this, like this, just as, such
jānato prp masc.gen.sg when knows
evaṃ ind thus, this, like this, just as, such
passato prp masc.gen.sg when sees
kāmāsavā'pi noun masc.abl.sg also from effluent of sensual pleasure
cittaṃ noun nt.nom.sg mind
vimuccati verb pr.3.sg is released (from), becomes free (from)
bhavāsavā'pi noun masc.abl.sg also from effluent of becoming, effluent of being
cittaṃ noun nt.nom.sg mind
vimuccati verb pr.3.sg is released (from), becomes free (from)
avijjāsavā'pi noun masc.abl.sg also from effluent of ignorance
cittaṃ noun nt.nom.sg mind
vimuccati verb pr.3.sg is released (from), becomes free (from)

When he knows and sees thus, mind becomes free from effluent of sensual pleasure, from effluent of becoming and from effluent of ignorance.

vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti: khīṇā jāti vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ nāparaṃ itthattāyā'ti pajānātī ti.

Pāli POS Grammar English
vimuttasmiṃ pp masc.loc.sg when freed, liberated, emancipated
vimuttam- pp nt.nom.sg freed, liberated, emancipated
iti ind this is
ñāṇaṃ noun nt.nom.sg knowledge, understanding, insight
hoti verb pr.3.sg there is
khīṇā pp fem.nom.sg exhausted; wasted
jāti noun fem.nom.sg birth
vusitaṃ pp nt.nom.sg fulfilled, accomplished; lit. lived
brahmacariyaṃ, noun nt.nom.sg spiritual path; spiritual practice; holy life
kataṃ pp nt.nom.sg done, worked, made
karaṇīyaṃ noun nt.nom.sg duty, obligation, something to be done
n'āparaṃ adj nt.nom.sg nothing more; nothing further; not more than that; lit. no another
itthattāyā'ti noun nt.dat.sg present state of existence; earthly existence; such an existence; lit. here state
pajānātī'ti verb pr.3.sg knows clearly

When liberated, there is understanding This is liberated”. He knows clearly: 'Birth is exhausted. The holy life was fulfilled. What has to be done – is done. There is nothing further than this existence.'
(or) 'There is nothing (to do more) for such a (liberated) state'

[MN 107]
ye kho te bhikkhū sekkhā apattamānasā anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ patthayamānā viharanti, tesu me ayaṃ evarūpī anusāsanī hoti.

Pāli POS Grammar English
ye pron masc.nom.pl those, whichever
kho ind indeed; surely; certainly; truly
te pron masc.nom.pl those
bhikkhū noun masc.nom.pl monks
sekkhā adj masc.nom.pl belonging to training; in the training; not yet perfect
apattamānasā adj masc.nom.pl not fulfilled one's wish (of); not reached goal (of); not mentally attained
anuttaraṃ adj masc.acc.sg highest (of); unsurpassed (by); incomparable (to); superior (to); lit. nothing higher (of).
yogakkhemaṃ noun masc.acc.sg spiritual success; enlightenment; sanctuary; lit. rest from yoke; rest from work.
patthayamānā prp masc.nom.pl wishing (for); aspiring (for)
viharanti verb pr.3.pl live (in); dwell (in); abide (in)
tesu pron masc.loc.pl to them; lit. in them
me pron 1.gen.sg my
ayaṃ pron fem.nom.sg this
evarūpī adj fem.nom.sg of such kind; of such quality
anusāsanī noun fem.nom.sg advice; instruction; teaching
hoti verb pr.3.sg is

There are monks who are in the training, not yet reached the goal, who abide aspiring for the highest security from bondage. For those monks, this is my instruction.

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