Teachings¶
Dependent Origination
Paṭicca-samuppāda
[SN 12.2 / VIBH 6.1 / VIBH 4.1.1]
avijjā-paccayā saṅkhārā; saṅkhāra-paccayā viññāṇaṃ; viññāṇa-paccayā nāmarūpaṃ; nāmarūpa-paccayā saḷāyatanaṃ; saḷāyatana-paccayā phasso; phassa-paccayā vedanā;
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| avijjāpaccayā | noun | masc.abl.sg | from ignorance as condition |
| >avijjā- | noun | fem | ignorance |
| >paccayā | noun | masc | cause, supporting condition, prerequisite |
| saṅkhārā | noun | masc.nom.pl | formations |
| saṅkhārapaccayā | noun | masc.abl.sg | from volitional formations as condition |
| viññāṇaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | consciousness |
| viññāṇapaccayā | noun | masc.abl.sg | from consciousness as condition |
| nāmarūpaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | name and form, mind and body |
| nāmarūpapaccayā | noun | masc.abl.sg | from mind and body as condition |
| saḷāyatanaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | six (internal) fields, six (internal sense) bases six sense organs |
| saḷāyatanapaccayā | noun | masc.abl.sg | from six (internal) fields as condition |
| phasso | noun | masc.nom.sg | contact, touch |
| phassapaccayā | noun | masc.abl.sg | from contact as condition |
| vedanā | noun | fem.nom.sg | feeling, sensation, felt experience |
From ignorance as condition formations arise, from formations as condition consciousness arises, from consciousness as condition mind and body arise, from mind and body as condition six (internal) fields arise, from six (internal) fields as condition contact arises, from contact as condition feelings arise,
vedanā-paccayā taṇhā; taṇhā-paccayā upādānaṃ; upādāna-paccayā bhavo; bhava-paccayā jāti; jāti-paccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ soka-parideva-dukkhadomanass'upāyāsā sambhavanti
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| vedanāpaccayā | noun | masc.abl.sg | from felt experience as condition |
| taṇhā | noun | fem.nom.sg | craving, desire; lit: thirst |
| taṇhāpaccayā | noun | masc.abl.sg | from craving as condition |
| upādānaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | grasping, clinging |
| upādānapaccayā | from grasping as condition | ||
| bhavo | noun | masc.nom.sg | becoming, being, existence |
| bhavapaccayā | noun | masc.abl.sg | from becoming as condition |
| jāti | noun | fem.nom.sg | birth |
| jātipaccayā | noun | masc.abl.sg | from birth as condition |
| jarāmaraṇaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | aging and death |
| soka- | noun | grief, sorrow, sadness | |
| parideva- | noun | mourning, lament, wail, cry | |
| dukkhadomanass- | noun | pain and stress, physical pain and mental | suffering |
| upāyāsā | noun | masc.nom.pl | afflictions, agitations, troubles |
| sambhavanti | verb | pr.3.pl | are produced, come together, arise together |
From felt experience as condition craving arises, from craving as condition clinging arises, from clinging as condition becoming arise, from becoming as condition birth arise, from birth as condition – aging and death, sorrows, laments, pains, stress and troubles arise.
evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| evaṃ- | ind | thus, this, like this, just as, such | |
| etassa | pron | masc.gen.sg | of this |
| kevalassa | adj | masc.gen.sg | of whole, altogether, total, entire |
| dukkhakkhandhassa | noun | masc.gen.sg | of heap of suffering, mountain of suffering |
| samudayo | noun | masc.nom.sg | arising, appearance |
| hoti | verb | pr.3.sg | there is |
such is arising of this whole heap of suffering.
tattha katamā avijjā?
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| tattha | ind | in that regard, in that case | |
| katamā | pron | fem.nom.sg | what? which (of the many)? |
| avijjā | noun | fem.nom.sg | ignorance |
What is ignorance' in that regard?
dukkhe aññāṇaṃ, dukkhasamudaye aññāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhe aññāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya aññāṇaṃ.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| dukkhe | noun | nt.loc.sg | in discomfort, suffering, pain, unease something unsatisfactory, problem, trouble |
| aññāṇaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | ignorance (of), lack of understanding (of), not knowing (about) |
| dukkhasamudaye | noun | masc.loc.sg | in origin of suffering, source of unsatisfactory |
| aññāṇaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | ignorance (of), lack of understanding (of), not knowing (about) |
| dukkhanirodhe | noun | masc.loc.sg | in cessation of suffering, disappearance of suffering |
| aññāṇaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | ignorance (of), lack of understanding (of), not knowing (about) |
| dukkhanirodha- | noun | cessation of suffering, disappearance of | suffering |
| gāminiyā | adj | fem.loc.sg | leading to |
| paṭipadāya | noun | fem.loc.sg | way, path of progress, path of practice |
| aññāṇaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | ignorance (of), lack of understanding (of), not knowing (about) |
not knowing suffering, not knowing the origin of suffering, not knowing the cessation of suffering, not knowing the path leading to the cessation of suffering.
ayaṃ vuccati avijjā.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ayaṃ | pron | fem.nom.sg | this |
| vuccati | verb | pr.3.sg | is said to be, is called |
this is called ignorance'.
tattha katame avijjā-paccayā saṅkhārā?
what are formations', with ignorance as a condition, in that regard?
puññ'ābhisaṅkhāro, apuññ'ābhisaṅkhāro, āneñj'ābhisaṅkhāro; kāyasaṅkhāro, vacīsaṅkhāro, cittasaṅkhāro.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| puñña- | adj | meritorious, good, wholesome | |
| abhisaṅkhāro | noun | masc.nom.sg | construction, fabrication, formation |
| apuñña- | adj | demeritorious, bad, unwholesome | |
| abhisaṅkhāro, | noun | masc.nom.sg | construction, fabrication, formation |
| āneñja- | adj | immovable, imperturbable | |
| abhisaṅkhāro; | noun | masc.nom.sg | construction, fabrication, formation |
| kāyasaṅkhāro | noun | masc.nom.sg | physical activity, bodily formations |
| vacīsaṅkhāro | noun | masc.nom.sg | verbal formations (in the mind), thoughts in language, internal dialogue |
| cittasaṅkhāro | noun | masc.nom.sg | mental activity, thought formation |
Wholesome formation, unwholesome formation, immovable formation, bodily formations, verbal formations, mental formation.
tattha katamo puññābhisaṅkhāro?
what is wholesome practice' in that regard?
kusalā cetanā kāmāvacarā, rūpāvacarā; dānamayā, sīlamayā, bhāvanāmayā.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| kusalā | adj | fem.nom.pl | beneficial, skillful, good, wholesome |
| cetanā | noun | fem.nom.pl | intentions, will |
| kāmāvacarā | adj | fem.nom.pl | belonging to the sphere of sensual experience |
| rūpāvacarā; | adj | fem.nom.pl | belonging to the world of (subtle material) form. |
| dānamayā | adj | fem.nom.pl | made by giving, produced by charity |
| sīlamayā | adj | fem.nom.pl | made by morality, produced by behaviour |
| bhāvanāmayā | adj | fem.nom.pl | made by cultivation, produced by meditation |
skillful intentions belonging to the sphere of sensual experience, belonging to the world of (subtle material) form, produced by giving, produced by morality, produced by meditation.
ayaṃ vuccati puññābhisaṅkhāro.
this is called wholesome practice'.
tattha katamo apuññābhisaṅkhāro?
what is unwholesome practice' in that regard?
akusalā cetanā kāmāvacarā.
unskillful intentions belonging to the sphere of sensual experience
ayaṃ vuccati apuññābhisaṅkhāro.
this is called unwholesome practice'.
tattha katamo āneñjābhisaṅkhāro?
what is practice of imperturbability' in that regard?
kusalā cetanā arūpāvacarā.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| arūpāvacarā | adj | fem.nom.pl | belonging to the sphere of the formless |
skillful intentions belonging to the sphere of the sphere of the formless.
ayaṃ vuccati āneñjābhisaṅkhāro.
this is called practice of imperturbability'.
tattha katamo kāyasaṅkhāro?
what is bodily formation' in that regard?
kāya-sañcetanā kāyasaṅkhāro, vacī-sañcetanā vacīsaṅkhāro, mano-sañcetanā cittasaṅkhāro.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| sañcetanā | noun | fem.nom.sg | volition, intention, will |
volition associated with the body is the bodily formation, volition associated with speech is the verbal formation, volition associated with the mind is the mental formation.
ime vuccanti avijjā-paccayā saṅkhārā.
these are called formations', with ignorance as a condition.
tattha katamaṃ saṅkhāra-paccayā viññāṇaṃ?
what is consciousness', with formations as a condition, in that regard?
cakkhuviññāṇaṃ, sotaviññāṇaṃ, ghānaviññāṇaṃ, jivhāviññāṇaṃ, kāyaviññāṇaṃ, manoviññāṇaṃ.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| cakkhuviññāṇaṃ, | noun | nt.nom.sg | eye consciousness, visual awareness, seeing |
| sotaviññāṇaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | ear consciousness, auditory awareness hearing |
| ghānaviññāṇaṃ, | noun | nt.nom.sg | nose consciousness, olfactory awareness smelling |
| jivhāviññāṇaṃ, | noun | nt.nom.sg | tongue consciousness, gustatory awareness tasting |
| kāyaviññāṇaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | body consciousness, tactile awareness, touching |
| manoviññāṇaṃ. | noun | nt.nom.sg | mind consciousness, mental awareness thinking |
eye-consciousness, ear-consciousness, nose-consciousness, tongue-consciousness, body-consciousness, mind-consciousness.
idaṃ vuccati saṅkhāra-paccayā viññāṇaṃ.
this is called consciousness', with formations as a condition.
tattha katamaṃ viññāṇa-paccayā nāmarūpaṃ?
what is 'mind-and-body', with consciousness as a condition, in that regard?
atthi nāmaṃ, atthi rūpaṃ.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| atthi | verb | pr.3.sg | there is, there exists |
| nāmaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | mind, lit. name |
| atthi | verb | pr.3.sg | there is, there exists |
| rūpaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | body, physical body, bodily form |
there is the mind', there is the body'.
tattha katamaṃ nāmaṃ?
what is the mind' in that regard?
vedanā saññā cetanā phasso manasikāro
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| vedanā | noun | fem.nom.sg | sensation; feeling; felt experience |
| saññā | noun | fem.nom.sg | perception; conception; recognition |
| cetanā | noun | fem.nom.sg | intention; will |
| phasso | noun | masc.nom.sg | touch; contact; sense impingement |
| manasikāro | noun | masc.nom.sg | attention; mental application; |
the feeling, perceptions, intention, contact and attention.
idaṃ vuccati nāmaṃ.
this is called 'the mind'.
tattha katamaṃ rūpaṃ?
what is the body' in that regard?
cattāro mahābhūtā, catunnañ'ca mahābhūtānaṃ upādāya rūpaṃ.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| cattāro | adj | masc.nom.pl | four (4) |
| mahābhūtā | noun | masc.nom.pl | primary elements, earth water fire wind, lit great element |
| catunnañ'ca | adj | masc.gen.pl | of four (4) |
| mahābhūtānaṃ | noun | masc.gen.pl | of primary elements, earth water fire wind lit. great element |
| upādāya | verb | ger | derived (from), dependent (on) lit. grasping (onto) |
| rūpaṃ | noun | nt.acc.sg | body, physical body, bodily form |
the four great elements and the body dependent on the four great elements.
idaṃ vuccati rūpaṃ.
this is called 'the body'.
iti idañ'ca nāmaṃ, idañ'ca rūpaṃ.
thus is this mind and this body.
idaṃ vuccati viññāṇa-paccayā nāmarūpaṃ.
this is called 'mind-and-body', with consciousness as a condition.
tattha katamaṃ nāmarūpa-paccayā saḷāyatanaṃ?
what is 'six internal sense fields', with mind-and-body as a condition, in that regard?
cakkhāyatanaṃ, sotāyatanaṃ, ghānāyatanaṃ, jivhāyatanaṃ, kāyāyatanaṃ, manāyatanaṃ.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| cakkhāyatanaṃ, | noun | nt.nom.sg | field of vision, seeing base, eye |
| sotāyatanaṃ, | noun | nt.nom.sg | field of hearing, auditory base, ear |
| ghānāyatanaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | field of smelling, olfactory base, nose |
| jivhāyatanaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | field of tasting, base of taste, tongue |
| kāyāyatanaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | field of touching, somatic base, body |
| manāyatanaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | field of intellect, base of mental, mind |
field of the eye, field of the ear, field of the nose, field of taste, field of the body, field of mind.
idaṃ vuccati nāmarūpa-paccayā saḷāyatanaṃ.
this is called 'six internal sense fields', with mind-and-body as a condition.
tattha katamo saḷāyatana-paccayā phasso?
what is 'contact', with the six internal sense fields as a condition, in that regard?
cakkhusamphasso, sotasamphasso, ghānasamphasso, jivhāsamphasso, kāyasamphasso, manosamphasso.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| cakkhusamphasso, | noun | masc.nom.sg | contact with the eye, visual impression |
| sotasamphasso | noun | masc.nom.sg | contact with the ear, auditory impression |
| ghānasamphasso | noun | masc.nom.sg | contact with the nose, olfactory impression |
| jivhāsamphasso | noun | masc.nom.sg | contact with the tongue, taste impression |
| kāyasamphasso | noun | masc.nom.sg | physical contact, somatic impression |
| manosamphasso | noun | masc.nom.sg | contact with the mind, mental impression |
contact with the eye, contact with the ear, contact with the nose, contact with the tongue, physical contact, contact with the mind.
ayaṃ vuccati saḷāyatana-paccayā phasso.
this is called 'contact', with the six sense fields as a condition.
tattha katamā phassa-paccayā vedanā?
what is 'feeling',with contact as a condition, in that regard?
cakkhusamphassajā vedanā, sotasamphassajā vedanā, ghānasamphassajā vedanā, jivhāsamphassajā vedanā, kāyasamphassajā vedanā, manosamphassajā vedanā.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| cakkhu-samphassa-jā | adj | fem.nom.sg | caused by eye contact, produced by visual impression |
| sotasamphassajā | adj | fem.nom.sg | caused by contact with the ear, produced by from auditory impression |
| ghānasamphassajā | adj | fem.nom.sg | caused by contact with the nose, produced by olfactory impression |
| jivhāsamphassajā | adj | fem.nom.sg | produced by contact with the tongue, born from taste impression |
| kāyasamphassajā | adj | fem.nom.sg | caused by physical contact, produced by somatic impression |
| manosamphassajā | adj | fem.nom.sg | caused by mental contact, produced by mental impression |
feeling caused by eye contact, feeling caused by contact with the ear, feeling caused by contact with the nose, feeling produced by contact with the tongue, feeling caused by physical contact, feeling caused by mental contact.
ayaṃ vuccati phassa-paccayā vedanā.
this is called 'feeling', with contact as a condition.
tattha katamā vedanā-paccayā taṇhā?
what is 'craving', with feeling as a condition, in that regard?
rūpataṇhā, saddataṇhā, gandhataṇhā, rasataṇhā, phoṭṭhabbataṇhā, dhammataṇhā.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| rūpataṇhā | noun | fem.nom.sg | craving for material form |
| saddataṇhā | noun | fem.nom.sg | craving for sound |
| gandhataṇhā | noun | fem.nom.sg | craving for smell |
| rasataṇhā | noun | fem.nom.sg | craving for taste |
| phoṭṭhabbataṇhā | noun | fem.nom.sg | craving for physical sensation |
| dhammataṇhā | noun | fem.nom.sg | craving for mental phenomena |
craving for material form, craving for sound, craving for smell, craving for taste, craving for physical sensation, craving for mental phenomena.
ayaṃ vuccati vedanā-paccayā taṇhā.
this is called 'craving', with feeling as a condition.
tattha katamaṃ taṇhā-paccayā upādānaṃ?
what is 'clinging', with craving as a condition?
kāmupādānaṃ, diṭṭhupādānaṃ, sīlabbatupādānaṃ, attavādupādānaṃ.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| kāmupādānaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | grasping sensual pleasures, clinging to objects of sensual delight |
| diṭṭhupādānaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | grasping views, clinging to beliefs |
| sīlabbatupādānaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | grasping precepts and practices, clinging to ethics and observances, addiction to rites and rituals |
| attavādupādānaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | grasping a theory of self, clinging to a self- concept, attachment to a soul theory |
clinging to objects of sensual delight, clinging to views, clinging to rites and rituals, clinging to a self-concept
idaṃ vuccati taṇhā-paccayā upādānaṃ.
this is called 'clinging', with craving as a condition.
tattha katamo upādāna-paccayā bhavo?
what is 'becoming', with clinging as a condition, in that regard?
bhavo duvidhena – atthi kammabhavo, atthi upapattibhavo.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| bhavo | noun | masc.nom.sg | becoming, being, existence |
| duvidhena – | ind | in two ways; as of two kinds; in a twofold | way. |
| atthi | verb | pr.3.sg | there is, there exists |
| kamma- | noun | action, deed, doing | |
| bhavo | noun | masc.nom.sg | becoming, being, existence |
| atthi | verb | pr.3.sg | there is, there exists |
| upapatti- | noun | rebirth, re-arising | |
| bhavo | noun | masc.nom.sg | becoming, being, existence |
becoming is twofold – there is action-becoming, there is rebirth-becoming.
tattha katamo kammabhavo?
therein what is action-becoming?
puññābhisaṅkhāro, apuññābhisaṅkhāro, āneñjābhisaṅkhāro.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| puñña- | adj | meritorious, good, wholesome | |
| abhisaṅkhāro | noun | masc.nom.sg | construction, fabrication, formation |
| apuñña- | adj | demeritorious, bad, unwholesome | |
| abhisaṅkhāro, | noun | masc.nom.sg | construction, fabrication, formation |
| āneñja- | adj | immovable, imperturbable | |
| abhisaṅkhāro; | noun | masc.nom.sg | construction, fabrication, formation |
wholesome formation, unwholesome formation, imperturbable formation
ayaṃ vuccati kammabhavo.
this is called 'action-becoming'.
sabbam'pi bhava-gāmi-kammaṃ kamma-bhavo.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| sabbam- | adj | nt.nom.sg | all |
| api | ind | just, only | |
| bhava- | noun | becoming, being, existence | |
| gāmi- | adj | leading to, going to, heading to | |
| kammaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | action, deed, doing |
| kamma- | noun | action, deed, doing | |
| bhavo | noun | masc.nom.sg | becoming, being, existence |
all action(s) that leads to existence is 'action-becoming'.
tattha katamo upapattibhavo?
what is rebirth-becoming, in that regard?
kāmabhavo, rūpabhavo, arūpabhavo; saññābhavo, asaññābhavo,
nevasaññānāsaññābhavo; ekavokārabhavo, catuvokārabhavo, pañcavokārabhavo.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| kāmabhavo | noun | masc.nom.sg | becoming in the realm of sense desire sensual sphere becoming |
| rūpabhavo | noun | masc.nom.sg | becoming in the realm of (subtle material) form, (subtle material) form sphere becoming |
| arūpabhavo | noun | masc.nom.sg | becoming in the immaterial realm, formless sphere becoming |
| saññā- | noun | perception, conception, recognition | |
| bhavo | noun | masc.nom.sg | becoming, being, existence |
| asaññā- | noun | non perception, non conception | |
| bhavo | noun | masc.nom.sg | becoming, being, existence |
| nevasaññānāsaññā- | noun | neither perception nor non-perception | |
| bhavo | noun | masc.nom.sg | becoming, being, existence |
| eka- | adj | one | |
| vokāra- | noun | detail, constituent, factor, component | |
| bhavo | noun | masc.nom.sg | becoming, being, existence |
| catu- | adj | four | |
| vokāra- | noun | detail, constituent, factor, component | |
| bhavo | noun | masc.nom.sg | becoming, being, existence |
| pañca- | adj | five | |
| vokāra- | noun | detail, constituent, factor, component | |
| bhavo | noun | masc.nom.sg | becoming, being, existence |
existence in the realm of sense desire, existence in the realm of form, existence in the formless realm, becoming with perception, becoming with non-perseption, becoming with neither-perception-nor-non-perception; becoming with one-component, becoming with four-components, becoming with five-components.
ayaṃ vuccati upapattibhavo.
this is called 'rebirth-becoming'.
iti ayañ'ca kammabhavo, ayañ'ca upapattibhavo.
thus is this action-becoming and this rebirth-becoming.
ayaṃ vuccati upādāna-paccayā bhavo.
this is called 'becoming', with clinging as a condition.
tattha katamā bhava-paccayā jāti?
therein what is 'birth', with becoming as a condition?
yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jāti; sañjāti, okkanti, abhinibbatti, khandhānaṃ pātubhāvo, āyatanānaṃ paṭilābho.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| yā | pron | fem.nom.sg | whatever, that which |
| tesaṃ | pron | masc.dat.pl | for them |
| tesaṃ | pron | masc.dat.pl | for them |
| sattānaṃ | noun | masc.dat.pl | for living beings |
| tamhi | pron | masc.loc.sg | in it, in that |
| tamhi | pron | masc.loc.sg | in it, in that |
| satta-nikāye | noun | masc.loc.sg | in group of living beings |
| jāti | noun | fem.nom.sg | birth, rebirth, conception |
| sañjāti | noun | fem.nom.sg | birth, origin, arising |
| okkanti | noun | fem.nom.sg | conception, coming down (into a womb) lit. descent |
| abhinibbatti | noun | fem.nom.sg | birth, becoming, production |
| khandhānaṃ | noun | masc.gen.pl | of aggregates, combinations, conglomerations |
| pātubhāvo | noun | masc.nom.sg | appearance (of), manifestation (of) |
| āyatanānaṃ | noun | masc.gen.pl | of sense organs, sense fields |
| paṭilābho | noun | masc.nom.sg | personal acquisition (of), obtaining (of) gaining (of) |
whatever birth, arising, conception, production, appearance of the aggregates, obtaining of the sense fields for various beings among the various classes of beings.
ayaṃ vuccati bhava-paccayā jāti.
this is called 'birth', with becoming as a condition.
tattha katamaṃ jāti-paccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ?
therein what is 'aging-and-death', with birth as a condition?
atthi jarā, atthi maraṇaṃ.
there is aging, there is death.
tattha katamā jarā?
therein what is aging?
yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jarā jīraṇatā khaṇḍiccaṃ pāliccaṃ valittacatā āyuno saṃhāni indriyānaṃ paripāko; ayaṃ vuccati jarā
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| jarā | noun | fem.nom.sg | decay; old age, aging |
| jīraṇatā | noun | fem.nom.sg | (state of) old age, decrepitude, deterioriation |
| khaṇḍiccaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | breaking apart, broken teeth |
| pāliccaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | hoariness, gray hair |
| valittacatā | noun | fem.nom.sg | (state of) wrinkled skin, wrinkles, wrinkliness |
| āyuno | noun | masc.gen.sg | of life force, life energy |
| saṃhāni | noun | fem.nom.sg | shrinking, decrease, dwindling away |
| indriyānaṃ | noun | masc.gen.pl | of faculties; senses |
| paripāko; | noun | masc.nom.sg | decay, deterioration, lit. over-ripeness |
Whatever aging, decrepitude, breaking apart, hoariness, wrinkliness, dwindling away of life-force, deterioration of faculties for various beings among the various classes of beings.
tattha katamaṃ maraṇaṃ?
therein what is death?
yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhā tamhā sattanikāyā cuti cavanatā bhedo antaradhānaṃ maccu maraṇaṃ kālakiriyā khandhānaṃ bhedo kaḷevarassa nikkhepo jīvitindriyass'upacchedo, idaṃ vuccati maraṇaṃ
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| tamhā | pron | masc.abl.sg | from it, from that |
| cuti | noun | fem.nom.sg | falling away, passing away, vanishing |
| cavanatā | noun | fem.nom.sg | falling away, passing away |
| bhedo | noun | masc.nom.sg | breaking-up, breaking apart |
| antaradhānaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | disappearance, fading away, vanishing |
| maccu | noun | masc.nom.sg | death, dying |
| maraṇaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | death |
| kālakiriyā | noun | fem.nom.sg | dying, death, completion of time, lit. time is done, black deed |
| khandhānaṃ | noun | masc.gen.pl | of aggregates, combinations, conglomerations |
| bhedo | noun | masc.nom.sg | breaking-up (of), breaking apart |
| kaḷevarassa | noun | masc.gen.sg | of dead body, corpse |
| nikkhepo | noun | masc.nom.sg | discarding (of), dropping (of), putting down throwing away (of) |
| jīvitindriyassa- | noun | nt.gen.sg | of life faculty, life force, power of life |
| upacchedo | noun | masc.nom.sg | severing (of), cutting off, breaking off complete stopping (of) |
Whatever falling away, passing away, breaking apart, disappearance, dying, death, completion of time, breaking of the aggregates, discarding of the body, complete stopping of the power of life of for various beings from the various classes of beings.
iti ayañ'ca jarā, idañ'ca maraṇaṃ.
thus is this aging and this death.
idaṃ vuccati jāti-paccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ.
this is called 'aging-and-death', with birth as a condition.
tattha katamo soko?
therein what is sorrow?
ñāti-byasanena vā phuṭṭhassa, bhoga-byasanena vā phuṭṭhassa, roga-byasanena vā phuṭṭhassa, sīla-byasanena vā phuṭṭhassa, diṭṭhi-byasanena vā phuṭṭhassa; aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa, aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa; soko, socanā, socitattaṃ; antosoko, antoparisoko, cetaso parijjhāyanā, domanassaṃ, sokasallaṃ.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ñāti- | noun | family, relative, kinsman | |
| byasanena | noun | masc.ins.sg | by misfortune, disaster, calamity, loss |
| vā | ind | or | |
| phuṭṭhassa | pp | masc.gen.sg | of afflicted (with), suffering (from), lit touched (by) |
| bhoga- | noun | wealth, possessions, property, riches | |
| byasanena | noun | masc.ins.sg | by misfortune, disaster, calamity, loss |
| roga- | noun | disease, illness | |
| byasanena | noun | masc.ins.sg | by misfortune, disaster, calamity, loss |
| sīla- | noun | behaviour, conduct, integrity | |
| byasanena | noun | masc.ins.sg | by misfortune, disaster, calamity, loss |
| diṭṭhi- | noun | view, belief, opinion, concept, theory | opinion, attitude |
| byasanena | noun | masc.ins.sg | by misfortune, disaster, calamity, loss |
| aññataraññatarena | adj | masc.ins.sg | by one or other; all kinds |
| byasanena | noun | masc.ins.sg | by misfortune, disaster, calamity, loss |
| samannāgatassa, | adj | masc.gen.sg | of possessing, endowed (with), having lit. going together (with) |
| aññataraññatarena | adj | masc.ins.sg | by one or other; all kinds |
| dukkhadhammena | noun | nt.ins.sg | by misfortune, painful experience state of suffering |
| phuṭṭhassa | pp | masc.gen.sg | of afflicted (with), suffering (from), lit touched (by) |
| soko | noun | masc.nom.sg | grief, sorrow, sadness |
| socanā, | noun | fem.nom.sg | grief, sorrow, sadness |
| socitattaṃ; | noun | nt.nom.sg | bereavement, state of grief, state of sorrow state of sadness, sorrowfulness |
| antosoko | noun | masc.nom.sg | internal grief, personal sadness, heartache |
| antoparisoko | noun | masc.nom.sg | severe internal grief, severe personal sadness severe heartache |
| cetaso | noun | masc.gen.sg | of mind |
| parijjhāyanā, | noun | masc.nom.sg | thorough burning |
| domanassaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | (mental) suffering, distress, dissatisfaction |
| sokasallaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | the dart of sorrow |
grief, sadness, sorrowfulness, heartache, severe internal grief, the mind's thorough burning, displeasure, the dart of sorrow; of one affected by the loss of relatives, or loss of wealth, or misfortune of sickness, or loss of virtue, or misfortune on account of beliefs; of one who endowed with all kinds of calamity, of one affected by all kinds of painful experience.
ayaṃ vuccati soko.
this is called 'sorrow'.
tattha katamo paridevo?
therein what is lamentation?
ñātibyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa, bhogabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa, rogabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa, sīlabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa, diṭṭhibyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa; aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa, aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa; ādevo paridevo, ādevanā paridevanā, ādevitattaṃ paridevitattaṃ; vācā, palāpo, vippalāpo; lālappo, lālappanā, lālappitattaṃ.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ādevo | noun | masc.nom.sg | mourning, lamenting, wailing, crying |
| paridevo | noun | masc.nom.sg | mourning, lament, wail, cry |
| ādevanā | noun | fem.nom.sg | mourning, lamenting, wailing, crying |
| paridevanā | noun | fem.nom.sg | mourning, lament, wail, cry |
| ādevitattaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | (state of) mourning, lamenting, wailing crying, bewailing |
| paridevitattaṃ; | noun | nt.nom.sg | state of mourning, lamentation, wailing crying etc |
| vācā, | noun | fem.nom.sg | speech, words, statement |
| palāpo, | noun | masc.nom.sg | chattering, gossip |
| vippalāpo; | noun | masc.nom.sg | confused talk, wailing |
| lālappo, | noun | masc.nom.sg | murmur |
| lālappanā, | noun | fem.nom.sg | murmuring, |
| lālappitattaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | murmuration. |
lament, mourning, wailing, crying, bewailing, lamentation; (sorrowful) speech, chattering, confused talk, murmur, murmuring, murmuration; of one affected by the loss of relatives, or loss of wealth, or misfortune of sickness, or loss of virtue, or misfortune on account of beliefs; of one who endowed with all kinds of calamity, of one affected by all kinds of painful experience.
ayaṃ vuccati paridevo.
this is called 'lamentation'.
tattha katamaṃ dukkhaṃ?
therein what is pain?
yaṃ kāyikaṃ asātaṃ, kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ; kāyasamphassajaṃ asātaṃ dukkhaṃ vedayitaṃ; kāyasamphassajā asātā dukkhā vedanā.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| yaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | whatever, that which |
| kāyikaṃ | adj | nt.nom.sg | bodily, physical, in relation to the body |
| asātaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | pain, suffering, unpleasantness |
| kāyikaṃ | adj | nt.nom.sg | bodily, physical, in relation to the body |
| dukkhaṃ; | noun | nt.nom.sg | discomfort, suffering, pain, unease something unsatisfactory, problem, trouble |
| kāyasamphassajaṃ | adj | nt.nom.sg | caused by physical contact, produced by somatic experience |
| asātaṃ | adj | nt.nom.sg | disagreeable, unpleasant, unappealing |
| dukkhaṃ | adj | nt.nom.sg | uncomfortable, painful, unpleasant |
| vedayitaṃ; | noun | nt.nom.sg | feeling, experience, impression lit. sensed, felt |
| kāyasamphassajā | adj | fem.nom.sg | caused by physical contact, produced by somatic experience |
| asātā | adj | fem.nom.sg | disagreeable, unpleasant, unappealing |
| dukkhā | adj | fem.nom.sg | uncomfortable, painful, unpleasant |
| vedanā | noun | fem.nom.sg | felt experience, feeling, sensation |
whatever bodily unpleasantness, physical suffering; what is felt as uncomfortable, disagreeable, caused by physical contact; the uncomfortable painful feeling that is born of body-contact.
idaṃ vuccati dukkhaṃ.
this is called 'pain'.
tattha katamaṃ domanassaṃ?
therein what is displeasure?
yaṃ cetasikaṃ asātaṃ, cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ; cetosamphassajaṃ asātaṃ dukkhaṃ vedayitaṃ; cetosamphassajā asātā dukkhā vedanā.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| yaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | whatever, that which |
| cetasikaṃ | adj | nt.nom.sg | mental, related to mind |
| asātaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | pain, suffering, unpleasantness |
| cetasikaṃ | adj | nt.nom.sg | mental, related to mind |
| dukkhaṃ; | noun | nt.nom.sg | discomfort, suffering, pain, unease something unsatisfactory, problem, trouble |
| cetosamphassajaṃ | adj | nt.nom.sg | caused by mental contact, produced by mental experience |
| asātaṃ | adj | nt.nom.sg | disagreeable, unpleasant, unappealing |
| dukkhaṃ | adj | nt.nom.sg | uncomfortable, painful, unpleasant |
| vedayitaṃ; | noun | nt.nom.sg | feeling, experience, impression |
| cetosamphassajā | adj | fem.nom.sg | caused by mental contact, produced by mental experience |
| asātā | adj | fem.nom.sg | disagreeable, unpleasant, unappealing |
| dukkhā | adj | fem.nom.sg | uncomfortable, painful, unpleasant |
| vedanā | noun | fem.nom.sg | felt experience, feeling, sensation |
whatever mental discomfort, mental pain; what is felt as uncomfortable, painful, that is caused by mental contact; the uncomfortable painful feeling that is caused by mental contact.
idaṃ vuccati domanassaṃ.
this is called 'displeasure'.
tattha katamo upāyāso?
therein what is despair?
ñātibyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa, bhogabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa, rogabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa, sīlabyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa, diṭṭhibyasanena vā phuṭṭhassa; aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa, aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa; āyāso upāyāso, āyāsitattaṃ upāyāsitattaṃ.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| āyāso | noun | masc.nom.sg | trouble, trial, tribulation, affliction, adversity |
| upāyāso | noun | masc.nom.sg | affliction, agitation, trouble |
| āyāsitattaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | (state of) affliction, adversity |
| upāyāsitattaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | (state of) affliction, adversity |
trouble, agitation, state of affliction and state of adversity; for affected by the loss of relatives, or loss of wealth, or misfortune of sickness, or loss of virtue, or misfortune on account of beliefs; for endowed all kinds of calamity, for affected by all kinds of painful experience.
ayaṃ vuccati upāyāso.
this is called 'despair'.
evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hotī ti:
such is the origin of this whole mass of suffering” means this:
evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa saṅgati hoti, samāgamo hoti, samodhānaṃ hoti, pātubhāvo hoti.
| Pāli | POS | Grammar | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| saṅgati | noun | fem.nom.sg | union, coming together, meeting |
| samāgamo | noun | masc.nom.sg | assembly, meeting, gathering |
| samodhānaṃ | noun | nt.nom.sg | combining, fitting togethe lit. putting down together |
| pātubhāvo | noun | masc.nom.sg | appearance (of), manifestation (of) |
such is the combination, composition, collocation, manifestation of this whole mass of suffering.
tena vuccati evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hotī''ti.
therefore it is called such is the origin of this whole mass of suffering”.